《2023年安徽中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)二輪專題課件：專題一 名詞》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2023年安徽中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)二輪專題課件：專題一 名詞（37頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第二部分,,語法專題剖析,專題一,,名詞,2023,年安徽中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)二輪專題課件,（必考）,知識清單,命題點(diǎn)1,,名詞詞義辨析（必考：每年6~8道）,考點(diǎn)透析,,名詞詞義辨析旨在考查學(xué)生在具體有意義的語境中運(yùn)用名詞的能力。做題的關(guān)鍵在于讀懂語境，理解詞義?？疾榉较?yàn)槌橄竺~詞義辨析,（10年38考）,和同類名詞詞義辨析，其中同類名詞詞義辨析包括：實(shí)物類,（10年7考）,、地點(diǎn)方位類,（10年6考）,、人物類,（10年3考）,、自然類,（10年3考）,、時(shí)間與空間類,（10年3考）,、身體類,（10年3考）,。,提升訓(xùn)練,1.,(2022包河區(qū)一模),Since,,the,,dumpling

2、,,is,,in,,the,,___,,of,,ancient,,Chinese,,gold,,,it,,stands,,for,,wealth,,in,,our,,culture.,A.weight,,B.shape,,C.colour,,D.taste,2.,(2022蜀山區(qū)三模),When,,you,,listen,,to,,your,,teachers,,in,,class,,,you,,had,,better,,take,,some,,___,.,A.notes,,B.actions,,C.medicine,,D.exercise,√,√,3.,(2022瑤海區(qū)二模),—Rachel

3、,,,we,,have,,a,,free,,morning.,,What,,do,,you,,want,,to,,do？,—Well,,,you,’,re,,the,,___,,on,,London,,life.,,I,,need,,your,,suggestions.,A.expert,,B.robot,,C.visitor,,D.human,4.,(2022合肥模擬),—What,,does,,the,,story,,of,,“Mengzi,’,s,,mother,,makes,,three,,moves”,,tell,,us？,—It,,tells,,us,,the,,___,,of,,

4、study,,is,,very,,important.,A.experience,,B.instruction,,C.environment,,D.information,√,√,5.I,,have,,the,,___,,of,,reading,,before,,sleeping.,,It,,has,,become,,part,,of,,my,,life.,A.advice,,B.pressure,,C.expression,,D.habit,6.About,,how,,to,,achieve,,a,,balance,,between,,hobbies,,and,,schoolwork,,,J

5、ustin,,asked,,me,,for,,my,,___,.,A.position,,B.attention,,C.suggestion,,D.introduction,√,√,命題點(diǎn)2,,名詞短語（2020.47）,考點(diǎn)透析,,名詞短語為2020年安徽中考的新增考點(diǎn)，在完形填空中進(jìn)行了考查，因此考生在備考中要注重對名詞短語的積累和識記。,1.,,名詞＋名詞,,名詞作定語修飾名詞時(shí)，前一個(gè)名詞一般為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，如：tea,,art茶藝。但也有名詞復(fù)數(shù)作定語的情況，如：sports,,meeting,,,students,,reading,,room。注意,,man,,,woman,,

6、,gentleman等作定語時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)由所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，如：man,,worker,,,women,,scientists。,常見的“名詞＋名詞”短語羅列如下：,action,,movie,,動作影片,,animal,,world,,動物世界,bus,,stop,,公交車站,computer,,games,,電腦游戲,country,,music,,鄉(xiāng)村音樂,dining,,hall,,餐廳,family,,member,,家庭成員,,food,,safety,,食品安全,football,,field,,足球場,head,,teacher,,校長,junk,,food,,垃圾食品

7、,milk,,shake,,奶昔,model,,plane,,飛機(jī)模型,parking,,lot停車場,police,,station,,警察局,radio,,station,,廣播站,2.,,形容詞＋名詞,（2020.47）,,形容詞作定語修飾名詞，這種類型的名詞短語很常見，,,如：American,,movies/films美國電影。,常見的“形容詞＋名詞”短語羅列如下：,homing,,pigeon,,信鴿（2020.47）,close,,friends,,密友；親密的朋友,daily,,life,,日常生活,,free/spare,,time,,空閑時(shí)間,,fresh,,water,,

