感知健康艙的艙體外觀與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)【說(shuō)明書(shū)+CAD+SOLIDWORKS+仿真】
感知健康艙的艙體外觀與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)【說(shuō)明書(shū)+CAD+SOLIDWORKS+仿真】,說(shuō)明書(shū)+CAD+SOLIDWORKS+仿真,感知健康艙的艙體外觀與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)【說(shuō)明書(shū)+CAD+SOLIDWORKS+仿真】,感知,健康,體外,結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),說(shuō)明書(shū),仿單,cad,solidworks,仿真
任 務(wù) 書(shū)
(理工類(lèi))
題 目:感知健康艙的艙體外觀
與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)E
學(xué)生姓名:
學(xué) 號(hào):
專(zhuān) 業(yè):
年 級(jí):
學(xué) 院:
指導(dǎo)教師:
任務(wù)與要求:
1、利用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)查閱感知健康艙相關(guān)零件數(shù)據(jù),并通過(guò)機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)的方法來(lái)計(jì)算外形及結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。
2、同時(shí)畫(huà)出總功能分解圖,黑箱圖,功能結(jié)構(gòu)圖,分析其工作原理及過(guò)程,利用solidworks對(duì)感知健康艙外形進(jìn)行三維實(shí)體建模,同時(shí)對(duì)其內(nèi)部各部件進(jìn)行建模設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)適當(dāng)部件進(jìn)行受力分析。
3、繪制感知健康艙外形裝配圖1張,同時(shí)繪制感知健康艙內(nèi)部安裝尺寸圖1張。
4、繪制感知健康艙外形零件圖8張。
5、撰寫(xiě)感知健康艙設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)一份。
6、畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí):收集相關(guān)資料,并形成實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告。
推薦的主要參考文獻(xiàn)和資料:
[1] 黃靖遠(yuǎn)、 高志、陳祝林 《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)》[M](第三版)北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2009.6
[3] 朱龍根 《機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)》[M] 第二版 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2004.2
[2] 黃純穎《機(jī)械創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)》[M](第一版)北京:高等教育出版社 2000.7
[4] 丁厚富、王立人《工程材料》[M](第一版)武漢: 武漢理工大學(xué)出版社 2001.8
[5] 劉朝儒、吳志軍、高政一、許紀(jì)文《機(jī)械制圖》[M](第五版) 北京:高等教育出版社 2006.10
[4] 濮良貴 紀(jì)名剛 《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》[M] (第八版). 北京:高等教育出版社,2006
[6] 鄧志平 《機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)》[M](第二版) 成都:西南交通大學(xué)出版社 2008.8
年 月 日
實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告
實(shí)習(xí)生姓名
班 級(jí)
聯(lián)系電話
指導(dǎo)教師姓名
職 稱(chēng)
聯(lián)系電話
實(shí)習(xí)單位(地點(diǎn))
實(shí)習(xí)起止時(shí)間
【實(shí)習(xí)內(nèi)容】
經(jīng)過(guò)大學(xué)四年的學(xué)習(xí),我們最終都需要將我們所學(xué)的知識(shí)運(yùn)用到社會(huì)中去,不管是工作、學(xué)習(xí)還是生活中去,而生產(chǎn)實(shí)習(xí)是我們廣大學(xué)生走出課堂,脫離課本,走進(jìn)一線,投身實(shí)踐的重要一課,也是進(jìn)入社會(huì)的第一課!按照學(xué)校的安排,我們?cè)诮衲觊_(kāi)學(xué)的時(shí)候參加了湖北十堰東風(fēng)汽車(chē)有限公司商用車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)廠的生產(chǎn)實(shí)習(xí)。具體的實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告如下:
一、實(shí)習(xí)目的:
