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1、Solving problems Secondly, , Thirdly, . When we hear the underlined phrases above, we can know that the speaker is going to provide related supporting details. Listening to the world Listening skills Additional Notes2 Use related signal words or expressions to identify different types of supporting

2、details ranging from reasons and examples to facts, quotes and statistics. 1 ) Listen for reasons. When we hear signal words or expressions such as because, since, for, due to, or owing to, we can know what comes next will be supporting details. 2 ) Listen for examples. Examples are another type of

3、important supporting details. We can use signal words or expressions like for example, for instance, lets take a look at ., or there was a case recently . Listening to the world Listening skills Additional Notes3 ) Listen for facts. Facts refer to something that is known to exist or to have happened

4、. In this type of supporting materials, Time signal words such as recently, now, last month, or last year are often used.4 ) Listen for quotes or / and statistics. Quotes and statistics are also common and effective supporting details. When speakers quote, they may use phrases like The study shows t

5、hat ., According to ., etc. Listening to the world Listening skills Additional Notes3 Use other cues, such as repetition, pause, stress, or a change in the speakers tone of voice, to indicate that what follows will support the main idea. One thing we should be aware is that not every detail is intro

6、duced by a signal word or other clues. Because of this, we should always pay attention to the sentences that the speakers say right after they express their opinions because this is usually where the speakers give the supporting details. Listening to the world 2 Listen and match each speaker to the

7、type(s) of surveillance technology he / she is talking about. Speaker 1 : e. street level cameras Speaker 2 : a. number plate recognition f. speed camerasSpeaker 3 : b. microchips Speaker 4 : c. CCTV camerasSpeaker 5 : d. phone cameras Listening to the worldWHILE you listen 3 Listen and complete the

8、 table.Listening to the worldWHILE you listenSpeakers For () or against (X) Supporting details 1 For her, its great because it means she can go and look at things like 1 )_ before she goes on holiday. hotels or even cities Listening to the worldSpeakers For () or against (X) Supporting details 2 l T

9、heyre just used by the government to 2 ) _. l In the last year, four cameras have been placed in his area, but the number of accidents 3 ) _. l He also hates being watched and being kept track of 4 ) _. 3 Its an invasion of privacy, e.g. people shouldnt have the right to know5 ) _ and shouldnt send

10、6 ) _ to her. make money has doubled wherever he goes X X what kind of food she eats junk mail or adverts Listening to the worldSpeakers For () or against (X) Supporting details 4 l The cameras helped the police to find the two men who 7 ) _ him a few months ago. l News reports show that 8 ) _ are b

11、eing solved because of the cameras. l Law-abiding citizens 9 ) _. 5 A recent case showed that everyone has to 1 0 ) _, in case their pictures might be 1 1 ) _ or 1 2 ) _. robbed more crimeshave no need to worry be more careful sent to the newspapers posted online 4 Read and discuss the questions. Af

12、ter you listenListening to the world1 Which of the police plans do you think would be most useful for cutting crime? I think Plan 1 ) would be most useful for cutting crime. If the whole town is installed with CCTV cameras, some potential criminals may be discouraged from committing crimes, and if c

13、rimes do happen, the police can rely on CCTV cameras to get evidence and find the suspect(s). As for the other plans, I dont think Plan 2 ) would be very useful, and I really doubt Plans 3 ) and 4 ) can be easily carried out. 4 Read and discuss the questions. After you listenListening to the world2

14、How do you think the following groups of people would feel about the plans: the police, local residents, parents, and teenagers? The police would think that these measures can help them cut crime. Local residents may feel happy about the first two plans. Parents may hold the same opinions as the loc

15、al residents about the first three plans, but they may also warmly welcome the last plan. Teenagers will certainly hate the last plan, I guess, though they may not care about the other three. Sharing Listening ViewingListening to the world 1 Read the program information below and answer the question

16、s. BEFORE you view 1 Do you agree that people are feeling less happy than before? Why or why not?Listening to the world Yes, I totally agree that people are feeling less happy now than before though their living standards have improved greatly. The main reason is that people now have to face more pr

