夏利N3+兩廂轎車(chē)液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向器設(shè)計(jì)【輕型車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向器設(shè)計(jì)采用齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向器】,輕型車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向器設(shè)計(jì),采用齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向器,夏利N3+兩廂轎車(chē)液壓動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向器設(shè)計(jì)【輕型車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向器設(shè)計(jì),采用齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向器】,夏利,n3,兩廂,轎車(chē),液壓,動(dòng)力,轉(zhuǎn)向器,設(shè)計(jì),輕型車(chē),采用,采取,采納,齒輪 附 錄 Hyundai Motor on the stcering control of the request is lightweight,safe,reliable,and should have sufficient life. In order to meet these requirements,the design of the steering gear should have a reasonable transmission ratio characteristics,the correct gap cating together,a higher transmission efficiency,sufficient rigidiy and strength.If the steering gear in the design is reasonable,then the product is good and bad parts of the key issucs of manufacturing and assembly.How to control the quality of the product?The key problem is that a reasonable detection methods,the key to strictly control the passing rate of time,such products will be able to guarantee the quality of parts and components.First of all,the quality of shifting ASSY,should control the assenmbly and to ensure that turning the steering shaft torque and rotational axis and the transmission gap between components.Followed by testing the performance of steering gear,steering gear must also be adopted by all types of test-bed to verify the established angle transmission ratio,transmission efficiency,rotational torque,rigid.In addition to examination other than the above-mentioned steering performance,but also in the pilot stage of its life nuclear reliability and life expectancy that is static torsion test:a thin red hammer,hit test,fatigue life test.To determine whether the quality of the product in hand national standards.Noise from the steering angle repair cream,which is also a test method to detect and can learn from the J class machincry manufacturing industry in China “in the past only means to recognize the importance of detection,and the lack of”lack of testing and testing of the poor law awareness.So have some of the parts is a qualified products I materials,and assembly of products from the pilot test proved to be defective,or:The test can verify the quality of products and design for the steering gear (1) the accuracy of parts of the foot only, finish second,two-phase the location of the elite“Measuring the content of L steering shaft loaded journal bearings.Department feet inch accuracy and smoothness,anti-worm or worm-inch accuracy.smoothness and surface hardness and magnetic---for testing;steering vertical axis arm journal dimensional accuracy and smoothness, the worm wheel roller bearing of the journal center hole distance,wheel bearing and the journal” hole angle from the Chinese side,the block size,finish and degree of asymmetry；circulating ball tooth-type radial fan,big-law length,journal hardness,the magnetic;browser to Min Xuan cochlear aperture wheel size precision,smoothness,tooth surface roughness,intermediate thick teech,tooth,tooth degree of asymmetry; ball rolling circle diameter,smooth,cylindrical roller Road”degree of accuracy and bias,raccway adjacent pitch error,cumulative error section of grass lines and sub-racj section from Rolling Road Center,rack section Road center line and the roll of injustice;carburizing layer thickness,hardness’magnetic flaw detection;ahift steering shaft shell aperture,roughness,different degree of heart;shift towards vertical axis aperture arm flying finish,different degree of heart;chaos and stecring shaft steering arm hole down the center