HD5180GSN散裝水泥運輸車改裝設計【說明書+CAD】,說明書+CAD,HD5180GSN散裝水泥運輸車改裝設計【說明書+CAD】,hd5180gsn,散裝,水泥,運輸車,改裝,設計,說明書,仿單,cad 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學華德應用技術學院畢業(yè)設計（論文） - 1 - 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學華德應用技術學院畢業(yè)設計（論文） 附 錄1 專用汽車的發(fā)展狀況 國外專用汽車產品的發(fā)展趨勢 專用汽車重型化趨勢 近年來，國外專用汽車的產量明顯以重型居多，其原因主要是重型專用汽車經濟效益好喝重型車功率大、強度高、有中、小型專用車無法替代的優(yōu)點。隨著物流的龐大和公路的高級化，以及特殊作業(yè)的需要，重型專用汽車在國外得到迅速發(fā)展。如德國的散裝水泥車噸位均在15t以上；比例時莫爾公司今年花費相當大的人力、物力從事50~70t的大型掛車用牽引車的研究和生產。比例時的大型粉罐車也已進行系列化生產，裝載容積為30~60m。 散裝水泥車的系列化趨勢 為了提高散裝水泥車的卸料能力，國外進行了卓有成效的流態(tài)化元件研究，使卸料速度達到1.5~1.8t/min（國產散裝水汽車現行指標是1.0~1.3m/min），為提高遠距離散運經濟效益，散裝水泥車的列車化正在成為今后的發(fā)展趨勢。據報道，澳大利亞的公路運輸已普遍使用拖帶雙節(jié)掛車、甚至三節(jié)掛車的汽車列車。1994年，澳大利亞一家掛車制造廠使用麥克（MACK）8×4牽引車，拖掛29節(jié)掛車，列車總長429m，有效質量500t，發(fā)動機功率3657kW，每節(jié)掛車均為三軸式，雙軸結構前轉向架和三聯式后軸。 一車多用化的趨勢 為提高專用汽車的適應性，以滿足各種特殊需要，有趨勢表明國外正在謀求專用汽車的一車多用化，使專用車功能由單一向多功能發(fā)展，如1990年如本昭和飛機公司退出了多用途廂式專用汽車，該車車廂為二重結構設計，裝備了散裝貨物用的傳送帶，既能一般貨運又可運輸散裝物料。 專用底盤專業(yè)化趨勢 日本豐田等大汽車公司的專用的盤均已實現系列化、專業(yè)化生產。近年來，國外不少汽車廠專門從事專用汽車底盤生產，尤其重視專用底盤的系列化專業(yè)化生產、滿足專用車的特殊需要。 我國專用汽車的發(fā)展趨勢 集團化發(fā)展趨勢明顯 80年代初期開始，汽車行業(yè)經歷了“六五”、“七五”十年發(fā)展已基本形成“三大、三小、兩微”、“四輕、二中、三重”基本型汽車生產基地的格局，由分散走向集中、聯合、集團化。 專用汽車產品正向調整生產組織結構和產品結構、向規(guī)?；厔莅l(fā)展，專用汽車的生產集中度增加 從1992年的專用汽車產量看，主機廠生產的專用汽車占專用汽車產量的53%，已超出一半，另一半是由五六百家專用車廠生產，生產集中度明顯增加。從另外一方面看，生產分散仍較突出，據初步統(tǒng)計，全國生產自卸車的廠家130個，但絕大多數廠家產量均在200輛以下。以青島專用汽車廠為例，該廠從日本引進技術生產自卸車的舉升缸、液壓元件等專用裝置，自卸車年產能力已達3000輛，但每年只能生產800~1000輛，形成“吃不飽”的局面。由此看出，調整組織專用汽車的生產規(guī)模也是一個很大的趨勢。 國內外專用汽車產品的發(fā)展趨勢 重型化 國外在運輸和各作業(yè)領域使用的專用汽車明顯以重型居多。這是因為重型車經濟效益好、功率大有利于綜合利用。 重型化趨勢直接依賴于國民經濟發(fā)展得需要，基礎工業(yè)建設的需要。油田開發(fā)建設、礦山開發(fā)建設、電站和水利建設等都需新增重型專用汽車；交通運輸建設發(fā)展、如高速公路建設和投入使用，都需要重型半掛、集裝箱運輸專用汽車的發(fā)展。 目前世界上有20多個國家生產總重15t以上的重型汽車，年產達60多萬輛，其中重型專用汽車占重型汽車產量的70%以上。 重型車的發(fā)展，在很大程度上取決于重型專用汽車的發(fā)展。目前我國重型專用汽車生產廠家有80多個，都沒有形成較大批量生產。我國的專用汽車占全國載貨汽車保有量和年產量的比例不到15%，而重型專用汽車年產量尚不到專用汽車年產量的10%。與發(fā)達國家相比較差距很大，關鍵是目前我國尚缺乏較高水平和質量的重型專用汽車底盤?？梢姡匦蛯Ｓ闷嚨拈_發(fā)生產，無論在品種上或批量上都具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。 輕型化 我國的專用汽車過去一直是以中型為主，現在的趨勢一是往“大”走，如上所述，大型適于公路運輸；二是往“小”走，小型適用于走街串巷。隨著國民經濟的發(fā)展，城市需要大量的生活用車、環(huán)衛(wèi)用車、醫(yī)療用車、市政用車等各種輕型專用汽車。 客廂式乘用車和各種輕型專用車，已成為輕型車市場的組成部分。6~8座的輕型車以及“MVP”輕轎，可適用于公務用車及大中城市出租車；14~20座乘用車，適用于城市公交“中巴”和城郊短途客運，特別是鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)發(fā)展，農村、縣城對輕型客車的需求量在不斷增長；旅游事業(yè)的的發(fā)展，需要開發(fā)生產高檔豪華輕型客車，根據我國的具體情況，尤其是20~30座中檔輕型客車的生產開發(fā)。 專用車的轎車化趨勢也在悄悄興起。上海申聯專用汽車公司利用上海牌轎車改裝轎車客貨兩用車也批量生產；一汽集團利用奧迪轎車的車身，裝在輕型車“Pick-up”底盤上，改裝成奧迪“轎卡”將批量投入市場。 “四高”化 專用汽車在適應市場發(fā)展需求的同時，隨著材料的發(fā)展和進步，在不斷提高專用汽車產品的檔次。開發(fā)生產“四高”化（高水平、高技術、高質量、高附加值）的專用汽車，以滿足國民經濟發(fā)展得需求，替代進口，使專用汽車產品的出口具有一定的競爭力。 目前，高速公路運輸車、高速公路專用服務車、裝載20m以上的飛機加油車、機場專用運輸車、城市建設專用汽車、高層建筑消防車、散裝顆粒物料運輸車、沙漠油田特種運輸車、高空、技術、高水平下作業(yè)特種曲臂作業(yè)車，以及超重、超大貨物運輸專用汽車等，眾多國家經濟發(fā)展急需的高技術、高水平、高質量、高附加值的專用汽車新產品急待開發(fā)生產。 附 錄2 SPECIAL VEHCLE DEVELEPMENTS Foreign specialized automobile products development trend special automobile ChongXingHua trend in recent years, the foreign specialized automobile yield significantly in heavy majority, the main reason is heavy special-purpose automobile economic benefit tastiness heavy vehicle power, high strength, medium and small irreplaceable special advantages. With logistics huge and highways, and special activity high-level needs, heavy special-purpose automobile in foreign rapid development. Such as German car tonnage in bulk cement 15t above all, When scale Moore companies spend quite a big this year manpower and material resources in 50 ~ 70t large trailer with tractor in the research and production. When scale of large powder tanker also have conducted a series production, load capacity is 30 ~ 