8、淡水,mobile,,phone,,移動電話；手機(jī),national,,flag,,國旗,scientific,,research,,科學(xué)研究,soft,,toy,,軟體玩具；布絨玩具,spoken,,English,,英語口語,提升訓(xùn)練,7.Every,,Chinese,,is,,quite,,excited,,and,,proud,,when,,the,,___,,rises,,,because,,it,,shows,,their,,deep,,love,,to,,the,,mother,,country.,A.beautiful,,sun,,B.national,,flag,,C.whi

9、te,,moon,,D.blue,,sky,8.—What,,are,,you,,going,,to,,buy？,—Some,___,.,,Tomorrow,,is,,Dragon,,Boat,,Festival.,A.rice,,dumplings,,B.moon,,cakes,C.chocolate,,eggs,,D.pumpkin,,pies,√,√,命題點(diǎn)3,,名詞的數(shù),考點(diǎn)透析,考向1,,可數(shù)名詞,1.,,可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化表,情況,構(gòu)成方法,例詞,一般情況,加-s,star→stars,,gift→,gifts,invention,→inventions,以字母s,,,x

10、,,,sh,,,ch等結(jié)尾的詞,加-es,bus→buses,,box→,boxes,brush,→brushes,watch→watches,,特例：,stomach→stomachs,情況,構(gòu)成方法,例詞,以字母f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,變f或fe為v再加-es,leaf→leaves,,wife→wives,,knife→knives,shelf→shelves,,thief→thieves,,wolf→wolves,life→lives,,half→halves,巧記：,妻見小偷架下藏，手拿小刀想殺狼；,誰知落下半片葉，砸在頭上一命亡。,以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,先變y為i,再加-es,baby

11、→babies,,city→cities,,family→families,續(xù)表,情況,構(gòu)成方法,例詞,以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,加-s,day→days,,toy→,toys,monkey,→monkeys,以ce,,,se,,,ze,,,ge等結(jié)尾的詞,加-s,face→faces,,license→licenses,,prize→prizes,,orange→oranges,以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的詞,若表示有生命的加-es,tomato→tomatoes,,hero→,heroes,potato,→potatoes,,若表示無生命的加-s,photo→photos,,piano→pianos

12、,,zoo→zoos,續(xù)表,2.,,可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化表,構(gòu)成方法,例詞,變a為e型,man→men,,woman→women,,特例：,German→,Germans,human,→humans,變oo為ee型,foot→feet,,tooth→,teeth,特例,：,boot→boots,單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同,sheep→sheep,,fish→fish,,deer→,deer,Chinese,→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese,構(gòu)成方法,例詞,在詞尾加-ren,child→children,其他形式,mouse→mice,常用作復(fù)數(shù)形式或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,noodle

13、s,,glasses,,trousers,,thanks,,clothes,,goods,,chopsticks,,people,續(xù)表,【拓展】,（1）個(gè)別以字母,f,或,ef,結(jié)尾的詞直接加-,s,變成復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：,roof→roofs,（屋頂）,,,chief→chiefs,（首領(lǐng)）,,,belief→beliefs,（信念）,（2）,某國人變復(fù)數(shù),中國人,Chinese,（單）,→Chinese,（復(fù)）,,日本人,Japanese,（單）,→Japanese,（復(fù)）英國人,Englishman,（單）,→Englishmen,（復(fù)）,,,法國人,Frenchman,（單）,→Frenc

14、hmen,（復(fù)）,,美國人,American,（單）,→Americans,（復(fù)）,口訣：,中日不變英法變，其余后面加-,s,考點(diǎn)2,,不可數(shù)名詞,1.,,不可數(shù)名詞的分類,類別,,例詞,物質(zhì)名詞,液體,orange橙汁,,milk牛奶,,water水,,wine,酒,coffee,咖啡,,juice,果汁,,tea,茶,,,soup,湯,,oil油,,食物,bread面包,,meat肉,,自然,soil土壤,,sand沙子,,wood木頭,,fire,火,rain,雨,,wind,風(fēng) snow,雪,,ice,冰,weather,天氣,,材料,paper紙,,plastic塑料,,