distance,steering shaft-hole axes and steering arm hole down the center line of the non-verticality. (2) parts of cleanliness.Detection of the site is turning-browser shell surface and the surface parts. Detection method is to use cleaning fluid to clean parts,and then the cleaning fluid with impurities,and vacuum membranc leaching;further 120 weeks of petrol industrial solvents the menbranc will be washed with inpurities.To be volatile after the membranc cleaning fluid,together with the impurities from weighing with the magne cellophane packets are sorted in the iron impurities said the weight of a scrap-iro, The iron filings and then 40 times on the microscope with a disability in most dogs measured particle size. (3)assembly of the leakage.. Does not allow any leakage of the phenomenon of steering.Because of internal lubricants in the steering gear is used to turn parts lubricated friction pair,and if as a result of damage caused by leakng seals,lubrication will be affected; resulting in increased friction and wear parts and reduce the life span of steering gera;transminssion efficiency at the same time will lower. The use of conventional vibration and temperature 40 under the conditions of inspection,the shell and shell cap shaft oil scal joints as well as whether the spill.,and water to observe whether there are leakages. (4) after a good tune stecring assembly should check the technical requirements flexible and comfortable when turning the steering wheel,there is no axial gap I turn the steering wheel of the total value of the number required to turn around a few cars in line with the original request. Steering gear shife, also known as machine,machine,machine direction.which is steering the most important parts. Its role ie to increase the spread to turn steering wheel and transmission mechanism to change the direction of power transfer. Hydraulic Steering Hydraulic steering vehicles are windely used in marine hydraulic steering and rudder.Drivers can be used through its ability to manipulate smaller shift power to achieve greater control and performance of safe,reliable,flexible manipulation,light. The manipulation of steering is hydraulic,that is in the steering column and steering wheel there is no mechanical connection between the steering gear is between the fuel tank and steering hydraulic pipes or hoses link. When turning the steering wheel,steering wheel rotation in accordance with the relative proportion of transport fuel,the fuel tank directly into the corresponding control side,while the other side of the oil back to tank. BZZ steering is a switch-type full-hydraulic steering valve with the following characteristics:the elimination of mechanical linkage device,the host can reduce costs,provide a reliable,lightweight structures,manipulation of a flexible lightweight,safe,reliable,and can be very small continuous torque stepless control of rotation, provided to the control loop,as well as a wide range of host size choice,able to shift and a variety of pumps and hydraulic supply system. Steering by the structure can be divided into many types.History,there have been many forms of steering,there is currently more commonly used rack and pinion,worm means crank pins,recycling the ball-rack fan gear type,recycling the ball crank pins means,such as worm-type wheel.The second,fourth,respectively, is the first,the third form of the deformation,and the worm wheel is even more rare type.If the form in accordance with assistance,but also can be divided into mechanical(no help),and power-style(with help) two types of power steering which can be divided into pressure and motivation,hydraulic-power, Electric power-type,electro-hydraulic power types of blocks.It is a rack and pinion of steering one of the most common.The basic structure is a pair of mutually meshing rack and