生產(chǎn)實(shí)習(xí)是我們機(jī)自專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)中不可缺少的組成部分,并作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的項(xiàng)目列入專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)計(jì)劃中的。其目的在于通過(guò)實(shí)習(xí)使學(xué)生獲得基本生產(chǎn)的感性知識(shí),理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際,擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面;同時(shí)專(zhuān)業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)又是鍛煉和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生動(dòng)手能力及素質(zhì)的重要渠道,培養(yǎng)當(dāng)代大學(xué)生具有吃苦耐勞的精神,也是學(xué)生接觸基層、了解產(chǎn)業(yè)狀況、了解國(guó)情的一個(gè)重要途徑,逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)由學(xué)生到社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)變,培養(yǎng)我們初步擔(dān)任技術(shù)工作的能力、初步了解企業(yè)管理(QCD等)的基本方法和技能;體驗(yàn)企業(yè)工作的內(nèi)容和方法。這些實(shí)際知識(shí),對(duì)我們學(xué)習(xí)后面的課程乃至以后的工作,都是十分必要的基礎(chǔ)。
二、實(shí)習(xí)要求:
①了解我國(guó)汽車(chē)行業(yè)的歷史、現(xiàn)狀以及未來(lái)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
②掌握機(jī)械加工工藝方面的知識(shí)及方法
③了解機(jī)床和數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的知識(shí),特別是加工中心等典型的數(shù)控設(shè)備
④了解當(dāng)今先進(jìn)的企業(yè)生產(chǎn)管理模式,學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)的管理方式方法
⑤熟悉熱處理及其相關(guān)設(shè)備方面的知識(shí)
三 、公司簡(jiǎn)介:
東風(fēng)汽車(chē)有限公司商用車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)廠位于湖北省十堰市武當(dāng)山麓,有著三十余年的歷史、積近三百萬(wàn)臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制造的經(jīng)驗(yàn),是東風(fēng)汽車(chē)公司的核心動(dòng)力生產(chǎn)廠;東風(fēng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)廠現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為國(guó)內(nèi)最大發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)企業(yè),是國(guó)內(nèi)唯一一家汽、柴并舉,2升至11升全系列車(chē)用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制造商。年綜合生產(chǎn)能力20余萬(wàn)臺(tái)。產(chǎn)品功率涵蓋90~412Ps,排放均達(dá)歐Ⅱ,部分產(chǎn)品可持續(xù)達(dá)歐Ⅲ、歐Ⅳ水平。東風(fēng)公司發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)廠主要生產(chǎn)缸體、缸蓋、曲軸、凸輪軸、連桿等五大件及發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)總成,擁有EQ6100、EQ6105、EQ491汽油機(jī)和EQD6102T、東風(fēng)D系列柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)等5大系列20多個(gè)基本品種。由過(guò)去單為中卡配套,發(fā)展到為客車(chē)、中巴、皮卡等配套;從車(chē)用發(fā)展到為船舶、發(fā)電機(jī)、工程機(jī)械等配套;不僅生產(chǎn)總成,而且還為康明斯等公司生產(chǎn)OEM零件。近年來(lái),東風(fēng)商用車(chē)在新品研發(fā)、市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)上下大力氣,相繼推出了一系列低油耗、大馬力、安全、環(huán)保的新品種,并推出“陽(yáng)光服務(wù)”品牌,得到市場(chǎng)認(rèn)可。目前該企業(yè)已成為一家汽、柴并舉,能為中、輕配套的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)企業(yè),具有年產(chǎn)20萬(wàn)臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力,是我國(guó)最大的專(zhuān)業(yè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)制造廠之一。
四、 實(shí)習(xí)內(nèi)容:
㈠、EQ6100曲軸經(jīng)典加工路線:
毛坯檢查(QT700-2 球墨鑄鐵)→磨第四主軸頸→粗車(chē)其余主軸頸以及同軸軸頸→半精車(chē)所有主軸頸以及同軸軸頸→精車(chē)所有主軸頸以及同軸軸頸→銑定位面(確定對(duì)刀點(diǎn))→車(chē)連桿頸(一次車(chē)削)→車(chē)平衡塊的外圓→鉆直孔,锪球窩,鉆斜油孔→車(chē)切沉割槽(方便后面的滾壓)→高頻淬火→磨第四主軸頸→磨第1,7 主軸頸→磨油封→磨皮帶輪與齒輪→磨2,3,5,6主軸頸→磨連桿頸(為提高效率,采用2臺(tái)同時(shí)進(jìn)行)→銑鍵槽→加工兩端孔(小頭Ra 0.8以下,大油封后面有6個(gè)飛輪固定螺栓孔,還有個(gè)軸承孔)→滾壓(提高曲軸強(qiáng)度)→車(chē)軸承孔→鉸孔(鑄件的余量較大)平衡兩次,第一次動(dòng)平衡500g/cm ,第二次靜平衡50g/cm →拋光(其中粗車(chē)用油石,精車(chē)用砂帶)→總成清洗→終檢→發(fā)交→裝試。