15、silk絲綢,,gold金子,,cotton棉花,類別,,例詞,抽象名詞,情感,joy高興,,sadness憂傷,,學(xué)科,math數(shù)學(xué),,physics物理,,geography地理,,chemistry化學(xué),,概念,advice建議,,news消息,,knowledge知識,,information信息,,time時(shí)間,,music音樂,續(xù)表,2.,,不可數(shù)名詞的量化,情況,方法,示例,具體的量,數(shù)詞/不定冠詞（a/an）+表數(shù)量的名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞,a,,piece,,of,,paper一張紙,three,,kilos,,of,,rice,,三公斤大米,大概的量,表示量的限定詞（用so

16、me，,,a,,little，a,,lot,,of等表示）+不可數(shù)名詞,some,,water一些水,a,,lot,,of,,money很多錢,（1）不可數(shù)名詞的多少可以用以下詞組來表示：,a,,basket,,of,一籃,,a,,box,,of,一盒,,a,,bottle,,of,一瓶,,a,,cup,,of,一杯,a,,piece,,of,一片/張/塊,,a,,pile,,of,一堆,（2）不可數(shù)名詞的量化中量詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)其前的修飾語來確定。如：,a,,spoon,,of,,soup→two,,spoons,,of,,soup,（3）可數(shù)名詞也可以用量化來表達(dá)，需要注意：可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根

17、據(jù)實(shí)際的數(shù)量來確定。如：,a,,piece,,of,,leaf→two,,pieces,,of,,leaves,【拓展】,3.,,可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的特殊用法,（1）不可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況,物質(zhì)名詞用來表示不同類別時(shí)，可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：teas各種茶，,,fruits各種水果，,,fishes各種魚。,（2）英語中部分名詞既是可數(shù)名詞，又是不可數(shù)名詞，但意義不同。如：,名詞,chicken,exercise,experience,glass,orange,paper,room,time,wood,work,可數(shù),小雞,,習(xí)題,經(jīng)歷,玻璃杯,,橘子,,文件,房間,,倍數(shù),,樹林,作品,不可數(shù),雞肉

18、,鍛煉,經(jīng)驗(yàn),玻璃,橙汁,,紙,,空間,時(shí)間,木材,,工作,4.,,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語,（1）只修飾可數(shù)名詞的修飾語,few幾乎沒有,,a,,few少許,,several幾個(gè),many很多,,a,,couple,,of兩個(gè)；一對,a,,（great/large）,,number,,of許多,a,,great/good,,many很多,（2）只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語,little很少，幾乎沒有,,a,,little一點(diǎn)兒,a,,good/great,,deal,,of很多,,a,,bit,,of有一點(diǎn)兒,a,,large,,amount,,of大量的,,much很多,（3）既可修飾可數(shù)

19、名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語,some一些,,a,,lot,,of/lots,,of很多,all所有的,,plenty,,of大量的,most大多數(shù)的,,the,,rest,,of剩下的,hardly,,any幾乎沒有,提升訓(xùn)練,9.—There,,are,,many,,___,,in,,my,,shop.,,How,,could,,I,,get,,rid,,of,,them？,—Why,,don,’,t,,you,,keep,,a,,cat,,in,,the,,shop？,A.mice,,B.mouse,,C.a,,mouse,,D.the,,mice,10.—I,’,d,,like,,s

20、ome,,___,,for,,supper,,today.,—Go,,to,,the,,supermarket,,and,,buy,,a,,.,,.,,home.,A.fishes；,,fish,,B.fish；,,fish,,C.fishes；,,fishes,,D.fish；,,fishes,√,√,11.—What,,can,,I,,do,,for,,you？,—I,’,d,,like,,two,,___,.,A.bottle,,of,,orange,,B.bottles,,of,,orange,C.bottle,,of,,oranges,,D.bottles,,of,,oranges,

21、12.Many,,foreigners,,came,,to,,our,,school,,last,,week,,,including,,three,___,,and,,four,.,,.,.,A.Germans；,,Englishmans,,B.Germen；,,Englishmen,C.Germans；,,Englishmen,,D.Germen；,,Englishmans,√,√,13.I,,prefer,,to,,see,,___,,,,because,,I,,think,,they,,may,,be,,gentle,,and,,patient,,enough.,A.women,,doc