17、essure, and cope with the fast-paced modern life. As a result, they feel anxious all the time and have no mood to enjoy life. No, I dont quite agree. To me, whether people feel happier or not depends on what age they are. 1 Read the program information below and answer the questions. BEFORE you view

18、2 Do you feel that nowadays it is hard for you to feel happy? Why or why not? Listening to the world Yes. Probably this is because as I grow older, I dont get excited easily anymore. When we were little, happiness could be something simple and easy, but now its hard for us to have this feeling, and

19、we often ignore a lot of good things in our life. No. Im a very cheerful and optimistic person. Even if I fail to do something, I always choose to see the bright side. To me, there is no point being unhappy. It will only make things worse. 2 Watch the video and choose the best answer to each questio

20、n. WHILE you viewListening to the world1 What does the science of happiness say? D We should change our style of living. 2 What does the first interviewee want to tell us? B Wealth and happiness are not in direct proportion.3 What does Mark Easton mean by “We are stuck on a treadmill”? A We try hard

21、 to get happiness but fail. 4 What assumption should be re-examined? C Consumer goods can fulfill our various needs. 5 What message is implied by the video clip? D Our attitude toward wealth needs to change. 3 Then watch the video and fill in the blanks.1 ) rethink everything2 ) Give it up3 ) Transf

22、orm4 ) standard of living5 ) Diminished 6 ) commute further Listening to the worldWHILE you view 7 ) the opposite8 ) slow down9 ) take more leisure 1 0 ) economic growth 1 1 ) consumer goods1 2 ) material possessions 4 Discuss the questions.AFTER you view1 What do you think stops people from being h

23、appier as they become wealthier? I think as people become wealthier, they also become more demanding and eager, and they tend to lose their appreciation of happiness. They may just pursue material satisfaction brought by wealth. However, there is no end to such material pursuits. How can they be hap

24、py with such a state of mind? Listening to the world 4 Discuss the questions.AFTER you view2 What do you think people can do to make themselves happier? To make themselves happier, people should have a correct attitude toward money. They should realize that money is not everything. There are so many

25、 things in life that cant be bought by money, such as friendship and love. They should learn to feel content with what they have. If they can do this, I think they will feel happier than they are now. Listening to the world 1 Listen and complete the table. Speaking for communication1 ) 3 ) dangerous

26、5 ) For7 ) Downloading music for free9 ) theft 1 1 ) without paying1 3 ) For1 5 ) file sharing 2 ) Against4 ) frozen solid 6 ) health8 ) Against1 0 ) stealing from them1 2 ) make any money1 4 ) CD sales1 6 ) concerts Mans opinions Woman s opinionsConversation 1Topic:1 ) _ Attitude: 2 ) _Reasons:It c

27、an be quite 3 ) _, e.g.Mikes girlfriend had some Botox injections, and her face became 4 ) _. Attitude: 5 ) _Reasons:It is OK for 6 ) _ reasons, e.g. ifoverweight.1 Listen and complete the table. Speaking for communicationCosmetic surgery Againstdangerousfrozen solid Forhealth Mans opinions Woman s

28、opinionsConversation 2Topic:7 ) _ Attitude: 8 ) _Reasons: Its just 9 ) _. Artists have copyright on their songs, so its like 1 0 ) _. If people share the music1 1 ) _, how can musicians 1 2 ) _? Worried about being found out. Attitude: 1 3 ) _Reasons: Artists make little money from 1 4 ) _. They wan

29、t people to hear their music. For newer groups, 1 5 ) _ is the way they get known. Singers and groups make most of their money from 1 6 ) _.1 Listen and complete the table. Speaking for communicationDownloading music for free theft without paying file sharingForAgainststealing from themmake any mone

30、y CD salesconcerts 1 Listen and complete the table. Speaking for communicationMans opinions Woman s opinionsConversation 3Topic:1 7 )_ Attitude: 1 8 ) _Reasons: Buses are more 1 9 ) _. A trial showed that there was 2 0 ) _ almost 1 0 percent. The town center works 2 1 ) _ as it is. Attitude: 2 2 ) _

31、Reasons: Itd be really good for 2 3 ) _. Buses will be replaced with 2 4 ) _ or something like that. The center is clogged up and 2 5 ) _.Banning cars from city center polluting than cars perfectly fine the environment pollutedAgainst a reduction in shop sales Forelectric buses 2 Listen again and ch

