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1、 born: in Poland in 1473 died : May 24, 1543 He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it. Nine Planets In the Solar System Showing Copernicus theory A diag

2、ram showing the solar system with the earth at its centre A diagram showing the solar system with the sun at its centre Before Copernicus theory Careful reading Read the text carefully, then answer these questions (1)What did Copernicus believed is the centre of the solar system(2) What did the Chri

3、stian Church believe was the centre of the earth? The sun.The earth. Which one is right? (3) When did Copernicus complete his theory? (Para 3)Between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete. ( 4 ) After how many years did he publish his new theory?

4、 ( 5) why did he publish it so late?After 29years he published it as he lay dying.His theory was against Gods idea, and the powerful Christian Church would have punished him if he put forward such an idea. As a scientist, one should be brave. But Copernicus was afraid of being attacked by the Christ

5、ian Church. So he had hidden his theory for so many years. What do you think of this? Agree:1.He was cautious. if he had published his ideas, he would have been killed just as Bruno who was burned to death because his theory was against the Christian Church.2.Every time when a new idea appears, ther

6、e are always rejections. Its normal. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth.3.It made no sense for him to publish his theory in a hurry.He was just cautious not coward. He should protect himself first. Disagree:1.Copernicus was very coward. He should speak out his discovery and let th

7、e world know the truth earlier.2.Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs.3.As a scientist, you must have the courage to publish your findings. No matter how people oppose them, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong. Write a short letter asking Copernicus t

8、o publish his ideas so everyone can read them.Write a short letter asking Copernicus (not) to publish his ideas so everyone can read them One possible version:Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope

9、you will publish it for several reasons.I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the center of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theor

10、y. Yours sincerely, Lin QiI know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. N

11、o matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory. One possible version:Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope yo

12、u will publish it for several reasons.I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the center of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory.

13、 Beginning: Tell Copernicus who you are and why you want him to publish his ideasParagraph 1: Reason 1 and evidence Yours sincerely, Lin QiI know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless pe

14、ople have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory.Paragraph 2: Reason 1 and idenceSumming up: Ask him

15、to think again about publishing his ideas 1.Finish your letter after class.2. Revise the words and language points in this unit.3. Finish “Summing up”. 1)表 示 對(duì) 過 去 的 某 種 情 況 進(jìn) 行 猜 測(cè) , 或 本 來 要 做 某 事 卻 因 某 種 原 因 未 做 成 ,通 常 用 來 說 明 某 一 情 況 ， 但 不 象should或 ought to 那 樣 含 有 責(zé) 備 之意 。 如 ： Yet he could not t

16、ell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. After the exam, he thought he _ harder and should not have spend a lot of time playing computer games.neednt have + 過 去 分 詞 ， 表 示 做 了 不 必做 的 事 ， 相 當(dāng) 于 ， 譯 為 “ 其 實(shí) 沒 必 要 ”should have

17、 + 過 去 分 詞 ， 表 示 應(yīng) 該 做 某 事但 實(shí) 際 上 未 做 ， 譯 為 “ 本 應(yīng) 該 ”should not have + 過 去 分 詞 ， 表 示 本 不 應(yīng) 該 做 某 事 但 實(shí) 際 上 做 了 ， 譯 為 “ 本 不 應(yīng)該 ” 2) 相 關(guān) 知 識(shí) 總 結(jié) ：A should work B should have worked C could work D could have worked lead to 導(dǎo) 致 ， 通 向 1.All roads lead to Rome. 2.The discovery of new evidence led to _. A.

18、 the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught條 條 大 道 通 羅 馬C Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky .=The movements of the other planets in the sky make sense only if you put the sun there. eg. 1） Only if your

19、identity has been checked, _. A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed inD“Only + 副 詞 /介 詞 短 語(yǔ) /狀 語(yǔ) 從 句 ” 位 于 句 首 ,主 句 要 部 分 倒 裝 ， 即 把 助 動(dòng) 詞 、 be動(dòng) 詞 和 情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 提 前 放 在 主 句 主 語(yǔ) 的 前 面 。 2） Only then did I realize the importance of knowledge. 3） Only in

20、 this way can we work out the maths problem. makesense 她 感 到 害 怕 . 直 到 那 時(shí) 她 感 到 害 怕 。 She was frightened. Be動(dòng) 詞 Only then _. ( frighten) Be動(dòng) 詞 提 前 放 在 主 語(yǔ) 的 前 面 。 你 能 用 這 種 方 法 提 高 你 的 英 語(yǔ) 。 只 有 通 過 這 種 方 式你 才 能 提 高 你 的 英 語(yǔ) 。 You can improve your in this way.情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 Only in this way _ your English.