22、tor,,B.woman,,doctor,C.woman,,doctors,,D.women,,doctors,√,命題點(diǎn)4,,名詞所有格（近10年未考）,考點(diǎn)透析,1.,,’,s所有格,類型,構(gòu)成方法,示例,有生命的名詞（人或動物）,在詞尾加,’,s,Tom,’,s,,book,,the,,dog,’,s,,ears,the,,hero,’,s,,name,,以s,,,es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加’,the,,students,’,,desks,,the,,workers,’,,tools,the,,teachers,’,,office,,不以（e）s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加,’,s,men,’,s,,c

23、lothes,,Women,’,s,,Day,Children,’,s,,Day,類型,構(gòu)成方法,示例,表示時(shí)間、距離、國家等名詞,單數(shù)加,’,s,China,’,s,,development,,復(fù)數(shù)加,’,three,,hours,’,,drive,表示幾個(gè)人共同擁有,在最后一個(gè)名詞后加,’,s,Lily,,and,,Lisa,’,s,,room莉莉和麗薩的房間,表示每個(gè)人各自擁有,在每個(gè)名詞后加,’,s,John,’,s,,and,,Susan,’,s,,fathers約翰的父親和蘇珊的父親,續(xù)表,【拓展】,表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、診所、住宅等名稱時(shí)，常在表示職業(yè)的名詞或姓氏后加上,’,s代表場所

24、。如:,,a,,tailor,’,s,裁縫鋪,,a,,barber,’,s,理發(fā)店,,a,,doctor,’,s,診所,,my,,sister,’,s,我姐姐的家,,a,,stationer,’,s,文具店,,Chaplin,’,s,卓別林的家,2.,,of,,所有格,（1）表示無生命的事物的名詞一般用of所有格。如：the,,use,,of,,water,,水的用途,（2）of所有格有時(shí)也可以用于表示人或有生命的東西的所屬關(guān)系，特別是當(dāng)這些所有者有較長的定語時(shí)。如：the,,name,,of,,the,,brave,,young,,man這個(gè)勇敢的年輕人的名字,3.,,雙重所有格,,雙重所有

25、格表示整體中的一部分，有兩種形式：,（1）of+,’,s所有格，如：a,,photo,,of,,my,,brother,’,s 我弟弟的一張照片,（2）of+名詞性物主代詞，如：a,,new,,friend,,of,,mine 我的一個(gè)新朋友,【拓展】of所有格與雙重所有格的區(qū)別。如:,,This,,is,,a,,photo,,of,,my,,father.,這是我父親的一張照片。,（照片上的人就是我父親）,,This,,is,,a,,photo,,of,,my,,father,’,s.,這是我父親的一張照片。,（照片為我父親所擁有，但照片上的人不一定是我父親本人）,提升訓(xùn)練,14.—How,

26、,far,,is,,your,,home,,from,,the,,train,,station？,—It,’,s,,about,,20,___,,walk.,A.minute,,B.minutes,,C.minute,’,s,,D.minutes,’,15.,___,,Day,,is,,coming.,,I,,will,,give,,my,,Chinese,,,maths,,,English,,teachers,,some,,flowers.,A.Teacher,,B.Teachers,,C.Teacher,’,s,,D.Teachers,’,√,√,16.Mr.,,Smith,,is,,a,

27、,foreign,,teacher,___,,a,,university,,in,,China.,A.to,,B.on,,C.for,,D.of,17.,___,,brothers,,are,,at,,the,,top,,of,,the,,mountain.,,They,,are,,waving,,their,,hands.,A.Lucy,,and,,Lily,,B.Lucy,,and,,Lily,’,s,C.Lucy,’,s,,and,,Lily,,D.Lucy,’,s,,and,,Lily,’,s,18.I,,broke,,my,,piano,,,so,,it,,is,,now,,being,,repaired,,by,,a,,friend,,of,,___,.,,He,,is,,a,,great,,pianist.,A.my,,father,,B.my,,fathers,’,,C.father,’,s,,D.my,,father,’,s,√,√,√,