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1、Unit 3 Understanding each other Grammar and usage Unreal conditionals state a condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary. Unreal conditionals 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣用來陳述一個(gè)不虛擬語氣用來陳述一個(gè)不真實(shí)或者想象的情況。真實(shí)或者想象的情況。 We use unreal conditionals to state a present condition or situation that is not real or is i

2、maginary. 1) If I got married in UK, I would expect a present. 2) I could reach the book if I were a bit taller. 3) If I had the chance, I might want to be a translator. 我們用虛擬語氣陳述我們用虛擬語氣陳述現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在不真實(shí)或想象的情景。不真實(shí)或想象的情景。 We form unreal present conditionals like this: If was/were/did , would/could/might do 1

3、. 假如現(xiàn)在我有更多的時(shí)間，我就會學(xué)習(xí)德語。假如現(xiàn)在我有更多的時(shí)間，我就會學(xué)習(xí)德語。 If I had more time now，I would study German. 2. 要是我象你一樣年輕要是我象你一樣年輕,我就會找時(shí)間鍛煉。我就會找時(shí)間鍛煉。 If I were/was young as you, I would find time to exercise. Practice: 1) Would, could and might are often interchangeable, but with some difference in meaning. would intent

4、ion; plan could ability; possibility might probability 2) In written English or in formal situation, we usually use were in If-clauses in place of was. However, in everyday conversation, was is often used. TIP We also use unreal conditionals to refer to an imaginary past action. 1) If you had joined

5、 the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about. 2) If the man had pointed with his first finger while he was in Brunei, everyone would have thought that he was very rude. 我們用虛擬語氣表示想象中發(fā)生在我們用虛擬語氣表示想象中發(fā)生在過去過去的動作。的動作。 We form unreal past conditionals like this: If had be

6、en/done, would/could/might have done 1)如果他抓緊時(shí)間，他本來能趕上那趟火車。如果他抓緊時(shí)間，他本來能趕上那趟火車。 If he had hurried, he could have caught the train. 2)如果你昨天告訴他，他也許會提些建議了。如果你昨天告訴他，他也許會提些建議了。 If you had told him yesterday, he might have made some suggestions. We use unreal future conditionals to talk about imaginary futu

7、re situations. 1) If I had time tomorrow, I would certainly help you. 2) If I were to fail my Maths test, I would have to take it again at the end of the term. 3) If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it. 我們用虛擬語氣表示想象中發(fā)生在我們用虛擬語氣表示想象中發(fā)生在將來將來的情景。的情景。 We form unreal future conditionals l

8、ike this: Ifwas/were/did/should/were to, would/should/might do 1) 假如我要出國，我就會去法國。假如我要出國，我就會去法國。 If I were to go abroad, I would go to France. 2) 萬一明天下雨，我們的郊游就推遲。萬一明天下雨，我們的郊游就推遲。 If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. We can also put should, were and had at the beginning of an unreal

9、 conditional sentence. In this case, if is not needed any more. 1) If you should make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed. Should you make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed. 2 ) If you had told me earlier, I would not have this problem now. Had you told me earlier, I would not have this

10、problem now. 3) If you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner. Were you to take the train, you would be there much sooner. We can also use could + the present perfect with the if-clause for unreal conditionals. E.g. E.g. If I could have told you about cultural differences between Ita

11、ly and the UK, I would have. More practice Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets in their proper forms. 1. You didnt let me drive. If we _ (drive) in turn, you _(not get) so tired. 2. _it _(not be) for your help, I couldnt have made any progress. had driven wouldnt have got Had not

12、 been 3. Has Mr Smith recovered now? Yes. Who _ (think) that such a serious illness could be cured? 4. _it _(rain) tomorrow, the match would be called off. would have thought Were / Should to rain / rain 6. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if _ _(get) a job, she probably w

13、ouldnt be able to see her friends very often. could have been organized /should get/got 5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They said that it _ (organize) better. were to get 7. Much labour would have been saved if electronic computer _ (invent) before. 8. Well don