㈡、康明斯6B曲軸作業(yè)部:
主要的加工工序:粗車(chē)第四主軸頸(為粗車(chē)主軸頸做準(zhǔn)備,因?yàn)樗谴帜サ幕鶞?zhǔn),中心孔頂緊加工輔助定位切削余量大)→粗磨第四主軸頸(加工精度高)→粗車(chē)所有主軸頸(兩把刀,一刀切一半)→半精車(chē)所有主軸頸以及同軸軸頸→精車(chē)所有主軸頸以及同軸軸頸→銑定位面(確定對(duì)刀點(diǎn))→車(chē)連桿頸(一次車(chē)削)→車(chē)平衡塊的外圓→鉆直孔,锪球窩,鉆斜油孔→車(chē)切沉割槽(方便后面的滾壓)→高頻淬火→磨第四主軸頸→磨第1,7 主軸頸→磨油封→磨皮帶輪與齒輪→磨2,3,5,6主軸頸→磨連桿頸(為提高效率,采用2臺(tái)同時(shí)進(jìn)行)→銑鍵槽→加工兩端孔(小頭Ra 0.8以下,大油封后面有6個(gè)飛輪固定螺栓孔,還有個(gè)軸承孔)→滾壓(提高曲軸強(qiáng)度)→車(chē)軸承孔→鉸孔(鑄件的余量較大)平衡兩次,第一次動(dòng)平衡500g/cm ,第二次靜平衡50g/cm →拋光(其中粗車(chē)用油石,精車(chē) 用砂帶)→總成清洗→終檢→發(fā)交→裝試凸輪軸主要采用鍛件進(jìn)行加工,原料采用45,50號(hào)鋼。
㈢、凸輪軸作業(yè)部:
主要的生產(chǎn)工藝如下:開(kāi)始→毛坯檢查→ 10.銑端面,鉆中心孔→ 20.鉆油孔,去毛刺→ 30.打標(biāo)記→ 35. 粗磨第四主軸頸→ 40.粗,精車(chē)全部軸頸,臺(tái)肩,清根槽并倒角→ 45.手動(dòng)較直→ 47.精磨第四主軸頸→ 50.精磨其余主軸頸→ 60.精磨小軸頸,臺(tái)肩以及第一主軸頸前端面→ 70.銑鍵槽→ 100.粗精磨全部凸輪→ 105.去毛刺→ 110. 磁粉探傷→ 130.拋光→ 140.清洗→ 150.最終檢查→ 160.防銹包裝
㈣、西城作業(yè)部:
作為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的主要部件,柴油機(jī)曲軸的加工工藝主要生產(chǎn)路線為:毛坯檢查(鑄件,QT700-2)→粗車(chē)第四主軸頸(作為定為基準(zhǔn))→磨第四主軸頸→粗車(chē)其余六個(gè)主軸頸,同軸軸頸→半精車(chē)→精車(chē)→銑定位面→車(chē)聯(lián)桿頸(一次車(chē)削完成)→車(chē)平衡塊外圓→鉆直孔,斜油孔→車(chē)沉割槽(方便以后滾壓加工)→淬火→磨第四主軸頸→磨1、7主軸頸→磨油封→磨皮帶輪齒輪→磨2、3、5、6主軸頸→磨聯(lián)桿頸→銑鍵槽→加工兩端孔→滾壓(提高強(qiáng)度)→擴(kuò)、鏜、鉸軸承孔→粗、精動(dòng)平衡→粗、精拋光→總成清洗→終檢→發(fā)交→裝試
㈤、雜料作業(yè)部:
雜料作業(yè)部不是單一生產(chǎn)零件或者部件的某部分,它有三大任務(wù):1.備件加工;2.新產(chǎn)品的試制加工;3.迂回生產(chǎn)。在雜料作業(yè)部,最具含金量的是缸體大拉床。
㈥、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)總裝配:
參觀完發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)廠的各種零件的生產(chǎn)后,我們就到了裝試作業(yè)部,在這里我們看到了一個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是如何的誕生的。具體的裝配工藝如下:
1、缸體側(cè)面打號(hào);2、缸體測(cè)量分組;高壓清洗,吹,烘干;內(nèi)裝N ,外裝 W。N-2 缸體上線。N-3 裝主軸瓦(上、下半軸瓦)。N-4 裝曲軸。N-5 擰緊主軸承螺栓。N-6 裝后油封。N-7 裝飛輪殼。N-8 裝飛輪。N-9 裝壓盤(pán)。N-10 裝離合器。N-11 裝活塞連桿總成。N-12 擰緊連桿螺母。N-13 裝正時(shí)齒輪。N-14 裝凸輪軸。N-15 裝正時(shí)齒輪室蓋。N-16 裝機(jī)油泵。N-17 裝機(jī)油殼。W-1 裝油底殼。W-2 裝減震器。W-3 裝缸蓋總成。W-4 預(yù)擰緊缸蓋螺栓。W-5 擰緊缸蓋螺栓。W-6 裝搖擺軸。W-7 裝機(jī)油泵傳動(dòng)軸。W-8 調(diào)氣門(mén)間隙。W-9 裝噴油器總成。W-10 裝汽缸蓋罩。W-11 裝空壓機(jī)。W-12 裝排氣管。W-13 裝增壓器。W-14 裝增壓器進(jìn)氣管接頭。W-15 裝曲軸箱通風(fēng)。W-16 裝水泵。W-17 裝節(jié)溫器。W-18 裝風(fēng)扇皮帶輪。W-19 裝機(jī)冷器。W-20 裝放水閥
㈦、商用車(chē)總裝配線、緊固件、車(chē)身生產(chǎn)線:
最后幾天我們參觀了商用車(chē)總裝配線、緊固件、車(chē)身生產(chǎn)線等集中化程度比較高的生產(chǎn)線,雖然車(chē)間的氣勢(shì)比較龐大,但我認(rèn)為我們的生產(chǎn)單位的自動(dòng)化程度還不夠,這些車(chē)間也只能算是半自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)。希望我國(guó)的自動(dòng)化水平進(jìn)一步提高,把生產(chǎn)成本降的更低,進(jìn)一步走向世界,在機(jī)械領(lǐng)域成為真正的強(qiáng)國(guó)。
五、實(shí)習(xí)心得:
為期十四天的實(shí)習(xí)結(jié)束了,在這期間我們總共在八個(gè)作業(yè)部進(jìn)行參觀實(shí)習(xí),在老師和工廠技術(shù)人員的帶領(lǐng)下看到了很多也學(xué)到了很多。讓我對(duì)原先在課本上許多不很明白的東西在實(shí)踐觀察中有了新的領(lǐng)悟和認(rèn)識(shí)。在這個(gè)科技時(shí)代中,高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品品種類(lèi)繁多,生產(chǎn)工藝、生產(chǎn)流程也各不相同,但不管何種產(chǎn)品,從原料加工到制成產(chǎn)品都是遵循一定的生產(chǎn)原理,通過(guò)一些主要設(shè)備及工藝流程來(lái)完成的。因此,在專(zhuān)業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)過(guò)程中,首先要了解其生產(chǎn)原理,弄清生產(chǎn)的工藝流程和主要設(shè)備的構(gòu)造及操作。其次,在專(zhuān)業(yè)人員指導(dǎo)下,通過(guò)實(shí)習(xí)過(guò)程見(jiàn)習(xí)產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)及開(kāi)發(fā)等環(huán)節(jié),初步培養(yǎng)我們得知識(shí)運(yùn)用能力。概括起來(lái)有以下幾方面:
