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中考英語復(fù)習(xí)資料:主謂一致考點集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練習(xí)題

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1、中考英語復(fù)習(xí)資料:主謂一致考點集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練習(xí)題【考點直擊】1.語法一致的原則2.意義一致的原則3.鄰近一致的原則【名師點睛】謂語受主語支配,須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則:語法一致原則,意義一致原則和就近一致原則。1.語法一致的原則(1)以單數(shù)名詞或代詞,動詞不定式短語作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù);主語為復(fù)數(shù)時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),例如:He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.(2

2、)由 and 或 bothand 連接的并列成分作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Both he and I are right.Mr.Black and Mrs.Black have a son called Tom.但并列主語如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.(3)由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由 each,every修飾時,其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:In our country every boy and

3、every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.(4)主語是單數(shù)時,盡管后面跟有 but,except,besides,with 等介詞短語,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。例如:The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.(5)一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式

4、的名詞,如 people,police,cattle,clothes 等作主語時,謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:A lot of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for lost boy.(6)由 each,some,any,no,every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時,謂語動詞都用單數(shù)。例如:Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.(7)有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞,如 glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors 等作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例

5、如:Where are my shoes?I cant find them.Your trousers are dirty.Youd better change them.如果這類名詞前用了 a pair of 等,則往往用作單數(shù),謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于 pair 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.2.意義一致的原則(1)表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。例如:Twenty years is not a long time.Ten do

6、llars is too dear.(2)有些集合名詞,如 family,team 等作主語時,如作為一個整體看待,謂語動詞用單數(shù);如指其中每個成員,則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:My family is big one.My family are watching TV.(3)不定代詞由 all,most,more,some,any,none 作主語時,也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如:All of the work has been finished.All of the people

7、 have gone.(4)疑問代詞作主語時,其謂語動詞也有兩種情況:主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);主語表示單數(shù)意義,則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如:Who is your brother?Who are League members?(5)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時,其謂語動詞要以 of 后面的名詞而定。名詞是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù):名詞是單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如:It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.(6)ha

8、lf,the rest 等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語時,如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義,動詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果所指為單數(shù)意義,動詞用單數(shù)。例如:I have read a large part of the book,the rest is more difficult.Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.(7)由 what 引導(dǎo)地主于從句作主語時,通常謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:What she said is correct.What she left me

9、 are a few old books.(8)凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞(或分詞)”作主語,往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果這種主語指的是一類人,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果指的是一個人或抽象概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The dead is a famous person.3.鄰近一致的原則(1)由連詞 or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,等連接的并列主語,如果一個是單數(shù),一個是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動詞按就近一致原則,與最靠近它的主語一

10、致。例如:Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.(2)在“There be”句型中,謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。There are two apples and one egg in it.(3)as well as 和名詞連用時,謂語動詞和第一個名詞相一致。He as well as I is responsible for it.不但是我,他對這件事也有責(zé)任。(4)以 here 開頭的句子,其謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。Here is a letter and

11、some books for you.【實例解析】1.(2004 年天津市中考試題)How time flies!Ten years _ passed.A.have B.has C.is D.are 答案:B。該題考查的是主謂一致。Ten years 通常被看作是一個時間整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。2.(2004 年南通市中考試題)Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace.They havent been back.A.have been B.have gone C.has been D.has gone 答

12、案:D。該題考查的是主謂一致。如果由 not onlybut also連接兩個并列主語,其謂語動詞同相鄰的主語保持一致,謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。又因為他們還都沒有回來,所以用 has gone而不用 has been。3.(2004 年吉林市中考試題)Neither my father _ going to see the patient.A.nor I am B.nor I are C.or me are D.or me is 答案:A。該題考查的是主謂一致。Neithernor 是一組連詞,可連接連個并列主語,其謂語動詞應(yīng)同靠近的主語 I 保持一致,因此應(yīng)選 A。4.(2004 年包頭市中考

13、試題)Look!There _ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.A.are a number of deer B.are a number of deers C.is a number of deer D.is a number of deers 答案:A。該題考查的是主謂一致。這個句子的主語是 a number of deer,是個復(fù)數(shù)概念,因此謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(deer 單復(fù)數(shù)相同)【中考演練】一.選擇填空1.They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy.A.is B.w

14、as C.are D.were2.-When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?-I havent decided._ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK.A.Both;and B.Either;or C.Neither;nor D.Not only;but also3._ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.A.Neither;nor B.Not only;but also C.Both;and D.A and B4._ o

15、f them has his own opinion.A.Both B.Some C.Every D.Each5.Are there any _ on the farm?A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep6.My shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue.A.are;are B.are;isC.is;is D.is;are7.-Two months _ quite a long time.-Yes.Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.A.is B.are C.was D.were

16、8.The old man has two children but _ of them lives with him.A.both B.none C.neither D.all9.Our knowledge of computer _ growing all the time.A.be B.is C.are D.were10.Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.A.is B.was C.are D.were11.Most of the houses _ this year.A.has built B.have

17、 builtC.has been built D.have been built12.I think maths _ very difficult to learn.A.is B.are C.has D.have13.A large number of students _ to work in Xinjiang.A.have gone B.has gone C.goes D.is going14.The number of the students in the class _ small.A.are B.is C.have D.were15.There _ a lot of good ne

18、ws in todays newspaper.A.is B.are C.was D.were二.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1._(be)everything OK?2.Nobody _(know)the answer to the question.3.Ten divided by two _(be)five.4.Most of the drinking water _(be)from the Black River.5.Not only she but also I _(do)morning exercises every day.6.Either you or she _(have)made

19、 a wrong decision.7.The family _(be)spending the weekend together.8.Bread and butter _(be)her daily breakfast.9.The police _(be)trying to catch the thief.10.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.三.翻譯下列句子1.我們兩個人都沒有看這部電影。_.2.我的茶杯里沒有水了。_.3.不是他就是我要到哪兒去。

20、_.4.學(xué)生們和老師都不知道這件事。_.5.我們家正在一起度周末。_.【練習(xí)答案】一.1.B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A二.1.Is 2.knows 3.is 4.is 5.do 6.has 7.are 8.is 9.are 10.was;were三.1.Neither of us has seen the film.2.There is no water in my cup.3.Either he or I is going there.4.Neither the students nor the teacher knows this matter.5.Our family are spending the weekend together.

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