21、 情態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞 提 前 放 在 主 語(yǔ) 的 前 面 。 他 已 經(jīng) 理 解 父 母 了 。 直 到 他 要 做 爸 爸 之 前 他 理 解 父 母 了 He had understood his parents. 助 動(dòng) 詞 Only before he became a father _ his parents.助 動(dòng) 詞 提 前 放 在 主 語(yǔ) 的 前 面 。 was she frightenedcan you improvehad he understood make sense 有 意 義 ， 有 道 理 ， 說 得 通 1） What you say makes no sense.

22、2) It would make sense to leave early. 3) Can you make sense of this poem?你 說 的 話 沒 有 道 理還 是 早 點(diǎn) 走 好 。 （ 是 明 智 的 ， 合 理 的 ）你 看 得 懂 這 首 詩(shī) 嗎 ？ （ 理 解 或 弄 懂 ） . work on 從 事She is working on a new novel.(= She is writing a new novel.) . enthusiastic: having or demonstrating enthusiasm adj. 熱 心 的 ， 滿 腔 熱 情

23、 的 enthusiastic support 熱 情 的 支 持 be enthusiastic about 對(duì) 某 事 充 滿 熱 情 寫 作 專 項(xiàng) 探 究 之 勸 說 信 勸 說 信 以 書 信 的 形 式 勸 說 收 信 人 接 受 或 放 棄 某 一 種 想 法 、 觀 點(diǎn) 、提 議 或 行 動(dòng) ， 有 時(shí) 還 提 出 自 己 的 建 議 并 讓 對(duì) 方 采 取 進(jìn) 一 步 的 行 動(dòng) 【 常 用 句 型 】 Im writing to persuade you to. 我 寫 信 是 要 勸 你 。 。 。 I am writing to express my views con

24、cerning 我 寫 信 來 是 要 表 達(dá) 我 關(guān) 于 。 。 。 的 想 法 If I were you, I would. 如 果 我 是 你 ， 我 會(huì) 。 。 。 It seems to me that you could 我 認(rèn) 為 你 可 以 。 。 。 First of all, I think it would be better if . 首 先 ， 我 想 如 果 你 能 。 。 會(huì) 更 好 I think it would be more beneficial if you could 我 想 如 果 你 能 。 。 會(huì) 更 有 利 。 。 。 I believe y

25、ou will take my advice into consideration. 我 相 信 你 會(huì) 考 慮 我 的 建 議 的 。 I hope you will find these suggestions/ proposals practical/useful/ helpful. 我 希 望 你 覺 得 這 些 建 議 /提 議 有 用 /有 幫 助 。 I will be more happy to see improvements in this aspect. 如 果 這 方 面 有 所 改 善 我 會(huì) 非 常 開 心 的 。 I will be ready for furth

26、er discussing this matter into details. 我 很 愿 意 就 此 事 進(jìn) 行 更 詳 盡 的 討 論 。 【 寫 作 模 板 】 Dear _, Im writing to persuade you to _. First of all, I think it would be better if _. Secondly, _. Last but not least, _. I do hope you can take my suggestion into consideration and make a final decision. Look forw

27、ard to your reply. Yours, _ 學(xué) 校 領(lǐng) 導(dǎo) 和 老 師 因 為 擔(dān) 心 同 學(xué) 們 瀏 覽 不 健 康 網(wǎng) 站 ， 關(guān) 閉了 教 室 里 的 電 腦 網(wǎng) 絡(luò) 瀏 覽 功 能 ， 學(xué) 生 都 很 難 過 。 假 如 你是 李 華 ， 給 校 長(zhǎng) 寫 一 封 信 ， 勸 說 校 長(zhǎng) 同 意 開 通 電 教 室 里的 網(wǎng) 絡(luò) 。 注 意 ： 1 信 中 要 包 括 下 表 中 的 所 有 內(nèi) 容 ； 2 詞 數(shù) ： 120左 右 ； 信 的 開 頭 和 結(jié) 尾 已 給 出 ， 但 不 計(jì) 入 總 詞 數(shù) 。事 由 教 室 里 的 電 腦 不 能 上 網(wǎng) ， 建 議 學(xué) 校

28、 開 通原 因 1 有 利 于 查 找 資 料 ；2 瀏 覽 新 聞 ， 了 解 信 息3 作 為 高 中 生 ， 我 們 正 在 形 成 自 己 的 判 斷 力 Dear headmaster, Im writing to persuade you to let us surf the Internet in the classroom. _ _ Look forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua Im writing to persuade you to let us surf the Internet in the classroom. We know t

29、hat we may be exposed to unhealthy website. Actually every coin has two sides. We still think that surfing the Internet can bring us more advantages. First of all, I think it would be better if we could surf the Internet, because there is a wide range of learning resources on the Internet. We should

30、 make use of it. Furthermore, we can broaden our horizons by reading various news online. Last but not least, as high school students, we are building up our sense of judgment. Given chances, we are sure that we will learn to stay away from unhealthy websites. I do hope you can take my suggestions into consideration, and make a final decision. Look forward to your reply.