1.了解了當(dāng)代機(jī)械工業(yè)的發(fā)展概況,加深對(duì)現(xiàn)代企業(yè)改革的認(rèn)識(shí)。“凡事不拒絕改善”這就是東風(fēng)的不斷追求進(jìn)步的信念的生動(dòng)寫(xiě)照。
2.了解了機(jī)械產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)方法和技術(shù)路線的選擇,學(xué)習(xí)企業(yè)員工那種“從小事做起,從我做起”的扎實(shí)態(tài)度。
3.了解了機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、技術(shù)規(guī)格、包裝和使用要求。
4.在企業(yè)員工的指導(dǎo)下,見(jiàn)習(xí)生產(chǎn)流程及技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)節(jié),鍛煉自己觀察能力及知識(shí)運(yùn)用能力
5. “一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì),一個(gè)目標(biāo)”這是在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)廠的入口一個(gè)很醒目的位置有一句標(biāo)語(yǔ),在這種企業(yè)文化的感染下,我的社會(huì)工作能力得到了相應(yīng)的提高,在實(shí)習(xí)過(guò)程中,我們不僅從企業(yè)職工身上學(xué)到了知識(shí)和技能,更使我們學(xué)會(huì)了企業(yè)中科學(xué)的管理方式和他們的敬業(yè)精神。感到了生活的充實(shí)和學(xué)習(xí)的快樂(lè),以及獲得知識(shí)的滿足。真正的接觸了社會(huì),使我們消除了走向社會(huì)的恐懼心里,使我們對(duì)未來(lái)充滿了信心,以良好的心態(tài)去面對(duì)社會(huì)。同時(shí),也使我們體驗(yàn)到了工作的艱辛,了解了當(dāng)前社會(huì)大學(xué)生所面臨的嚴(yán)峻問(wèn)題,促使自己努力學(xué)習(xí)更多的知識(shí),為自己今后的工作奠定良好的基礎(chǔ)?! ?
6.增進(jìn)了我們的師生感情,從這次生產(chǎn)中可以看出同學(xué)們對(duì)參加實(shí)踐,投身一線的熱情之高,我認(rèn)為學(xué)??梢砸源藶槠鯔C(jī),認(rèn)真的教育廣大同學(xué),指導(dǎo)同學(xué)們把書(shū)本與實(shí)踐結(jié)合起來(lái)。
????本次實(shí)習(xí)對(duì)于我們以后的學(xué)習(xí)生活都有很大的幫助,起著指引作用,它使我第一次把所學(xué)知識(shí)與實(shí)際操作相應(yīng)用,理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合,讓我們有了一個(gè)全新的認(rèn)識(shí),也算是對(duì)以前所學(xué)知識(shí)的一個(gè)總結(jié)!這次生產(chǎn)實(shí)習(xí)對(duì)于我們以后學(xué)習(xí)、工作的作用可以說(shuō)是受益匪淺。在短短的一個(gè)星期中,讓我們初步從理性認(rèn)識(shí)回歸到感性認(rèn)識(shí),也讓我們進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)了這個(gè)社會(huì),對(duì)于以后做人、做事都有很大的啟發(fā)和幫助!
最后,感謝學(xué)校組織了這場(chǎng)實(shí)習(xí)活動(dòng),感謝老師和同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)和生活中給予我的無(wú)私幫助,因?yàn)橛辛四銈儯也抛兊酶映墒?,它將?huì)在我人生中留下重要的一筆!
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實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告
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題 目:感知健康艙的艙體外觀與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)E
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原文:
Dedicated to the single screw compressor machine updated the Introduction
Abstract: This paper describes four areas from the existing single-screw machine layout and structure, and put out the advantages and disadvantages of the list, because of the compressor plant single-screw machine tools and machine tool external Security information, the above introduction there is inevitably one-sided and wrong, and are therefore single-screw compressor for the production of reference works.