32、oose the expressions you hear. 1 Take the case of 2 In particular 3 such as 4 its a well-known fact that 5 Despite the fact that 6 like 7 For instance, 8 In the same way 9 its been shown that 10 According to Speaking for communication Additional TipsSupporting your viewpoint There are three basic me

33、thods you can use to support your viewpoint: Giving examples Vivid and concrete examples often have strong impact on listeners belief. When you give examples to support your viewpoint, you often use some words or expressions to signal them. For example:l Take the case of Mikes girlfriend, l . some k

34、ind of surgery, you know, such as liposuction to get rid of fat? l For instance, what about that woman in America? Speaking skills Speaking for communication Additional TipsStating facts Facts are a powerful means of convincing others. They can come from our reading, observation, or personal experie

35、nce. In the three conversations you have just heard, you can find the use of this method through the following expressions and example sentences: l But its a well-known fact that musicians get very little money from CD sales anyway. l . its been shown that buses are more polluting than cars. Speakin

36、g skills Speaking for communication Additional TipsQuoting other people There are two types of quoting methods: l Quoting directly means you present a sources idea word for word. It is often used when the quotations are brief, or when they convey your meaning better than you can. l Quoting indirectl

37、y means you restate or summarize a sources idea in your own words. It is often used when the wording of a quotation is obscure, or when a quotation is too long. Speaking skillsSpeaking for communication 4 Role-play the situations.Situation 1Talking about violence on TV A: Dont you think there is too

38、 much violence on TV? B: Well, Im afraid I cant agree with you. Thousands of people watch TV, but only a few people commit crime.A: OK. Youve got a point there, but . Its a well-known fact thatB: I know what you mean, but I still think .A: Yes, you are right, but only in a sense. Take the case of ch

39、ildren.B: Fair enough, but to me, parents should take the responsibility to ensure their children avoid watching too much violence.A: Well, you can think that way, but Im still not convinced.Speaking for communication 4 Role-play the situations.Situation 2Discussing whether exams are necessary A: Th

40、e way I see it, exams are a waste of time. Its a well- known fact thatB: Well, thats true, but I dont think there are better ways to evaluate students.A: I dont agree. I think teachers can find many other ways to evaluate students. For instance, .B: OK, they certainly can, but . I would suggest that

41、 schools improve the quality of exams. For example, .A: Yes, youve got a point there. Teachers do need to improve the quality of exams if there have to be exams.Speaking for communication 1 Listen and answer the questions.1 Which topics below do the two speakers talk about? What is the order of the

42、topics in the womans list? The topics and their order: car, friendship, good food, money, and free time. 2 Which two things are the most important for the man? Friendship and money. 3 How happy does the man think he is, on a scale of one to five, five being very happy? Four4 What would make him happ

43、ier? More free time.Get ideasSpeaking for communication 2 Listen and order the questions.Get idease. Have you got a minute? b. Do you mind if I ask you some questions? c. Which two of these would you find the most difficult to live without?d. How happy would you say you are, on a scale of one to fiv

44、e, five being very happy? a. What would you say is missing from your life, so what would make you happier?Speaking for communication 3 Work in groups and interviews the others about their opinions on happiness. Follow the questions below and take notes on their answers. Discuss and organize ideasSpe

45、aking for communication1 . How would you define happiness? 2 . Which two of the following six things would you find the most difficult to live without: friendship, health, sport or exercise, money, good food, or free time? 3 . How happy would you say you are, on a scale of one to five, five being ve

46、ry happy? 4 . What would you say is missing from your life? 5 . Are you more happy or less happy than you were five years ago? Discuss and organize ideas4 Work with your group members. Use the following outline to organize a report for your survey. Speaking for communicationl Introduction to the sur

47、vey (purpose, method, etc.):1 ) Purpose: To find out what college studentsthink of happiness and how they evaluatetheir own sense of happiness.2 ) Method: By interviewing four of myclassmates with five questions. Discuss and organize ideas4 Work with your group members. Use the following outline to