pinon.Pinon steering drive shaft rotates, rack linear motion would be done. In some cases,directly driven by the rack cross-bar,you can make of steering wheel shift. So,this is one of the most simple steering. Its advantage is simple structure,low-cost,steering sensitivity,small size,can be directly cross-link.In widely used vehicle. It is a worm for the active parts,crank pin for the steering gear follower.Worm has a trapezoidal thread,referring to a finger-shaped pin with tapered bearings in the crank bearings,the crank shaft and the shift into one arm.Shifted through steering wheel rotating worm,helical worm embedded in the cone-shaped slot means the marketing side of the rotation,the crank shaft and the shift into one arm.Shifted through steering wheel rotating worm,helical worm embedded in the cone-shaped slot means the marketing side of the rotation,the side rocker shaft to do around the shifted are movement,thereby stimulating and steering crank arm swing down and then turning to make shift transmission wheel deflection.This steering is usually used to turn power on a larger truck. Circulating ball-type:This device is turned by the gear mechanism from the steering wheel to slow down the rotation of power,so that the rotation of steering wheel movement into rotary movement of the turbine worm,ball screw and nut holding the ball engagement,which Ball screw linear motion into rotary movement,with the fan-shaoed nut meshing gears,linear motion into rotary movement,with the fan-shaped nut meshing gears,linear motion into rotary movement,with the fan-shaped nut meshing gears,linear motion into rotary movement again to shake the rod arm,link arm moving again so that even the bar and cross bar to do a straight-line movement to change the wheels direction.This is a classical institutions,most modern cars no longer have to use,but the way was the latest by the application of power steering device.It is equivalent to the principle use of nuts and bolts in the rotation process of relative movement,and in between the thread and thrend the ball into the folder to reduce the resistance,all the ball,both connected in a closed loop of the spiral curve rolling ball club is named after the cycle. Hydraulic rack and pinion steering gear is relative to the case of rack and pinion steering gear machinery, mainly to increase the steering pump,steering oiler,steering pineline, steering valve,steering components,suan as fuel tanks,with a view to improve the pilot hand,the purpose of increasing power steering of the steering device.After 10 years of internal development,has become a mature R&D and manufacturing technology manufacturers have Yubei Koyo Steering Gear Co.Ltd.and other enterprises.With the rapid development of automobile industry,as well as for comfort,safety and continuous improvement in performance,steering systems are also changing with the advance of technology.For the time being,electric power steering systems is turning the forefront of the industry rescarch projects,in accordance with its distribution of the form of string can be divided into power,gear Power,power rack,power bar,the form of electro-hydraulic power. Ago in some sci-fi movies of the unmanned aircraft can occur,such as unmanned acrial vehicle is now a reality,steering systems are moving in the direction of the development of more advanced,such as rescarch and development from Japan JTEKT advanced by the steer-by-wire systems. In this paper,choice-bassed recycling the ball GX1608A gear-steering rack as a research topic,its main contents are: knowledge of automotive steering gear,ball-type steering gear cycle of the main paramenters and design choices.Design also includes the shift rocker shaft,involute spline,fan gear shaft and screw shaft design and verification.According to its own independent study completed by the steering shaft and screw shaft rocker design and verification,in other parts of the network,as well as through the school library to collect relevant information and fax to the future,in the papers have used information the mark. The design has been through a total of about 16 Chinese and foreign-related literature,and learn from the relevant parts of which the essence of the final design of the times.Because of its limited ability to learn and,I urge teachers and experts have pointed out that less than one. 