First, introduce the layout of machine tools
Decide the size of the compressor displacement of the stars round, screw diameter, mesh size and the size of the center distance, so different in diameter screw, machine tool spindle and the rotary center are also different. To meet the processing of different diameter screw, single screw Currently the layout of machine tools in general there are several options.
The first is: machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed
Machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed, can not adjust the center distance. Processing of several of the screw diameter on the center distance required several different specifications of the machine.
Advantages: simple structure of the machine.
Disadvantage: each machine can only process a specification of the screw, when the market on a certain specification requirements when the screw compressor, resulting in a machine, other machine idle.
The second: the machine tool spindle box for rotary
Processing screw machine according to the size of the diameter at the processing before a point of rotating spindle box. Spindle box that the machine can turn on a machine at the above-mentioned article on the use of the improvements, with the first structure of a machine tool is basically the same.
Advantages: the structure of machine tool easy to adapt to a variety of specifications of the processing screw.
One disadvantage: after the rotating spindle box and the tool spindle turning center line distance between the center line of accurate measurement difficult.
2 disadvantage: after the rotating spindle spindle box and the front surface of the rotary cutter centerline distance between the reduction of the larger diameter of the screw processing is limited.
The third: the machine tool spindle box for horizontal mobile
Box at the bottom of the spindle and the base there is arranged between the rectangular sliding rail, spindle box perpendicular to the direction of movement of spindle centerline and perpendicular to the centerline of the tool rotation. Through the power of the spindle box spline shaft to the base of the tool feed mechanism.
Screw diameter, according to the size of the processing in the processing of the previous round by hand to the body put into the screw spindle box moved to the appropriate location, and then screw the spindle box on a fixed base. Spindle box available from the mobile Grating detection, position error ± 0.005mm.
Horizontal spindle box can be used as a mobile machine can process diameter φ95 ~ φ385mm any kind between the screw specifications.
Φ95 ~ φ385mm processing because of the diameter of the screw, causing the front surface and the tool spindle rotation the distance between the center line of the margin is too large, the actual application in the design specifications of the machine into two, a φ95 ~ φ205mm machine screw diameter Another φ180 ~ φ385mm machine screw diameter.
Advantages: a variety of tools to adapt to the specifications of the processing screw, each screw specifications need not be provided with the appropriate machine tools.
Disadvantage: the structure of machine tools and machine tool assembly of the two kinds of more complex machine tools, machine tools than the cost of two kinds of machine tools before the high.
Second, introduce the structure of machine tool spindle
The level of machine tool spindle box on the main axis and the base of the vertical axis determines the degree of precision was the precision screw machining, at the same time screw compressor at a speed of thousands of high-speed rotary switch, the accuracy of the screw will be less so that the compressor have a fever, vibration, low efficiency, such as wear and tear situation quickly.
Currently available single-screw machine spindle structure of the program has the following two.
The first is: bearing radial clearance is not adjustable spindle structure
Before spindle bearing out the use of one pairs of cylindrical roller bearings and thrust ball bearing combination of both, the main use of double row cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of two ball bearings to bear axial thrust cutting force.
After the general adoption of the spindle bearings out one pairs of cylindrical roller bearings or a ball bearing to the heart.
Main advantages of this structure: the main axis of the processing and assembly of simple, low cost.
One disadvantage: because the main axis of the radial bearing clearance can not be adjusted so poor precision spindle. Although the use of bearings and shaft diameter fit to eliminate the radial bearing clearance, but each bearing diameter and radial clearance is not a fixed value, so it is difficult to design and processing to the quasi-axial-radial and bearings with bore tolerances.
2 disadvantage: it is very difficult to buy in the market of domestically produced or imported, C, D or P4, P5 class thrust ball bearings, machine tool manufacturing plant commonly used alternative to the use of ordinary class bearings, which also affected the accuracy of the enhance spindle.
Bearing radial clearance adjustable spindle structure do not apply to the general accuracy of the general machine tools, does not apply to require a higher accuracy of the spindle of machine tools.
The second: the radial bearing clearance adjustable spindle structure
Before the adoption of a spindle bearing P4 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings and a P4-class double row ball bearing thrust to the combination of heart. The use of the spindle hole of the double row tapered cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of double row ball bearing thrust to the heart to bear part of the axial and radial cutting force cutting force.
Spindle bearings generally used after a P5 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings.
Double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings with inner ring and shaft are tapered 1:12, bearing lock nut with a round led a bearing in the axial displacement of the inner ring bearings and expansion, to reduce or eliminate Bearing radial clearance purposes.
Main structure of such advantages: high precision spindle. At the front spindle diameter φ230mm noodle on the end measuring spindle Beat value of 0.010mm. Φ230mm cylindrical spindle at the front end on the radial axis measurement value of Beat 0.005mm. The second structure of the spindle of a precision spindle accuracy than the first about 50% improve.
