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1、全國(guó)職稱英語等級(jí)考試 押題與答案解析_衛(wèi)生類_B級(jí) 第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng) (第1～15題，每題1分，共15分) 下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與劃線部分意義最相近的 1．At first glance, a forest appears to be a haphazard collection of trees, shrubs, vines, and flowers. A random B total C graded D natural 2．Leaves are not distribut

2、ed accidentally on a plant stem, but are arranged in a very precise way that assures them the maximum light. A dangerously B densely C randomly D linearly 3． Medieval cities grew rapidly when they had harbors nearby. A merchants B castles C suburbs D ports 4．Because of harsh weather

3、 conditions, more than a dozen states in the United States were declared disaster areas in 1977. A severe B bizarre C moist D improbable 5．The best olive oil is obtained from olives that are harvested just after they ripen and before they turn black. A preserved B squeezed C gathered

4、 D sorted 6．Youth hostels provide inexpensive lodging for young people throughout the United States and in other countries. A clothes B entertainment C transportation D accommodations 7．South Carolinas mineral resources are abundant, but not all of them can be lucratively mined. A profitably

5、 B safely C easily D extensively 8．When the United States stock market fell in 1929, many stockholders were forced to sell their shares at ludicrously low prices. A predictably B relatively C suspiciously D ridiculously 9．Frostbitten fingers and toes should be treated with lukewarm wa

6、ter. A frigid B tepid C boiling D steamy 10．Georgia O’Keeffe’s best known paintings are those in which she magnified flowers or animal skulls to fill the picture. A enlarged B dissected C duplicated D glorified 11．Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have r

7、esided in colonies. A lived B died C hunted D fed 12．Over thirty cities around the world boast more than five million residents. A jobs B dwellings C blocks D inhabitants 13．By 1900, many municipalities had begun to restrict the use of automobiles in order to ensure pedestrian saf

8、ety. A test B limit C standardize D prohibit 14．High wages and restrictive work practices are said to have created new nonunion competition. A inefficient B recognized C limiting D dangerous 15．The most important result of the Lewis and Clark expedition was that it enabled the Unite

9、d States to claim the Oregon region. A regret B problem C outcome D controversy 第二部分：閱讀判斷 (第16～22題，每題1分，共7分) 閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A涂黑；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑；如果該句的信息在文章中沒有提及，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑。 Look after Your Voice Often speakers at a meeting experience dry

10、mouths and ask for a glass of water. You can solve the problem by activating the saliva in you mouth. First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth. Or, press your entire tongue to the bottom of your mouth and hold it there until the saliva flow. Or you can imagine that you are slicing

11、a big juicy lemon and sucking the juice. Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice. If you sense that your are losing your voice, stop talking completely

12、. Save your voice for your speech. You may feel foolish using paper to write notes, but the best thing you can do is to rest your voice. If you need to see a doctor, perhaps you can get some advice from a professional singer. In the meantime, do not even talk in a low voice. What about drinking alc

13、ohol to wet your throat? I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking. The problem with alcohol is that one drink gives you a little confidence. The second drink gives you even more confidence. Finally you will feel all—powerful and you will feel you can do everything, but in fact your brain an

14、d your mouth do not work together properly .Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking. Perhaps you want to accept the advice, but you may wonder if you can ever change the habits of a lifetime. Of course you can. Goethe, who lived before indoor skating sinks or swimming pools, said, “We lea

15、rn to skate in the summer and swim in the winter.”Take this message to heart and give yourself time to develop your new habits. If you are willing to change, you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your body. 16 To solve the problem o

16、f dry mouths, one is advised to take cool milk. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 The first paragraph mentions three ways of activating the saliva in the mouth. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 The writer suggests that you go to see a doctor when you feel you are losing your voi

17、ce. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 The writer’s advice about alcohol before you make a speech is to take one or two drinks so as to give yourself some confidence. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 Due to the effect of alcohol, your thought and your mouth will not coordinate pr

18、operly. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 Goethe often did outdoor skating and swimming. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 The writer cites Goethe to prove that one can change one’s habits. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第三部分：概括大意與完成句子 (第23～30題，每題1分，共8分) 閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后

