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1、專題八　短文改錯(cuò) 探考情 悟真題 【考情探究】 卷名 體裁 題材 考點(diǎn) 動(dòng)詞 名詞、 數(shù)詞 連詞 形容詞 副詞 代詞 冠詞 介詞 2019 課標(biāo) 全國(guó)Ⅰ 記敘文 學(xué)校生活 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 0 2018 記敘文 家庭生活 2 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 2017 記敘文 社會(huì)生活 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2016 記敘文 個(gè)人生活 2 1 2 0 2 1 1 1 2015 記敘文 個(gè)人生活 3 1 1 2 0 1 2 1 合計(jì)

2、 10 7 7 6 7 5 6 5 2019 課標(biāo) 全國(guó)Ⅱ 記敘文 個(gè)人生活 1 2 1 3 2 0 0 1 2018 記敘文 家庭生活 4 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 2017 記敘文 個(gè)人生活 3 2 0 1 2 2 1 0 2016 記敘文 個(gè)人生活 4 1 1 0 0 3 1 0 2015 記敘文 社會(huì)生活 3 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 合計(jì) 15 8 4 4 6 7 4 3 2019 課標(biāo) 全國(guó)Ⅲ 記敘文 個(gè)人生活 4 1

3、 0 1 0 2 1 1 2018 記敘文 學(xué)校生活 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 2017 記敘文 個(gè)人生活 4 0 1 2 0 3 1 0 2016 記敘文 個(gè)人生活 2 1 0 2 1 2 1 1 合計(jì) 14 3 3 6 2 8 4 2 分析解讀 高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)涉及詞匯、語(yǔ)法、句型結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的知識(shí)和邏輯情理的推斷和綜合辨析,是一種在較高層次上考查考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的掌握和語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力的測(cè)試題型。五年高考課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷短文改錯(cuò)的體裁以記敘文為主,題材以考生所熟悉的個(gè)人生活、學(xué)校生活為主

4、。錯(cuò)誤處均為考生平時(shí)寫作中常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。試題大多是加詞1個(gè),刪詞1個(gè),改正8個(gè)。 1.五年高考課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷短文改錯(cuò)對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查占相當(dāng)大比例,其中包括:①時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的錯(cuò)用;②過(guò)去分詞與過(guò)去式的混用;③一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需加“-s”的用法;④情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后需加動(dòng)詞原形而非過(guò)去式;⑤虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考查主要集中在表示“命令、建議、請(qǐng)求、要求”的動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,且should可以省略;⑥非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ),且在考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)主要考查介詞后需用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 2.對(duì)名詞、代詞的考查也是五年高考課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷短文改錯(cuò)的重點(diǎn)之一。其中包括:①名詞單

5、、復(fù)數(shù)的混用;②名詞所有格的錯(cuò)用;③名詞構(gòu)詞法;④不按照上下文邏輯導(dǎo)致人稱代詞、物主代詞的誤用;⑤不按照語(yǔ)法規(guī)則導(dǎo)致主格、賓格、所有格的誤用;⑥反身代詞的濫用;⑦易混代詞的誤用,如both與all,another與other等。 3.對(duì)形容詞、副詞的考查是五年高考課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷短文改錯(cuò)的重點(diǎn)之一。其中包括:①形容詞、副詞的混用;②形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)用法的誤用;③易混形容詞、副詞的誤用,如many與much,ago與before,somewhere與everywhere等;④形容詞、副詞構(gòu)詞法。 4.冠詞也是五年高考課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷短文改錯(cuò)的必考內(nèi)容,其中包括:①冠詞的基本用法;②冠詞的習(xí)慣用法。

6、 5.連詞、介詞是五年高考課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷短文改錯(cuò)的難點(diǎn),其中包括:①for, in, with, by, on, of等常用介詞的用法;②并列連詞and, but, or, so的用法;③名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞;④引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞與并列連詞的混用。 6.未來(lái)高考課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷短文改錯(cuò)仍會(huì)以實(shí)詞為主、虛詞為輔,句子結(jié)構(gòu)可能會(huì)由以簡(jiǎn)單句為主逐漸過(guò)渡到以復(fù)合句為主。 【真題探秘】 ①考查形容詞。句意:由于一個(gè)小的事故,我對(duì)踢足球變得感興趣了。interested感興趣的,interesting有趣的。 ②考查定語(yǔ)從句。

7、此處表示時(shí)間,故用when引導(dǎo)。 ③考查冠詞。football是可數(shù)名詞,此處表示泛指,又因?yàn)閒ootball以輔音音素開(kāi)頭,故在football前加不定冠詞a。 ④考查連詞。句意:突然一個(gè)足球正好落在我的面前,并且差點(diǎn)打中我。fell和hit兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是并列關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以要將but改為and。 ⑤考查副詞。此處表達(dá)的意思是“用力地”,即用力地把球踢回到操場(chǎng)上,而非“幾乎不”,故將副詞hardly改為hard。 ⑥考查名詞。句意:讓所有人驚訝的是,球入網(wǎng)了。to one’s surprise為固定短語(yǔ),意為:使某人驚訝的是。故將surprising改為surprise。 ⑦考查

