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1、Lesson Five The One Against the Many 一個(gè)對(duì)多個(gè) Ⅰ.Vocabulary A. Look up the following words and phrases. Select the meaning that best suits the sentence in which each appears: 1. to approach: to begin dealing with; to adopt a method for attaining a goal or purpose 2. faith: complete ,unquestioning a

2、cceptance of something 3. philosophical commitment: dedication to abstract thought-out principles 4. to report: to give an account (of); to describe 5. Intelligences: bright, perceptive people 6. to condition: to affect, modify or influence 7. to translate: to transform or convert 8. temper: a

3、 frame of mind; character 9. free: (of a person) able to act at will; not under compulsion or restraint 10. to betray: to lead astray; to deceive Ⅴ. Explain the following in your own words, bringing out any implied meanings: 1. As a nation, America has refused to cling to certain rigid pricipl

4、es concerning social and economic development. America has been adaptable and flexible. 2. No one can say that Americans have never been tempted by the approach of understanding, preserving or transforming the world according to rigid dogmas. 3. A mind influenced by Calvinist theology would surely

5、 find it somewhat difficult to resist other ideological temptations to ideological thinking. 4. Pragmatism is not completely free from abstract ideas just as ideology is not completely free from experience, that is to say, abstract ideas have a place in pragmatism just as experience has a role in i

6、deology. 5. As a man following a fixed set of beliefs, Jefferson is only an interesting historical figure. His beliefs are out of date and are irrelevant to present day reality. 6. The essence of the dogma is put in the hands of a few priests who can never go wrong. 7. In this universe a person w

7、hose mind is unconstrained may be able to discover relative truths but no man on earth can claim that he has already grasped the one and only Truth. 8. Ideology has the characteristic of a narcotic. In spite of the fact that it has been proved wrong many times by experience, people still long to co

8、mmit themselves to ideology. 9. The only thing that is sure of a despotic system is the unrestricted exercise of power. 10. The most outstanding achievement of humanity is they know that no matter how hard they try, they cannot achieve Absolute Truth, yet they continue to make great efforts and re

9、fuse to give up. Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese: A. Phrases 1. 人的尊嚴(yán) 2. 智力提高 3. 生產(chǎn)資料 4. 代議制政府機(jī)構(gòu) 5. 教條式的偏見(jiàn) 6. 分析問(wèn)題的理論體系 7. 一系列必須遵循的主張 8. 僵硬的經(jīng)驗(yàn)理論 9. （由于信仰教條的原因）使選擇的范圍變得十分狹小 10. 宿命論的歷史觀 11. 封閉的世界 12. 豐富的、永不停地的人類(lèi)生活 13. 獨(dú)自掌握了絕對(duì)真理 14. 自由思想不受約束的交流 15. 鐵板一塊的世界 B. Sentence 1. 美國(guó)的

10、經(jīng)驗(yàn)在許多方面都是獨(dú)特的。 2. 這個(gè)國(guó)家有著得天獨(dú)厚的優(yōu)勢(shì)——主要是人口相對(duì)稀少而資源十分豐富。 3. 它源于對(duì)思想原則的信仰，而不是出于對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的追求…… 4. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)民主是使人的才智得到充分施展、人的能量得以充分發(fā)揮的最好方式。 5. 在意識(shí)形態(tài)體系與經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義斗爭(zhēng)的歷史上，意識(shí)形態(tài)體系曾吸引了人類(lèi)歷史上一些聰明絕頂?shù)娜宋铩? 6. 在她處于最佳時(shí)期時(shí)，美國(guó)可以說(shuō)超越了所有的意識(shí)形態(tài)體系。 7. ……政府管得越少越好…… 8. 說(shuō)實(shí)在的，杰斐遜一生在意識(shí)形態(tài)體系上所做的努力與他的性格是相矛盾的。他的性格特征基本上是靈活的、從經(jīng)驗(yàn)出發(fā)的。 9. 我甚至建議在思想界和學(xué)術(shù)界的討論中摒棄某些用濫了的詞語(yǔ)?！@些詞語(yǔ)只能使頭腦發(fā)熱，而不會(huì)給人以智慧的光芒。 10. 自由人掌握許多具體的真理，但他們認(rèn)為沒(méi)有一個(gè)凡人能夠掌握絕對(duì)真理。 部分文檔在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上收集，請(qǐng)下載后24小時(shí)內(nèi)刪除，不得傳播，不得用于商業(yè)目的，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系本人。謝謝