60m. bulk cement car serialization trend in order to improve the bulk cement car of unloading capacity, foreign conducted fruitful fluidized device research, make the unloading speed reached 1.5 ~ 1.8 t/min (china-made bulk water car current index is 1.0 ~ 1.3 m/min), in order to improve economic efficiency, long-distance scattered shipped bulk cement car train change is become the future developing trend. According to reports, Australia's highway transportation already widespread use towage double festival trailer, even three trailer car trains. In 1994, an Australian trailer manufacturers use mike (MACK) 8 x 4 tractor, dragging hang 29 knots six-wheelers, train presidents, effective quality 429m 500t, engine power 3657kW, each section trailer will be three shaft type, multi-axial structure before bogie and sanlian type rear axle. a car for improving the multi-purpose trend of specialized automobile adaptability, to meet various special needs, there's a trend that foreign currently seeking a special automobile, exclusive of car multi-purpose function by a single multi-functional development, such as 1990 if the zhao and aircraft company withdrew from multi-purpose van, special vehicle, the car compartment for double structure design, equipment for bulk cargo with the conveyor belt, already can general freight transport bulk material and. special chassis specialized tendency Japan Toyota and other large car company dedicated disks are already realize seriation, specialized production. In recent years, the foreign many car factory specializes in special-purpose automobile chassis production, especially attention special chassis serialization of specialized production, meet a. special needs. Our special automobile development trend collectivization development tendency obvious in the early 1980s began, auto industry has experienced "June", "the seventh decade development has basically formed" three, jumps, two tiny ", "four light, no.2, triple" basic auto production base pattern, from scattered toward concentration, joint, collectivize. special-purpose automobile products positive adjusting production organization structure and product structure, into a large-scale trends, special vehicle production concentration increases from 1992 the special-purpose automobile yield look, shock-resistant production of specialized automobile accounted for special automobile yield 53%, already exceeded half and half by five or six hundred special depot production, production concentration increased obviously. On the other hand, producing scattered was still prominent, according to preliminary statistics, the national production equipments factory 130, but most are in 200 car manufacturer production below. Special car factory in Qingdao as an example, the factory production equipments imported from Japan technology of lifting cylinder, hydraulic components, and other special device, mov annual ability has reached 3,000 car, but each year can produce 800 ~ 1000 cars, form "do not have enough to eat" aspect. From that, the adjustment of the organization specialized automobile production scale is also a big trend. At home and abroad the development trend of specialized automobile products Heavy change abroad in transportation and each homework fields use of specialized automobile obvious in heavy shower. This is because the heavy trucks good economic returns, large power to comprehensive utilization. Heavy change trend directly depend on the economic development, need peaked based industrial construction needs. Oilfield development and construction, mining construction, power stations and