19、有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～5段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題；(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。 The Conquest of Distance 1 In 1848,pioneers who crossed the American continent in their wagons made the trip in 109 days. Today a New York family can drive by automobile to San Francisco in less

20、 than a week or make the trip in several days by train, or fly there in five hours. The transportation has conquered the vastness of the land and brought together people living thousands of kilometers apart. 2 Railroads played a major role in uniting the far reaches of the continent. In 1830 there

21、were only 37 kilometers of railroad track in the United States. But by 1863,two companies proposed to connect the east and west coast by a railroad all the way across the continent. Advancing eastward from California, the Central Pacific pushed forward across the desert; the Union Pacific moved slow

22、ly westward over the mountain plateaus. Finally, in 1869,the tracks of the two railroads met, and the first transcontinental railroad—the first real link between east and west—was completed. 3 Although the railroads brought towns and cities together, they could not go everywhere. In many parts of A

23、merica, distances are so great that automobiles are necessities, not luxuries. As we have noted, most American farmers do not live in villages but are sometimes kilometers from their nearest neighbor and even hundreds of kilometers from a town. Large—scale farming is common in many parts of the Unit

24、ed States today, but it did not become profitable until there were trucks and tractors. Trucks and cars go wherever there is a road and the more than six million kilometers of roads bring every field and barn into the circle of civilization. 4 The family automobile has helped to bring people of the

25、 United States two other things—two things which can seldom exist at the same time: community life and the privilege of privacy. In the early days of industrialization, factory workers lived close together, within walking distance of their jobs. As industries grew, more and more working class famili

26、es lived together in crowded conditions. But with the construction of longer and better roads and with the greater availability of automobiles and other means of rapid transportation, it was no longer to live close to the factory. New residential areas, suburbs, grew up outside the big cities and, i

27、ncreasingly, industry and commerce concentrated in the cities. Every morning, millions of Americans dive their automobiles to work in the city ,sometimes a distance of around 100 kilometers. At night they drive home to houses and apartments outside the cities, surrounded by trees and lawns. 5 Autom

28、obiles and other methods of rapid transportation are also changing American industry. Instead of continuing to concentrate in the big cities, industry is building factories in previously undeveloped areas. Because the means of transportation are available, it is not hard to transport people as well

29、as materials to the places where they are needed. This factor was largely responsible for the remarkable growth of the Pacific Coast during and after World War Ⅱ.As industries built new factories in the Far West, Americans from all over the country moved west to take advantage of new jobs and new op

30、portunities. 6 The airplane, too, has played a major role in uniting Americans. Only 70 years after the Wright brothers made the first successful airplane flight, the United States had move than 277,000 kilometers of regular flight routes. People and goods can now travel to every part of the countr

31、y in less time than ever before. Human beings have conquered the distances which lie between them. 23 Paragraph 2_________ 24 Paragraph 3_________ 25 Paragraph 4_________ 26 Paragraph 5_________ A Automobiles promote farming. B Planes bring people even closer. C Railroads unite the

32、 whole country. D Building railroads is costly. E Transportation makes it possible for workers to move out of cities. F People can travel all over the world. 27 In the early days it took more than three months for people _________. 28 Not until trucks and tractors came into wide use _________

33、. 29 While family automobiles have given people greater freedom to move about, they have at the same time deprived people _________. 30 Faster than both trains and automobiles, planes have shortened the distance between people _________. A of the opportunities to live more closely with others

34、B did largescale farming become possible C was quickly popularized D to an even greater degree E to travel from the east of the country to the West F was greatly improved 第四部分：閱讀理解 (第31～45題，每題3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。 第一篇 Looki

35、ng to the Future—2040 Do you forget to turn off the lights and heaters when you go out of a room? In 2040 it will not matter. They will turn themselves off—and on again when you return. You will choose the temperature for each room, the lighting and the humidity. A sensor will detect the presence o

36、f a human ( and, with luck, ignore the dog! ) and turn the systems on, and when the humans leave it will turn them off again. The sensors will work through the central home computer, and they will do much more than just turn the fires and lights on and off for you. They will detect faulty electric

