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1、 前 言 名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞以及它們的短語是各地高考中的熱點(diǎn),其中以動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語為最。這些雖屬語法范疇,但又似乎沒有多少規(guī)律可循。因此我們更應(yīng)該把這些知識(shí)放到課文復(fù)習(xí)中去,在課文復(fù)習(xí)中來整理、歸納和比較,以求達(dá)到鞏固基礎(chǔ),靈活運(yùn)用的目的。此處只是借高考試卷來分析一下我們在復(fù)習(xí)過程中應(yīng)側(cè)重些什么,應(yīng)注意些什么。至于這些知識(shí)應(yīng)復(fù)習(xí)到什么度,那就該應(yīng)人而宜了。 動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語考點(diǎn) 1、系動(dòng)詞的比較;2、動(dòng)詞的及物與不及物;短暫性與持續(xù)性;3、意思相同或相近的動(dòng)詞比較;4、同一動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不同詞組的用法比較;5、意思相同或相近的動(dòng)詞短語的比較。 1、系動(dòng)詞的用法比較考題點(diǎn)擊:1) Happ
2、y birthday, Alice! So you have _ twenty-one already! (04天津) A become B turned C grown D passed2) On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale. (04湖北) Agot Bchanged Cwent Dappeared Bbecome 強(qiáng)調(diào)變化過后的持續(xù)性;turn 表示從某種狀態(tài)向其對(duì)應(yīng)狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化的自然現(xiàn)象,其后接名詞不用冠詞; go 往往表示情況變壞或惡化; fall 表示一下子進(jìn)入一種狀態(tài) fall asleep
3、 / ill / silent;come 表示向好的方面轉(zhuǎn)化; get 強(qiáng)調(diào)造成事件的施動(dòng)者發(fā)揮的作用或變化的結(jié)果;C 2、及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞考題點(diǎn)擊 Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days. (03全國卷) Abe stayed Bstay Cbe staying Dhave stayedB該句中的 stay 是系動(dòng)詞,其后加 fresh 作表語,所以沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。stay 是表示狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞,一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。英語中有許多動(dòng)詞都有多重詞性,如:sell,用作“銷售”用時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞,用作“
4、銷路”用時(shí)為不及物動(dòng)詞;feel,用作“摸索”解時(shí)為及物動(dòng)詞,用作“摸上去怎么樣”解時(shí)為系動(dòng)詞。所以復(fù)習(xí)中需要注意動(dòng)詞的詞性變化。 3、意思相同或相近的動(dòng)詞的比較考題點(diǎn)擊 1. - Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it? - Oh, really! I havent _ my mailbox yet. (05天津) A. examined B. reviewed C. tested D. checked2. In our childhood, we were often _ by Grandma t
5、o pay attention to our table manners. (05江蘇卷) A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped 3. - Ow! Ive burnt myself! How did you do that? - I _ a hot pot. (05浙江卷)(A) Atouched Bkept Cfelt DheldD BB 以上三道題中比較的都是我們常見的動(dòng)詞,象第一題中的 examine; check; test,第三題中的 touch; feel; hold。有時(shí)還需考慮到固定搭配,如:He is such a man w
6、ho is always _ fault with other people. (05安徽卷)A. putting B. seeking C. finding D. looking for C該題中 “find fault with sb.” 為固定短語,意為“抱怨別人、挑剔”。在做動(dòng)詞題時(shí),需要讀懂句子的意思,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),善于發(fā)現(xiàn)習(xí)慣用語和固定短語。 4. 動(dòng)詞短語的用法比較考題點(diǎn)擊1、The Internet has brought _ big changes in the way we work. (05北京春季)A. about B. out C. back D. up 2、Kath
7、y_ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls. (05安徽卷) A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up 第一題的考點(diǎn)是同一動(dòng)詞與不同的介詞和副詞的搭配,第二題的考點(diǎn)是同一個(gè)副詞與不同的動(dòng)詞的搭配。且這些短語都是大家非常熟悉的。AA 5、意思相同或相近的動(dòng)詞短語的比較考題點(diǎn)擊:1、The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes. (05浙江卷) Abringing up Breferring to Clooking for Dtrying on2、What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has _? (05山東卷) A. given out B. put out C. held up D. used up第一題只需要正確理解句意就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)答案。第二題的干擾項(xiàng)是D,但 use up 需用被動(dòng)。give out 表示“ 用盡了”,相當(dāng)于 run out。A B