Main disadvantage of this structure:
The principal axis of the more complicated process, the spindle assembly also has the experience necessary to make the workers to operate the spindle achieve the desired numerical accuracy.
Third, the depth of the tool feed control
Required different processing screw diameter spiral groove depth is also different from the depth of the spiral groove mm from dozens to more than 100 millimeters range around the tool into the institutions required to feed the thousands of ring rotation in order to achieve a screw machining .
Feed because of the tool in the tool rotating at the same time achieve motion feed, so on a number of general machine tools used in mechanical, electrical control method of depth of cut does not apply to single-screw machine.
Single screw machine tools give agencies into the following different methods can be feed to control the depth of purpose.
The first is: friction clutch and electrical switches to control the depth of the tool feed
Its principle is to control depth of cut increases the tool cutter feed mechanism increases the load torque so that the tool feeding mechanism of the friction transmission chain slipping clutch, a mechanical linkage concurrent silent trigger electrical switches, optical signal prompted operator, when manual operator to disconnect the tool into the power sector.
The advantages of this control method are: the control method is simple and spare parts processing and operational power from the impact of a sudden.
Disadvantage are: processing of different diameter screw to adjust the clutch friction discs pressed the preload spring.
Material because of the density of each screw, and the hardness of the existence of subtle differences in the degree of cutting tools sharp differences exist, thus the accuracy of this control method was not too accurate, may lead to screw spiral groove depth tolerance is too large.
The second: use of an electromagnetic clutch, encoder control tool into the mix to the depth of
Tool feed system, equipped with electromagnetic clutch and a tool for detecting the number of rotating ring gear and a gun encoder.
It is a tool of control principle hand screw surface encoder to start counting switch, then start counting counting device, when the rotary tool to pre-set number of laps when the cutting depth is reached, the electromagnetic clutch automatic off open to the power tool into the concurrent silent, optical signal parts prompted the operator has finished processing.
The detection device through the digital display shows the number of feed circles or feed. Torn off and the electromagnetic clutch, the tool does not only into the rotation with the vertical shaft to the sport.
The advantages of this control method are: the depth of the spiral groove screw tolerance control more accurate, because of several significant table shows the depth of processing, or want a few laps and the depth of processing or circle the number of operations is also very intuitive and user-friendly.
Disadvantage are: electrical control of machine tools at the same time more complex parts of this control method at the processing plant, if a sudden power failure, the prior data set will be lost.
If you add in the electrical control of the battery to power at the early-dimensional detection devices to maintain the job, the problem can be resolved.
Four, the control gear drive space
Single screw machine screw in the processing, due to the spiral groove in the rotary tool and the workpiece rotation to complete the synthesis process. Just cut into the workpiece when the tool in the tangential direction of rotation has been going on a greater resistance knife, cutting tool at the workpiece to be cut when the role of the spiral groove, the tool in the tangential direction of rotation has been going up against a smaller knife and even by the spiral groove thrust workpiece.
Because there is a box-hole processing machine tool, gear and other processing error, the tool axis of rotation of the drive space is too large, large amount of so-called open.
Detect drive way too much space is a fixed power input shaft and output shaft rotation shaking, in the case of the transmission structure of conventional design and manufacture of machine tools, the transmission output shaft angle space at more than ten degrees to the dozens of degrees. Transmission gap caused by too large spiral screw groove surface then there is obvious marks, thus affecting the machining accuracy of the screw.
Upon completion of the assembly machine tool axis of rotation of the drive space is too large, in fact are subject to various errors gear, creating a backlash of the gear is too large.
Machine tools in the mechanical transmission gear are used regardless of the accuracy of a few of the class, the designers take into account the gear manufacturing error, processing error box center distance, temperature, lubricating oil film thickness, the assembly error and other factors, machine design must ensure that transmission gear A certain amount of backlash, backlash decide the size of the gear tooth thickness tolerance size.
Single-screw machine has the Main Drive from other machine tool structure specificity. In order to reduce transmission or reasonable gap single-screw machine tools currently used by the following two ways.
The first is: the installation at the output shaft brake
Tool at the output shaft rotating the location of cylindrical symmetry with radial brake, brake stand up to the tool front-end of the cylindrical rotary output shaft, brake for spring preload.
The working principle of the brake is generated by the friction brake to increase the output shaft damping, reducing the sensitivity of the rotation axis.
Are: brake and easy does not change the structure of the original machine tool structure, the method of indirect reduction to achieve the purpose of drive space, in practical applications there is a certain effect.
One disadvantage: the pre-spring brake tool because of the cylindrical output shaft to exert a greater radial force, in fact increases the load machine torque, resulting in increased motor power at the same time gears, bearings to accelerate wear and tear.
Disadvantage 2: pre-spring brake because of the output shaft of the cylindrical tool to exert a greater radial force on the possible geometry of the tool output shaft a negative impact on accuracy.
Conclusion:This article describes four areas from existing single-screw machine layout and structure, and put out the advantages and disadvantages of the list, because of the compressor plant single-screw machine tools and machine tool external Security information, the above introduction there is inevitably one-sided and wrong, and are therefore single-screw compressor for the production of reference works.