中 文 現(xiàn)代汽車(chē)對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)向器的要求是操縱輕便，安全、可靠、，并應(yīng)具有足夠的使用壽命。為了滿(mǎn)足上述要求，在轉(zhuǎn)向器設(shè)計(jì)上應(yīng)具有合理的傳動(dòng)比特性，正確的啃合間隙，較高的傳動(dòng)效率，足夠的剛性和強(qiáng)度。如果轉(zhuǎn)向器再設(shè)計(jì)上是合理的，那么決定產(chǎn)品好壞的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題就是零部件的制造和裝配。如何控制產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量？關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題在于合理的檢測(cè)方法，嚴(yán)格控制裝配時(shí)控制并保證轉(zhuǎn)向軸的轉(zhuǎn)向力矩喝轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸與被傳動(dòng)部件之間的間隙。其次檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)向器的性能，還必須通過(guò)各類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)向器試驗(yàn)臺(tái)來(lái)驗(yàn)證力的角傳動(dòng)比、傳動(dòng)效率、轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)力矩、剛性。除考核上述轉(zhuǎn)向器性能指標(biāo)以外，還應(yīng)在，試驗(yàn)臺(tái)上壽核它的可靠性和壽命即靜扭試驗(yàn)：薄捶沖擊試驗(yàn)、疲勞壽命試驗(yàn)?？梢源_定產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量是否符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。從轉(zhuǎn)向器修理的角度來(lái)看，這些檢測(cè)和試驗(yàn)方法也是可以借鑒的。在我國(guó)機(jī)械制造業(yè)中，過(guò)去僅僅認(rèn)識(shí)到檢測(cè)手段的重要性，而缺乏對(duì)試驗(yàn)喝試驗(yàn)方法的認(rèn)識(shí)。所以造成一些產(chǎn)品的零件是合格品，而裝配出來(lái)的產(chǎn)品通過(guò)檢驗(yàn)或者試驗(yàn)證明是次品：通過(guò)試驗(yàn)可以驗(yàn)證產(chǎn)品的好壞，并可以為轉(zhuǎn)向器設(shè)計(jì)（1）零件的尺寸精度、光潔度二相二是位置精度檢測(cè)內(nèi)容1.?轉(zhuǎn)向器軸裝軸承處的軸頸尺寸精度和光潔度，蝸桿或蝸桿的反寸精度、光潔度和表面硬度與磁為探傷：?轉(zhuǎn)向器垂臂軸軸頸尺寸精度和光潔度，蝸桿滾輪式的滾輪軸承孔到軸頸中心的距離，滾輪軸承孔與軸頸中必夾角，凱開(kāi)擋尺寸，光潔度和不對(duì)稱(chēng)度：?循環(huán)球式的扇齒徑向跳動(dòng)，大端公法線長(zhǎng)度，軸頸硬度，磁力探傷：④轉(zhuǎn)向器蝸桿滾輪的孔徑尺寸精度、光潔度、齒面光潔度、中間齒齒厚、齒形、齒形不對(duì)稱(chēng)度：⑤循環(huán)球式滾道直徑、光潔度，滾道圓柱準(zhǔn)確度及偏差、滾道相鄰節(jié)距誤差、節(jié)距積累誤差子齒條節(jié)線與滾道中心距，齒條節(jié)線與滾道中心的不平行度:⑥滲碳層厚度、硬度：磁力探傷：⑦轉(zhuǎn)向器殼轉(zhuǎn)向軸孔徑，光潔度、不同心度：⑧轉(zhuǎn)向軸轉(zhuǎn)向垂臂孔徑飛光潔度、不同心度：⑨轉(zhuǎn)向軸與轉(zhuǎn)向垂臂孔中心距，轉(zhuǎn)向軸孔與轉(zhuǎn)向垂臂孔中心線的不垂直度。（2）零件的清潔度。檢測(cè)部位是轉(zhuǎn)向器殼內(nèi)表面及零件表面。檢測(cè)方法是將零件用清洗液清洗，然后將帶有雜質(zhì)的清洗液用濾膜進(jìn)行真空抽濾：再用120號(hào)工業(yè)溶劑汽油將帶有雜質(zhì)的濾膜清洗凈。待清洗液被揮發(fā)后將濾膜連同雜質(zhì)一起稱(chēng)重，用包有玻璃紙的磁鐵分揀雜志中的鐵屑，稱(chēng)得鐵屑重量。然后將鐵屑放在40倍以上的顯微鏡上測(cè)出最大顆粒尺寸（長(zhǎng)×寬）。（3）總成的滲漏。轉(zhuǎn)向器不允許有滲漏現(xiàn)象。因?yàn)樵谵D(zhuǎn)向器內(nèi)部的潤(rùn)滑油是用來(lái)潤(rùn)滑轉(zhuǎn)向部件摩擦副的，如果由于密封件損壞造成滲漏，就會(huì)影響潤(rùn)滑，從而導(dǎo)致摩擦零件加劇磨損，降低轉(zhuǎn)向器壽命：同時(shí)傳動(dòng)效率與會(huì)降低。利用常用規(guī)震動(dòng)和+40°C加溫條件下檢查殼體和殼蓋接合面處以及轉(zhuǎn)向油封處是否漏油，同時(shí)浸水，觀察是否滲水現(xiàn)象。（4）轉(zhuǎn)向器調(diào)好后應(yīng)檢查總成的技術(shù)要求時(shí)方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)靈活自如，沒(méi)有軸間間隙Ι方向盤(pán)的總轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)符合規(guī)定值，向左右的轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)也符合原車(chē)要求。 轉(zhuǎn)向器又名轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)、方向機(jī)，它是轉(zhuǎn)向系中最重要的部件。它的作用是：增大轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)傳到轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的力和改變力的傳遞方向。 全液壓轉(zhuǎn)向器 全液壓轉(zhuǎn)向器廣泛應(yīng)用于車(chē)輛轉(zhuǎn)向和船舶液壓舵。駕駛?cè)藛T通過(guò)它可以用較小的操縱力實(shí)現(xiàn)較大的轉(zhuǎn)向力控制，并且在性能上安全、可靠、操縱上靈活、輕便。 轉(zhuǎn)向器的操縱是全液壓式，也就是說(shuō)在轉(zhuǎn)向柱喝轉(zhuǎn)向輪之間沒(méi)有機(jī)械連接，再轉(zhuǎn)向器與轉(zhuǎn)向油缸之間是液壓管或軟管鏈接。 當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)方向盤(pán)，轉(zhuǎn)向器根據(jù)方向盤(pán)傳動(dòng)比例輸送相對(duì)的油量，該油量直接流到操縱缸相應(yīng)一側(cè)，同時(shí)另一側(cè)的油量回到油箱。 