48、organize a report for your survey. Speaking for communicationl Findings and analysis:1 ) Most of them defined happiness as something related to ones state of mind.2 ) Regarding the two things most difficult to live without, most of them chose health, friendship, free time, or sport, but one chose go

49、od food and money.3 ) All of them rated their level of happiness as three or four.4 ) Their answers to the last two questions were surprisingly the same. All of them said that they lacked money and that they felt less happy than they were five years ago, probably because of the pressure associated w

50、ith study and career choice. Discuss and organize ideas4 Work with your group members. Use the following outline to organize a report for your survey. Speaking for communicationl Conclusions from the survey:1 ) Students have a proper understanding ofhappiness.2 ) They value health, friendship and fr

51、ee timemore than material things.3 ) They are fairly satisfied with their currentsituation.4 ) They want to have more money.5 ) They feel less happy nowadays. 5 Present your talk to the class. Before you begin, refer to the checklist below to see if you are ready.Present ideas Checklistp Present the

52、 survey questions correctly. p Summarize the findings clearly. p Make reasonable analysis of the findings. p Organize the report clearly. p Use linking sentences well to move from one part to another. p Use a variety of words and sentence structures. Speaking for communication Speaking for communica

53、tionAdditional TipsImpromptu speeches (即興演講)there are tips for outlining and delivering the best speech possible. 1 Think about the topic you are going to speak about, focusing on what you know about it. If you are allowed to choose your topic, select one that youre familiar with and can speak freel

54、y about. Speaking for communicationAdditional Tips2 Outline your thoughts quickly on an index card or a piece of paper if you have a chance. Its generally a good idea to follow the four simple steps here: l State the question you are answering. l State the point(s) you wish to make. l Support your p

55、oint(s) with evidence and reasoning. l Summarize your point(s). Speaking for communicationAdditional Tips3 Once you start speaking, keep eye contact with the audience. Help them keep track of your ideas with signals such as firstly, secondly, thirdly, to sum up, etc. 4 Keep your speech short. An imp

56、romptu speech shouldnt be too long. Normally its around two or three minutes. So, after you discuss each point, wrap things up quickly. You can think of a way such as restating your main point(s), using a quote, etc. to finish as strongly as you started. 1 Q: What does the man think the government c

57、ould do? C. Provide financial help for homeless people. 2 Q: What does the man suggest to change the situation? A. Holding some social activities.3 Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? B. Use the subway to avoid heavy traffic.4 Q: What does the man think we all should do? C. Extend a helping h

58、and and give love to poor people. 5 Q: What are the two speakers talking about? D. How to reuse items to live a green life. Further practice in listening 1 Q: Why does the man look upset? B. Because he has too much work to complete.2 Q: How does the woman say she can help the man? A. To help him do

59、his work in her free time.3 Q: What advice does the woman give to the man? B. He should have confidence in himself.4 Q: Why is the restaurant called 3 6 5 ? D. Because it offers seasonal foods. Further practice in listening 1 Q: What negative effect can be caused by workers discontent? A. Less innov

60、ation efforts.2 Q: What percentage of American workers are satisfied with their jobs as found by the survey? D. 4 5 .3 percent. 3 Q: Why is it that people aged 2 5 to 3 4 are most satisfied with their jobs? D. Because they see more opportunities for promotion as baby boomers retire. 4 Q: What can we

61、 conclude about the reasons behind job dissatisfaction? C. The reasons for job dissatisfaction are found to be various. Further practice in listening Additional NotesBaby Boomerone of those people born in the years between 1 9 4 6 and 1 9 6 4 in the United States. During this period, the US experien

62、ced a great increase in the birth rate. The baby boomers are believed to be at least in part a result of the post World War II prosperity and a societal sense of hopefulness and of the new found peace. Further practice in listening 1 ) prevalent 2 ) scary 3 ) be classified as 4 ) epidemic 5 ) ratio

63、6 ) diagnosed 7 ) keeping track of 8 ) was still associated with 9 ) affirm 1 0 ) in terms of Further practice in listening Use the following self-assessment checklist to check what you have learned in this unit.OK Needs workI can talk about social issues. I can identify supporting details in listening. I can support my viewpoint. I can conduct a happiness survey and summarize the results. I can make an impromptu speech. Wrapping up Fun time