譯文:
對(duì)壓縮機(jī)單螺桿專(zhuān)用加工機(jī)床的介紹
本文從四個(gè)方面介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有單螺桿加工機(jī)床的布局和結(jié)構(gòu),并把優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)一一列舉出來(lái),由于壓縮機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠的單螺桿加工機(jī)床和機(jī)床資料對(duì)外保密,以上介紹難免有片面、不妥之處,因此僅供單螺桿壓縮機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠參考。
一、介紹機(jī)床的布局
壓縮機(jī)排氣量的大小決定了星輪、螺桿直徑的大小和嚙合中心距的大小,因此螺桿直徑的不同,機(jī)床的主軸與刀具的回轉(zhuǎn)中心也不同。為滿足加工不同直徑的螺桿,目前國(guó)內(nèi)單螺桿加工機(jī)床的布局大致有以下幾種方案。
第一種:機(jī)床的主軸與刀具回轉(zhuǎn)中心的中心距為固定式 。
機(jī)床的主軸與刀具回轉(zhuǎn)中心的中心距為固定式,中心距不可調(diào)整。加工幾種直徑的螺桿就需要幾種中心距規(guī)格不同的機(jī)床。
優(yōu)點(diǎn):機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單。
缺點(diǎn):每種機(jī)床只能加工一種規(guī)格的螺桿,當(dāng)市場(chǎng)上某種規(guī)格的壓縮機(jī)螺桿需要量大時(shí),造成一臺(tái)機(jī)床加工,其他機(jī)床閑置。
第二種:機(jī)床的主軸箱為可回轉(zhuǎn)式 。
機(jī)床可根據(jù)加工螺桿直徑的大小在加工前把主軸箱旋轉(zhuǎn)一個(gè)角度。這種主軸箱能夠回轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)床是對(duì)上述第一種機(jī)床在使用方法上的改進(jìn),與第一種機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)基本相同。
優(yōu)點(diǎn):機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,能適應(yīng)多種規(guī)格螺桿的加工。
缺點(diǎn)1:主軸箱旋轉(zhuǎn)后主軸回轉(zhuǎn)中心線與刀具回轉(zhuǎn)中心線間的距離不易精確測(cè)量。
缺點(diǎn)2:主軸箱旋轉(zhuǎn)后主軸前端面與刀具的回轉(zhuǎn)中心線間的距離減少,因此加工較大直徑的螺桿受到限制。
第三種:機(jī)床的主軸箱為橫向移動(dòng)式。
主軸箱底部與底座之間布置有矩形滑動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌,主軸箱移動(dòng)的方向垂直于主軸回轉(zhuǎn)中心線并垂直于刀具回轉(zhuǎn)中心線。主軸箱的動(dòng)力通過(guò)花鍵軸傳給底座內(nèi)的刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)。 根據(jù)加工螺桿直徑的大小,在加工前用手輪絲杠進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)把主軸箱移動(dòng)到適當(dāng)位置,然后用螺釘將主軸箱固定在底座上。主軸箱的移動(dòng)距離可用光柵尺檢測(cè),位置誤差±0.005mm。 采用主軸箱可橫向移動(dòng)的一個(gè)機(jī)床就可以加工直徑φ95~φ385mm之間任何一種規(guī)格的螺桿。 由于加工φ95~φ385mm直徑的螺桿,造成主軸前端面與刀具回轉(zhuǎn)中心線間的距離差值過(guò)大,因此在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)成兩種規(guī)格的機(jī)床,一個(gè)機(jī)床加工φ95~φ205mm直徑的螺桿,另一個(gè)機(jī)床加工φ180~φ385mm直徑的螺桿。
優(yōu)點(diǎn):機(jī)床能適應(yīng)多種規(guī)格螺桿的加工,每種規(guī)格的螺桿不需要配備相應(yīng)的加工機(jī)床。
缺點(diǎn):機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)和機(jī)床的裝配較前二種機(jī)床復(fù)雜,機(jī)床的造價(jià)也較前二種機(jī)床高。
二、介紹機(jī)床的主軸結(jié)構(gòu)
機(jī)床主軸箱的水平主軸和底座上的立式的主軸精度的高低決定了被加工螺桿的精度,同時(shí)螺桿在壓縮機(jī)中以幾千轉(zhuǎn)的速度高速旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),精度較差的螺桿會(huì)使壓縮機(jī)產(chǎn)生發(fā)熱、振動(dòng)、效率低、磨損快等現(xiàn)象。
國(guó)內(nèi)目前現(xiàn)有的單螺桿加工機(jī)床主軸結(jié)構(gòu)大致有以下兩種方案。
第一種:軸承徑向游隙不可調(diào)的主軸結(jié)構(gòu) 。
主軸前軸承采用1個(gè)雙列圓柱滾子軸承和兩個(gè)推力球軸承組合,該主軸使用雙列圓柱滾子軸承承受徑向切削力,使用兩個(gè)推力球軸承承受軸向切削力, 主軸后軸承一般采用1個(gè)雙列圓柱滾子軸承或采用1個(gè)向心球軸承。