8、名詞復(fù)數(shù)。操場(chǎng)上所有足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員都大聲歡呼起來(lái)。根據(jù)all可知player要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ⑧考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處應(yīng)該是v.-ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ),say與players在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以要用saying。 ⑨考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意:從那時(shí)起,放學(xué)后我就開(kāi)始和我們班的同學(xué)們踢足球了。from then on從那時(shí)起;from now on從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境要將now改為then。 ⑩考查固定短語(yǔ)。play football為固定短語(yǔ),意為:踢足球。 解題原則:1.規(guī)范性原則:按照規(guī)定的符號(hào)改錯(cuò) 2.四不改原則:詞序不改;大小寫不改;標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改;單詞拼寫不改 3.五改動(dòng)原則:忠實(shí)原

9、文;一對(duì)一原則;改動(dòng)最少原則;實(shí)詞以改變形式為主;虛詞以添加或刪除為主 4.六個(gè)一致:語(yǔ)義一致;主謂一致;時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)一致;代詞指代一致;名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一致;平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的一致 【五年高考】 A組　統(tǒng)一命題·課標(biāo)卷題組 Proofreading 1(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ) Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the f

10、ive grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after

11、 seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. 答案　 　　Since I was a kid,I’ve considered different ①jobjobs I would like to do.First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so ②coollycool. Then, when I was in the ③fivefifth grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I

12、liked my English teacher ④toovery/so much.When I studied chemistry ⑤∧in/at high school, I reconsidered my goal ⑥orand decided to be a doctor. ⑦TheyThere were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was ⑧amazingamazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much ⑨ more better after seeing a do

13、ctor. And the other ⑩iswas that I wanted to help people in need. Proofreading 2(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ) I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special o

14、ne. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a

15、 different theme and an unique style. 答案　 　　I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to ①opensopen a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it ②requiredrequires a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ③ordinarilyordinary cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe ④∧to

16、have a special theme such as ⑤ like “Tang Dynasty”. In the cafe,customers will enjoy ⑥yourselvesthemselves in the historical environment ⑦whatthat/which is created for them. If I succeed in ⑧managemanaging one, I will open more.I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different ⑨citycities. Each of

17、 my cafes will have a different theme and ⑩ana unique style. Proofreading 3(2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ) During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and anoth

18、er animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I to

19、ld my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed 答案　 　　During my last winter holiday, I went ①∧the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I ②findfound a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and ③a

20、notherother animals. Last winter when I went④herethere again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of⑤chickenchickens. They also had a small pond ⑥they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by⑦sellselling the fish. I felt ⑧happilyhappy that their life had improved

21、. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return⑨ for every two years, ⑩butand he agreed. Proofreading 4(2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ) When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch c

22、artoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games m

23、y parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. 答案　 　　When I was little, ①Friday’sFriday night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all ②sortsorts in the sitting room. As ③thea kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how

24、many times I asked to ④watchingwatch them, my parents would not ⑤to let me. They would say to ⑥usme that playing card games would help my brain. Still I ⑦∧was unwilling to play the games ⑧forwith them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents ⑨arewere until I entered high school. The games my

25、 parents taught me ⑩wherewhen I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. Proofreading 5(2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ) It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident

26、 and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said,“The classroom is a place for learning and that include learn

27、ing from textbooks, and mistake as well.”Immediate, I raised my hand. 答案　 　　It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just①beginbegun. Everyone was silent, ②waitwaiting to see who would be called upon to read his ③andor her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager ④∧to take part

28、 in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done ⑤myselfmy/the homework, but I was shy. I was afraid ⑥that to speak in front of a ⑦largerlarge group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said,“The classroom is a place for learning and that ⑧includeincludes le

29、arning from textbooks, and ⑨mistakemistakes as well.”⑩ImmediateImmediately, I raised my hand. Proofreading 6(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ) In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the in

30、structor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word,“Speed up!”“Slow down!”“Turning left!”I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked

31、 me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road. 答案　 　　In the summer holiday following my ①eighteeneighteenth birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard ②∧the/my first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned t

32、he instructor’s orders, ③sobut/yet once I started the car, my mind④goeswent blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the ⑤wordwords,“Speed up!”“Slow down!”“⑥TurningTurn left!”I was so ⑦much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minut

33、es ⑧l(xiāng)atelater, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a ⑨suddenlysudden stop just in the middle ⑩onof the road. Proofreading 7(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ) Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to wor