37、al appliances, plugs or switches, isolate them so that they cannot harm anyone, and then warn you that they need repair. They will detect fire and if you are out of the house, the computer will call the fire brigade. It will also call the police should the sensors detect an intruder. This will not

38、 be difficult because the locks on the outside doors will be electronic. You will open them using your personal card—the one you use for shopping—maybe using a number known only to you. It will be impossible to lose the key, and a housebreaker will have to tamper (撥弄) with the lock or with a window

39、. It is not very difficult to make such tampering send a signal to the computer. The computer will be more than a fireman—policeman—servant. It will be an entertainer, and most of your entertainment will come right into your home. It does now, of course, but by 2040 “entertainment” will mean much m

40、ore. For one thing, you will be able to take part actively, rather than just watching 31 The author intends to tell us that _________. A in 2040 we will live without the lights and heaters B In 2040 we will use much more lights and heaters C In 2040 there will be no switches of lights and heat

41、ers D In 2040 lights and heaters will be on and off automatically 32 Which of the following statements is NOT true? A The sensor is multi—functional. B Without a computer, the sensor cannot do much. C The sensor will detect fire and make an emergency call. D You can be taken for an intruder i

42、f you tamper with the lock or with a window. 33 According to the author, in 2040, new technology . _________ A will free us from the keys we use today B will turn everything into sensors C will make the locks out of date D will eliminate all crimes 34 Thanks to computers, in 2040 people ______

43、___ . A will have no entertainment outside B will replace TV with computers C will be controlled by computers D will have more fun at home 35 The best title for the passage might be _________. A Sensors and Computers B Life at Home in the Year 2040 C The Development of Science and Techn

44、ology D Lights and Heaters in the Year 2040 第二篇 Preventing Child Maltreatment Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious lifelong consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low—and middle—inc

45、ome countries, are lacking. 　　Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 510% of men report being Sexually abused as c

46、hildren, while2550% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to1 emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse). 　　Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true ext

47、ent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls, burns and drowning. 　　Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have longterm consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disru

48、ption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioral, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioral and mental health consequences, maltreatment can c

49、ontribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.4 　　Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longerterm health costs. 　　It is important to emph

50、asize that children are the victims and are never to blame for5 maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of paren

51、ts and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features. 36 The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT _________ according to the passage. 　　A child maltreatment is a global problem 　　B there is no

52、 exact data about lowand midincome countries 　　C there is a shortage of the professional data collectors 　　D different scientists use different research methods 37 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 　　A 20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood. 　　B

53、25—50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused. 　　C 25—50% of children were psychologically abused. 　　D 60—75% of children were neglected by their parents. 38 Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT _________ according

54、 to the passage. 　　A drowning in swimming B diarrhea 　　C bums D falls 39 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment? 　　A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when he grows up. 　　B Child maltreatment hurts his nervous and im

55、mune systems. 　　C Child maltreatment damages his early brain development. 　　D The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood. 40 The maltreated children often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT according to the passage. 　　A they frequently and easily cry 　　B they are

56、 in infants or in adolescent period 　　C they are often neglected by their parents or friends 　　D they often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents 第三篇 Learning Disabilities Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four ti

57、mes as many boys as girls have learning disabilities. Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any qu

58、estion that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized. You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.

59、 In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learningdisabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning disabled person, however, these cells were

60、 gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together. The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning d

61、isabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed. Other researchers

62、did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brains electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals. Frank Duffy experimented with this technique at Childrens Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy found large differences in the brain activity of normal children

63、and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side. 41 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A Learning disabilities may r

64、esult from the unknown area of the brain. B Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brain. C Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of the brain cells. D Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain. 42 Scientists fo

65、und that the brain cells of a learningdisabled person differ from those of a normal person in . A structure and function B color and function C size and arrangement D color and arrangement 43 All of the following statements are TRUE except that _________ . A many factors account for lear

66、ning disorder B a learning—disabled person shows no outward signs C reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the population D the brain activity of learningdisabled children is different from that of normal children 44 Doctor Duffy believed that_________ . A he found the exact cause of learning disabilities B the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain C the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the