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1、 2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,F

2、ifth level,*,2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fo

3、urth level,Fifth level,*,2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Th

4、ird level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,2007 Weatherford.All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,威德福公司精確控制壓力（海洋）鉆井服務(wù),譚文勇,Sales Manager,Weatherford Secure Drilling Services and Testing,China,0,控制壓力鉆井,控制壓力,

5、鉆井,可鉆性驅(qū)動(dòng),提速鉆井,花費(fèi)驅(qū)動(dòng),控制壓力鉆井,控壓鉆井（,MPD),是一種可調(diào)式的鉆井方法，可以精確的控制井眼中的環(huán)空壓力剖面。其目的是要確保井底壓力在控制范圍內(nèi)。,MPD,試圖避免地層流體連續(xù)的進(jìn)入井筒返出地面。我們可以通過(guò)使用合適的設(shè)備和技術(shù)，則任何不經(jīng)意的地層流體的侵入均可控制在鉆井安全范圍內(nèi)。,對(duì)以上定義的注解：,MPD,鉆井作業(yè)采用的工具和技術(shù)可減少鉆井風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并且,通過(guò)主動(dòng)控制環(huán)空壓力剖面，,在井眼窄窗口條件的,限制下,減小鉆井,成本,。,MPD,包括控制回壓，鉆井液密度，鉆井液流態(tài)，環(huán)空液面高度，循環(huán)摩阻，井眼尺寸或者它們的組合。,MPD,可容許我們對(duì)觀測(cè)到的壓力變化采取迅速

6、地糾正措施。動(dòng)力控制環(huán)空壓力的能力很容易達(dá)到常規(guī)鉆井不能達(dá)到的經(jīng)濟(jì)安全的鉆井效果。,迅速改變有效井底壓力,常規(guī)鉆井,:,BHP=MW+ECD,井底壓力,=,泥漿密度,+,當(dāng)量循環(huán)密度,井眼內(nèi)僅有泥漿可調(diào),=,開(kāi)泵,停泵 和 泵速。,MPD:,BHP=MW+ECD+Backpressure,井底壓力,=,泥漿密度,+,當(dāng)量循環(huán)密度,+,井口回壓,通過(guò)控制井口回壓和井眼摩擦力可以顯著的調(diào)整井底工作壓力，而且很少需要停止鉆進(jìn)。,控壓鉆井應(yīng)用分類,PMCD:,Pressurised Mud Cap Drilling,高壓泥漿帽,for use in fractured,vugular carbonat

7、e reservoirs with total losses,.Enable high ROP,less flat time and lower-cost drilling in extreme-loss situations.,應(yīng)用在裂縫性或孔洞性油藏中，鉆井液完全漏失。在極端漏失情形下，可以有效提高機(jī)械鉆速，減少非生產(chǎn)時(shí)間降低鉆井成本。,CBHP:,穩(wěn)定的井底壓力,for applications where a constant bottom hole pressure is required,tight margins,Extended Reach Wells,HPHT wells,s

8、lim hole wells.,R,educe,NPT and enable fewer and deeper casing strings when“drilling windows are narrow or relatively unknow.,應(yīng)用在需要穩(wěn)定的井底壓力、邊界較窄、大位移井、高溫高壓井或小井眼等情。減少非生產(chǎn)作業(yè)時(shí)間，當(dāng)鉆井窗口很窄或不知的情況下減少套管下深壑層數(shù)。,DG:Dual Gradient,多重泥漿密度梯度,for deep water&offshore weak shallow formations,。,應(yīng)用在深水或海上開(kāi)發(fā)薄而淺的油藏,HSE:Returns

9、 Flow Control,健康、安全和環(huán)境問(wèn)題：控制井口返出物,For improved operational safety BSTS,用于提高操作的安全性,預(yù)測(cè),Pp,實(shí)際,Pp,預(yù)測(cè),Pf,保持泥漿壓力梯度盡可能接近實(shí)際地層壓力梯度極有好處（也可能有其它的技術(shù)局限性象井壁穩(wěn)定）,我們想“沿著地層壓力線走”,為什么使用精確控壓？,當(dāng)量循環(huán)壓力大于破裂壓力,泥漿靜液壓力大于孔隙壓力,當(dāng)量循環(huán)壓力,=,泥漿靜液壓力,+,回壓,孔隙壓力,泥漿液柱壓力,井深,壓力,破裂壓力,為什么使用精確控壓？,Back-pressure,地面回壓控制,孔隙壓力,泥漿液柱壓力,當(dāng)量循環(huán)壓力低于破裂壓力,泥漿靜液