優(yōu)點(diǎn):主軸的加工和裝配簡(jiǎn)單,造價(jià)較低。
缺點(diǎn)1:由于主軸軸承的徑向游隙不可調(diào)整,所以主軸精度較差。雖然可以利用軸承的內(nèi)徑和軸徑的過(guò)盈配合來(lái)消除軸承的徑向游隙,但每個(gè)軸承的內(nèi)徑和徑向游隙不是一個(gè)固定值,因此設(shè)計(jì)和加工時(shí)很難給準(zhǔn)軸徑與軸承內(nèi)徑的配合公差。
缺點(diǎn)2:在市場(chǎng)上很難買(mǎi)到國(guó)產(chǎn)或進(jìn)口的C、D級(jí)或P4、P5級(jí)的推力球軸承,機(jī)床生產(chǎn)廠常用普通級(jí)軸承替代使用,此舉也影響了主軸精度的提高。 軸承徑向游隙不可調(diào)的主軸結(jié)構(gòu)適用于一般精度的普通機(jī)床,不適用于對(duì)主軸精度要求較高的機(jī)床。
第二種:軸承徑向游隙可調(diào)的主軸結(jié)構(gòu) 。
主軸前軸承采用一個(gè)P4級(jí)圓錐孔的雙列圓柱滾子軸承和1個(gè)P4級(jí)的雙列向心推力球軸承組合。該主軸使用圓錐孔的雙列圓柱滾子軸承承受徑向切削力,使用雙列向心推力球軸承承受軸向切削力和部分徑向切削力。 主軸后軸承一般采用1個(gè)P5級(jí)圓錐孔的雙列圓柱滾子軸承。 圓錐孔雙列圓柱滾子軸承的內(nèi)圈和配合軸徑均為1:12圓錐,用圓螺母鎖緊軸承則使軸承在軸向產(chǎn)生一個(gè)位移并使軸承的內(nèi)圈膨脹,從而達(dá)到減少或消除軸承徑向游隙的目的。
優(yōu)點(diǎn):主軸精度較高。在主軸前端面φ230mm直徑上測(cè)量主軸的端面跳動(dòng)值為0.010mm。在主軸前端φ230mm外圓上測(cè)量主軸的徑向跳動(dòng)值為0.005mm。第二種結(jié)構(gòu)的主軸精度比第一種主軸精度提高50%左右。
缺點(diǎn): 主軸的加工工藝較復(fù)雜,主軸的裝配也需要有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人操作才能使主軸精度達(dá)到理想數(shù)值。
三、刀具進(jìn)給深度的控制
不同直徑的螺桿需要加工螺旋槽的深度也不同,螺旋槽的深度從幾十毫米到一百多毫米不等,刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)大約需要旋轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)刀幾千圈才能完成一個(gè)螺桿零件的加工。
由于刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)在刀具旋轉(zhuǎn)的同時(shí)還要完成進(jìn)刀動(dòng)作,所以一些在普通機(jī)床上常用的機(jī)械、電氣控制切深的方法都不適用于單螺桿加工機(jī)床。 單螺桿加工機(jī)床的刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)采用以下不同的方法都可以達(dá)到控制進(jìn)刀深度的目的。
第一種:摩擦離合器和電氣開(kāi)關(guān)控制刀具進(jìn)給深度 。
它的控制原理是刀具切深增大時(shí)刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)的負(fù)載扭距增大,使刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)鏈中的摩擦離合器打滑,一個(gè)機(jī)械連桿機(jī)構(gòu)觸發(fā)電氣開(kāi)關(guān)并發(fā)出聲、光信號(hào)提示操作者,此時(shí)操作者人工操作斷開(kāi)刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力。
優(yōu)點(diǎn):控制方法簡(jiǎn)單及零件加工和操作不受突然斷電的影響。
缺點(diǎn):加工不同直徑的螺桿需要調(diào)整摩擦離合器壓緊碟簧的預(yù)緊力。
由于每個(gè)螺桿材質(zhì)的密度、硬度存在細(xì)微差異及刀具鋒利程度也存在差異,因此使這種控制方法的精度不太準(zhǔn)確,可能導(dǎo)致螺桿螺旋槽的深度公差過(guò)大。
第二種:用電磁離合器、編碼器組合控制刀具進(jìn)給深度 ,刀具進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)中,裝有電磁離合器及一對(duì)用于檢測(cè)刀具轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)圈數(shù)的測(cè)速齒輪和一個(gè)編碼器。
結(jié)論:本文從四個(gè)方面介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有單螺桿加工機(jī)床的布局和結(jié)構(gòu),并把優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)一一列舉出來(lái),由于壓縮機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠的單螺桿加工機(jī)床和機(jī)床資料對(duì)外保密,以上介紹難免有片面、不妥之處,因此僅供單螺桿壓縮機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠參考。
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