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1、第3課時(shí)字斟句酌駕馭推理判斷類題目 怎么考推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的某個(gè)句子、段落或全文所提供的事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到的或者沒有明說的事實(shí)或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)。旨在考查考生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。這類試題包括很多種，但主要考查推斷隱含意義、推斷目標(biāo)、推斷寫作意圖、推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度等，其中重點(diǎn)是推斷隱含意義。這類試題的題干中常含有infer(推斷)，learn about(知道)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，conclude(推斷)，indicate(暗示)等詞語。 怎么學(xué)在平時(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中努力使自己融入到作者的思想中，根據(jù)作者的邏輯思路

2、去讀，去理解，不妨在平時(shí)閱讀文章時(shí)先遮掉某些段落，然后考慮之后可能會(huì)發(fā)生什么，然后再去驗(yàn)證。練習(xí)久了，一定能提升預(yù)測(cè)能力，化被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)。 怎么解解答推理判斷題要以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到依據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息進(jìn)行多步推理。考生解題時(shí)通常需要透過文字的表層意思，在全文的背景下理解文章的深層含義。同時(shí)要求考生不僅要讀懂所涉及內(nèi)容的每個(gè)句子的意思，還要推斷出它們之間的關(guān)系，再結(jié)合自己的生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，通過邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章的深層含義。推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時(shí)考生務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推斷的依據(jù)，即已知部

3、分推理的前提，從中推斷出未知部分推理的結(jié)論，切忌妄加評(píng)論，把自己的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)成作者的觀點(diǎn)。 解答這類題的一般步驟是：1.定位信息：通過尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)。2.字面理解：理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意義。3.深層理解：結(jié)合語境和常識(shí)，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。 【典例剖析1】體裁：記敘文話題：女性人物詞數(shù)：285時(shí)間：6(2016全國卷，A)You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed be

4、low，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社區(qū))by creating shelters and promoting education a

5、nd services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson(1907-1964)If it werent for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the

6、 harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans. Sandra Day OConnor(1930-present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(參議員)and，in

7、1981，the first woman to join the U.S.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in p

8、rison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，”said Parks.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文，屬于人物傳記。介紹了近一百年來涌現(xiàn)出來的四位杰出的女性。 1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her lack of

9、proper training in law.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.答案A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段第一句的意思是，任何一位得到過幫助的人都要感謝Jane Addams。由此可知，Jane Addams以a social worker的身份幫助了他人。故答案為A。 2.What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experi

10、ence in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.答案C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“.she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.”可知，由于OConnor是女性，而未能在法律事務(wù)所找到工作。由此可以推斷這是對(duì)婦女的歧視。因此答案只能選C。 3.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?A.Jane Addams.

11、 B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day OConnor. D.Rosa Parks.答案D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以迅速將答案鎖定在文章最后一段，根據(jù)“Her simple act landed Parks in prison.and kicked off the civil rights movement.”所提供的信息可知，Parks為國內(nèi)的人權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)做出了極大貢獻(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。 4.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.B.They are trul

12、y creative.C.They are pioneers.D.They are peace-lovers.答案C推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文對(duì)四位婦女的介紹可知，她們?cè)诟髯缘念I(lǐng)域所做出的貢獻(xiàn)開創(chuàng)了歷史的新局面，起著帶頭人的作用。因此答案為C。此外，由文中出現(xiàn)兩次的the first woman也可推斷答案。 【典例剖析2】體裁：記敘文話題：人生百態(tài)詞數(shù)：290時(shí)間：6(2015全國卷，A)My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago beca

13、use I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so bea

14、utifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately，I didnt got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static (靜電) noise.For some reason，when c

15、ertain shows switched into a commercial，a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually，this noise began to appear during a show，and to get rid of it，I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work，and I had to pick up the set and shake it to r

16、emove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set. When neither of these methods removed the static noise，I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist，and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop

17、 cost me $62，and the set is working well now，but I keep expecting more trouble.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者用幽默詼諧的筆調(diào)向我們講述了他購買的一臺(tái)電視機(jī)所帶來的一系列煩惱的故事。 5.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldnt return it when it was broken.C.He could have bou

18、ght it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.答案 C推理判斷題。根據(jù)“.newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.”可知，作者是在一天后看到自己所購買的電視機(jī)降了75美元才感覺自己上當(dāng)受騙了。由此可知他本可以以更低的價(jià)格購買這臺(tái)電視機(jī)的。因此C項(xiàng)正確。 6.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in

19、Paragraph 1?A.ended all their programsB.provided fewer channelsC.changed to commercialsD.showed all-night movies答案 A詞義猜測(cè)題。由下一句的內(nèi)容可知，我沒有徹夜播放電影的頻道，不然就無法睡覺了。據(jù)此可以推斷作者一直看到一天的節(jié)目結(jié)束為止。故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。 7.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?A.By shaking and hitting it.B.By turning it on and off.C

20、.By switching channels.D.By having it repaired.答案D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由短文最后“My trip to the repair shop cost me $62.”一句可知，作者把電視機(jī)送到維修店請(qǐng)人修理。 8. How does the author sound when telling the story?A.Curious. B.Anxious.C.Cautious. D.Humorous.答案D推理判斷題。縱覽全文，尤其是第二段末句“I actually began to build up my arm muscles，shaking my set.”(通過搖晃電視機(jī)，我手臂的肌肉增強(qiáng)了不少)，字里行間流露出作者幽默調(diào)侃的語氣。因此答案為D。