10、壓力低于孔隙壓力,當(dāng)量循環(huán)壓力,=,泥漿靜液壓力,+,回壓,破裂壓力,接單根,井深,壓力,窗口,窗口,常規(guī)循環(huán),最理想的情況是靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)壓力均正好穿過(guò)由儲(chǔ)層壓力和地層破裂壓力組成的壓力窗口。,在比較窄的壓力窗口循環(huán),操作窗口比較窄的情況下，循化時(shí)有漏失，停止循環(huán)時(shí)溢流,什么是井底常壓情況下的控制環(huán)空壓力鉆井方法？,靜態(tài),BHP=HH,(MW),動(dòng)態(tài),BHP=HH,(MW),+AFP,情況描述,:,不循環(huán)時(shí)情況正常,但循環(huán)時(shí)泥漿柱壓力和環(huán)空摩擦壓力超過(guò)地層壓力并且發(fā)生漏失現(xiàn)象。,井底常壓控制壓力鉆井方法,可能發(fā)生的情況：靜態(tài)不循環(huán)時(shí)使用低密度泥漿并在地表施加回壓。,動(dòng)態(tài),BHP=HH,(MW),

11、+AFP,靜態(tài),BHP=HH,(MW),+BP,回壓,單梯度控制壓力鉆井方法,BP,動(dòng)壓,BHP=HH,(MW),+AFP+BP,靜壓,BHP=HH,(MW),AFP+BP,通過(guò)旋轉(zhuǎn)控制頭和節(jié)流管匯可以在地面施加回壓。,Pressurized Mudcap MPD,利用加壓泥漿帽實(shí)現(xiàn)控制壓力鉆井,Equivalent Circulating Density,當(dāng)量循環(huán)密度,Pressure cannot be controlled with a single gradient system,當(dāng)無(wú)法用單一密度泥漿體系控制井底壓力時(shí)候,Pressurized Mudcap MPD,利用加壓泥漿帽實(shí)現(xiàn)

12、控制壓力鉆井,Back pressure,回壓,One solution is MPD but with high surface pressures,解決方法之一是用很高的地面壓力實(shí)現(xiàn)控制壓力鉆井,First“RiserCap”program in Asia Pacific was a 3 well program in Malaysia drilled on the Shell E-8 Field from the Semi-submersible STENA CLYDE,亞洲地區(qū)的第一個(gè)“,RiserCap”,項(xiàng)目是在馬來(lái)西亞,Shell E-8,區(qū)塊的的半潛式平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行的，總共鉆了,3

13、,口井,Trip Tank55 bbls,RegenDiverter,Alpine 3000RCH,13 5/8 5000#,13 5/8 5000#,13 5/8 5000#,Mud Cross,Shale Shaker,Wilkins Air Actuated Pump,Flex Hose from RCH,Tripping Out of Hole,Tripping In of Hole,6 Radius RCH Ecological tray,6 Flow Line,4 PMCDsupply line,4 600 Globe Valve-Throttle,Trip Tank55 bbls

14、,Spider Deck,3 Reset Relief Valve 400psi,2000 psi ball valve,2000 psi ball valve,7 1/16 5K Hydraulic Gate Galve,3 Reset Relief Valve 400psi,70 X 2000 psi Flex line,4 ANSI 600 Gate Valve,ANSI 600 6Gate Valve,Figure 6 206,Figure 4 602,6X 70 Flex Hose,Figure 4 602,Figure 2 602,Figure 2 602,3 Figure 150

15、2,3 Figure 1502,MUD PUMP ISOLATED ON LAM TO CONTROL ANNULAR PRESSURE WHILE DRILLING,4 HYD VALVES CLOSED.,Booster Line,16 Flow line,Pressure ReliefHard Line,6 206,4 602,1/2 NPT Port from RCH Tranducer Assembly,Annular Pressuremax 400 psi,Driller Cabin,22 6,1,2,3,4,5,6,8,76,9,10,11,PMCD with Rotating

16、Control Device,Valve Settings,Malaysia PMCD(Semi-submersible Rig),馬來(lái)西亞,-,加壓泥漿帽鉆井（半潛式平臺(tái)）,Sarawak Shell(East Malaysia),F-6 Field 3 wells no losses,F-6,區(qū)塊，,3,口井，無(wú)漏失,Jintan Field 2 wells no losses,Jintan,區(qū)塊，兩口井，無(wú)漏失,E-8 Field 4 wells serious losses,E-8,區(qū)塊，,4,口井，漏失嚴(yán)重,Carbonates with Karst features,碳酸鹽巖巖層,Gas wells,氣井,Malaysia PMCD(Semi-tender Barge),馬來(lái)西亞,-,加壓泥漿帽鉆井（半潛式鉆井船）,精確控壓鉆井流程圖,精確控壓鉆井系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo),Advanced Kick Detection,超前的井涌監(jiān)測(cè),Kick detection and automatic well control,井涌監(jiān)測(cè)和自動(dòng)井控,Bottom hole pressure mani