construction of water conservancy etc are required to add heavy special automobile, Transportation construction development, such as highway construction and put into use, the need for heavy half hanged, container transportation special-purpose automobile development. Of the world's total weight more than 20 countries production 15t more heavy vehicles, with an annual output of more than 60 million vehicles, including heavy special-purpose automobile accounted for 70% of the heavy duty truck production. Heavy vehicle development, depends largely on the development of heavy special-purpose automobile. At present our country heavy special-purpose automobile manufacturers have more than 80, all failed to form a large quantities. China's special automobile accounts for the bills of auto possession and annual output is less than 15%, and the proportion of specialized automobile annual output is less than heavy duty 10% of specialized automobile production. Compared with the developed countries, the key difference is at present our country lacking higher level and quality of heavy special automobile chassis. Visible, heavy special automobile, no matter in the development and production of varieties or batch of broad development prospects. light-duty our special vehicle in the past has been centered on the medium is given priority to, now the trend is to "big" go, as described above, large suitable for highway transportation, 2 it is to "small" go, small applies to ZouJieChuanHang. With the development of national economy, city life requires a lot of transport and transport, medical treatment sanitation transport and municipal transport etc. Various light special vehicle. 6 ~ 8 seats in small and "MVP" QingJiao, can be applied to public transport and medium cities taxi, 14 ~ 20 seats passenger cars, suitable for urban transit "sino-pakistani" and suburban shortrange passenger, especially the development of township enterprises, rural, counties of light bus in a growing demand, Tourism development, the need to develop manufacture deluxe light buses, according to the specific situations of China, especially the 20 ~ 30 seats midrange light bus production development. A cars tendency in silently rise. Shanghai plant special-purpose automobile companies use ShangHaiPai car modified car station wagon also batch production. Faw group using audi car body, packed in small "Pick - up" chassis, converted into a audi "sedan chair card" will batch in market. "four high" of specialized automobile in adapt to market development needs of material at the same time, along with the development and progress of specialized automobile, continuously improve the grade of the product. Development and production of "four high" change (high level and high technology, high quality and high added value) of the special automobile, in order to satisfy national economy development to demand, import substitute, make special automobile products in the export has certain competitive power. At present, the highway transport vehicles and highway special designed, loading peg20m above refuel aircraft car, airport special truck, urban construction special automobile, high-rise building fire truck, bulk grain material vechile, special vehicle, high altitude desert oilfield, technology, high level under special music arm homework assignments, as well as being overweight, super car specialized automobile transport of goods, numerous national economic development in urgent need of high technology, high level and high quality and high value-added special-purpose automobile new product development and production of htac. - 8