BZZ轉(zhuǎn)向器是一種轉(zhuǎn)閥式全液壓轉(zhuǎn)向器，具有以下特點(diǎn)：消除機(jī)械式聯(lián)動(dòng)裝置，可以降低主機(jī)成本，提供可靠輕便的結(jié)構(gòu)操縱靈活輕便，安全可靠，可以很小的力矩進(jìn)行連續(xù)無(wú)級(jí)控制轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，提供給控制回路以及主機(jī)尺寸廣泛的選擇面，能和多種轉(zhuǎn)向油泵及液壓供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)連接。 轉(zhuǎn)向器按結(jié)構(gòu)形式可分為多種類(lèi)型。歷史上曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)許多種形式的轉(zhuǎn)向器，目前較常用的有齒輪齒條式、蝸桿曲柄指銷(xiāo)式、循環(huán)球-齒條齒扇式、循環(huán)球曲柄指銷(xiāo)式、蝸桿滾輪式等。其中第二、第四種分別是第一、第三種的變形形式、而蝸桿滾輪式則更少見(jiàn)。如果按照助力形式，又可分為機(jī)械式（無(wú)助力）和動(dòng)力式（有助力）兩種，其中動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)向器又可分為氣壓動(dòng)力是、液壓動(dòng)力式、電動(dòng)助力式，電液助力式等種類(lèi)。1）齒輪齒條式 它是一種最常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)向器。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是一對(duì)相互嚙合的小齒輪和齒條。轉(zhuǎn)向軸帶動(dòng)小齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，齒條便做直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。有時(shí)，靠齒條來(lái)直接帶動(dòng)橫拉桿，就可以使轉(zhuǎn)向輪轉(zhuǎn)向。所以這是一種最簡(jiǎn)單的轉(zhuǎn)向器。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，成本低廉，轉(zhuǎn)向靈活，體積小，可以直接帶動(dòng)橫拉桿。在汽車(chē)上得到廣泛應(yīng)用。 2） 它是以蝸桿為主動(dòng)件，曲柄銷(xiāo)為從動(dòng)件的轉(zhuǎn)向器。蝸桿具有梯形螺紋，手指狀的錐形指銷(xiāo)用軸承支撐在曲柄上，曲柄與轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂軸成一體。轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)，通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)蝸桿、嵌于蝸桿螺旋槽中的錐形指銷(xiāo)一邊自傳，一邊繞轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂軸做圓弧運(yùn)動(dòng)，從而帶動(dòng)指銷(xiāo)和轉(zhuǎn)向垂臂擺動(dòng)，再通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)使轉(zhuǎn)向輪偏轉(zhuǎn)。這種轉(zhuǎn)向器通常用于轉(zhuǎn)向力較大的載貨汽車(chē)上。 3） 循環(huán)球式：這種轉(zhuǎn)向裝置是由齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)將來(lái)自轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)的旋轉(zhuǎn)力進(jìn)行減速，使轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)變?yōu)槲仐U的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，滾珠螺桿和螺母夾著鋼球嚙合，因而滾珠螺桿的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)變?yōu)橹本€運(yùn)動(dòng)，螺母再與扇形齒輪嚙合，直線運(yùn)動(dòng)再次變?yōu)樾D(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，使連桿臂搖動(dòng)，連桿臂再使連動(dòng)拉桿和橫拉桿做直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，改變車(chē)輪方向。這是一種古典的機(jī)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)代轎車(chē)已大多不再使用，但又被最新方式的助力轉(zhuǎn)向裝置所應(yīng)用。它的原理相當(dāng)于利用了螺母與螺栓在旋轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的相對(duì)移動(dòng)，而在螺紋與螺紋之間夾入了鋼球以減小阻力，所有鋼球一個(gè)首尾相連的封閉的螺旋曲線內(nèi)循環(huán)滾動(dòng)，循環(huán)球式故而得名。 齒輪齒條液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向器，是相對(duì)于齒輪齒條機(jī)械轉(zhuǎn)向器而言的，主要增加了轉(zhuǎn)向油泵、轉(zhuǎn)向油壺、轉(zhuǎn)向油管、轉(zhuǎn)向閥、轉(zhuǎn)向油缸等部件，以期達(dá)到改善駕駛員手感，增加轉(zhuǎn)向助力的目的的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)裝置。國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)過(guò)10多年來(lái)的發(fā)展，已經(jīng)形成 成熟的研發(fā)和制造技術(shù)的廠家有豫北光洋轉(zhuǎn)向器有限公司等企業(yè)。 隨著汽車(chē)工業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展以及人們對(duì)于舒適、安全性能要求的不斷提高，轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)也隨著科技的發(fā)展日新月異。就目前而言，電動(dòng)助力轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)是轉(zhuǎn)向行業(yè)前沿研究項(xiàng)目，按照其布局形式，可分為管柱助力、齒輪助力、齒條助力、拉桿助力、電液助力等形式。以前在一些科幻電影中才能出現(xiàn)的無(wú)人飛機(jī)、無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)等現(xiàn)象，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)也在朝著更加先進(jìn)的方向發(fā)展，比如由日本JTEKT研發(fā)出來(lái)的先進(jìn)線控轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)等。 本文選擇夏利N3齒輪齒條式液壓助力轉(zhuǎn)向器作為研究課題，其主要內(nèi)容有：汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向器的相關(guān)知識(shí)，齒輪齒條式轉(zhuǎn)向器主要參數(shù)選擇及其設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)部分還包括液壓動(dòng)力缸，轉(zhuǎn)向操縱機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)與校核。根據(jù)自身所學(xué)獨(dú)立完成了齒輪齒條式設(shè)計(jì)與校核，其他部分是通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及學(xué)校圖書(shū)管的搜集相關(guān)資料和圖文以后做出的。 9