34、k every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the

35、Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 答案　 　　Mr. and Mrs. Zhang ①allboth/all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about ②aan/one hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are ③interestingintere

36、sted in planting vegetables in their garden, ④thatwhich is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up ⑤earlierearly and water the vegetables together. They have also bought ⑥for some gardening tools. ⑦BesideBesides, they often get some useful⑧informationsinformation from the Internet. When sum

37、mer ⑨camecomes, they will invite their students ⑩∧to pick the fresh vegetables! Proofreading 8(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ) When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I

38、entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collectin

39、g the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. 答案　 　　When I look at this picture of myself, I realize ①of how fast time flies. I ②hadhave grown not only physically, ③andbut also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this

40、photo was ④tooktaken, I entered my second year of high school and ⑤becomebecame a new member of the school music club. Around me in ⑥∧the/this picture are the things ⑦theythat/which were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying ⑧differencediffe

41、rent kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the ⑨latelatest music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of ⑩yourmy high school days. Proofreading 9(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the re

42、staurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never drea

43、ms becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady. 答案　 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to ①thatwhere I live. Though not very big, ②but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people

44、even ③hadhave to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is ④honesthonesty. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables ⑤orand high quality oil are ⑥usingused for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams ⑦∧of becoming rich in ⑧thea short period of time. Instead, he hopes tha

45、t ⑨ourhis business will grow ⑩steadysteadily. Proofreading 10(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ) The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money

46、. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lo

47、t. 答案　 　　The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about ①howwhat to do during the holiday. We can ②chosechoose between staying at home and ③taketaking a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable ④butand there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little

48、about ⑤∧the world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden ⑥yourour view and gain ⑦knowledgesknowledge we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we ⑧canshould/can go to places of interest nearby. I ⑨t(yī)houghtthink that it is a good idea. It does not cost ⑩manymuch, yet we can still learn a l

49、ot. Proofreading 11(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ) The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me

50、what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to when

51、ever need help. 答案　 The teenage ①yearyears from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and ②worseworst years in my life. At ③the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by ④yourselfmyself. However, my parents didn’t seem to think ⑤suchso. They alw

52、ays ⑥telltold me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be ⑦freelyfree from them. I showed them I was independent by ⑧wearwearing strange clothes. Now I am leaving home ⑨t(yī)ofor college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want

53、to have my parents to turn to whenever ⑩∧I need help. Proofreading 12(2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ) When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately,on the developm

54、ent of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fail t

55、o do so,we’ll live to regret it. 答案　 　　When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city.I ① thinkthought I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in ②∧the countryside.There the air is clean ③orand the mountains are green.Unfortunately,④ onwith the development of industrial

56、ization,the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have⑤ been shown that global warming has already become a very ⑥seriouslyserious problem.The ⑦airsair we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. ⑧MuchMany rare animals are dying out.We must ⑨foundfind ways to protect ⑩yourour/the environme

57、nt.If we fail to do so,we’ll live to regret it. Proofreading 13(2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ) One day,little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time,he turned

58、around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later,Tony saw parents.Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen agai

59、n. 答案　 One day,little Tony went to a shopping center with his ①parentparents.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy ②onin a shop window.He liked it so ③very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After ④lookslooking at the toy for some time,he turned around and found ⑤wherethat /where his parents w

60、ere missing.Tony was scared and ⑥begunbegan to cry.A woman saw him crying and⑦tellingtold him to wait outside ⑧athe shop.Five minutes later,Tony saw ⑨∧his parents.Mom said,“How nice to see you again!Dad and I were ⑩terribleterribly worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again. Pro

61、ofreading 14(2016浙江) 　　When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late. Every time he arrived home at end of the day, we’d greet her at the door. He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us. Then he and my mother would have had a drink whi

62、le she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers. While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge. It was both excited and frightening to be up there!My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there. 答案　 When I was a very young

63、①childrenchild, my father created a regular practice I remember well years ②latelater. Every time he arrived home at ③∧theend of the day, we’d greet ④herhim at the door. He would ask who we ⑤waswere and pretend not to ⑥knowingknow us. Then he and my mother would have ⑦h(yuǎn)ad a drink while she prepared

64、dinner and they would talk about his day and hers. While they ⑧chatchatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit ⑨inon the top of the fridge. It was both ⑩excitedexciting and frightening to be up there!My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there. Proofreading 15(2016四川)

65、It is Mother’s Day today. Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now. Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks. She is a great mother. Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day. We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went o

66、n shopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritest. At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mother’s Day!” Mom was grateful and moving. 答案　 It is Mother’s Day today. Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now. Mom has a full-time job, ①sobut she has to do most of the ②houseworkshousework. She is a great mother. Both Dad ③orand I planned to do something o