14、e, Jack！ Thanks. But given more time, I _(do) it better. had been invented could/would/might have done Choose the right answer: 1. Everything if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade. A. will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed 2. The business i

15、s risky. But _ , we would be rich. A. should we succeed B. we should succeed C. might we succeed D. would we succeed 3. What would have happened, _, as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 4. I _ you some mo

16、ney, but I hadnt any on me then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent 5. _ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Was he leaving B. If he leaves C. Were he to leave D. If he is leaving 6. Supposing this ship ,do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the pas

17、sengers? A.were to sink B. has sunk C. was sinking D. sunk 7. I dont think hell attend the party, and _ he attend it, what would he wear? A. were B. had C. did D. should 8.My boss often made me work day and night. If I _ you, I _ the job. A. am, will give up B. had been, would have given up C. were,

18、 would give up D. had been, would give up 9. You can ask your brother for help. He isnt at home. If he _, I _. A. were, would B. is, would C. is, will D. were, will 10. Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation? No, but if I _ time, I very glad to go there. A. have, will be B. had had,

19、 would have been C. had, would be D. had had, would be 11. Sally finally got here from Chicago. If she_ earlier, we _ her to the party then. A. came, would take B. had come, would have taken C. comes, will take D. had come, would take 12. If you _ George, would you please tell him to ring me? A.saw

20、B. were to see C. had seen D. see I always buy the same brand of toothpaste just out of (= because of) habit. 出于習(xí)慣出于習(xí)慣我總是買相同品牌的牙膏。我總是買相同品牌的牙膏。 I used to swim twice a week, but I seem to have got out of (= ended) the habit recently. 我過去一個(gè)星期游兩次泳我過去一個(gè)星期游兩次泳, 但最近我似乎但最近我似乎戒戒除了這一習(xí)慣除了這一習(xí)慣。 habit用來指一個(gè)人根深蒂固的

21、一種行為方式，它用來指一個(gè)人根深蒂固的一種行為方式，它如此地根深蒂固，以致于人們不用有意識地去想如此地根深蒂固，以致于人們不用有意識地去想就能完成這個(gè)動作。就能完成這個(gè)動作。 custom習(xí)俗，風(fēng)俗：某一特定群體或地區(qū)習(xí)俗，風(fēng)俗：某一特定群體或地區(qū)的人們所遵循的慣例的人們所遵循的慣例 國與國之間的社會習(xí)俗有很大的差異。國與國之間的社會習(xí)俗有很大的差異。 Social customs vary greatly from country to country. eyes shining with expectation 眼中閃耀著期盼的目光眼中閃耀著期盼的目光 beyond expectation

22、 料想不到料想不到 live up to sb.s expectations 不辜負(fù)某人的期望不辜負(fù)某人的期望 That sounds like a good idea. It sounds as if they had a good holiday. 那聽起來象個(gè)好主意。那聽起來象個(gè)好主意。 聽起來他們好象度過了一個(gè)愉快的假期。聽起來他們好象度過了一個(gè)愉快的假期。 高考鏈接高考鏈接 I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. _ good. A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds （2

23、006湖北）湖北） hopefully Do you have a cigarette? he asked hopefully. 他滿懷希望地問他滿懷希望地問:“你有煙嗎？”你有煙嗎？” 高考鏈接高考鏈接 The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will _ have been solved by the end of next week. (2006江蘇江蘇) A. eagerly B. hopefully C. immediately D. gradually approval 1. 批準(zhǔn)批準(zhǔn),通過通過 The proje

24、ct has now received approval from the government. 這項(xiàng)工程現(xiàn)在還沒有得到政府的批準(zhǔn)呢。這項(xiàng)工程現(xiàn)在還沒有得到政府的批準(zhǔn)呢。 2. 贊成贊成,認(rèn)可認(rèn)可,同意同意 He showed his approval by smiling. 他以微笑表示了贊成。他以微笑表示了贊成。 approve vt.批準(zhǔn)批準(zhǔn), 通過通過 ; vi.贊成贊成, 滿意滿意 The court approved the sale of the house. 法庭批準(zhǔn)了房子的出售。法庭批準(zhǔn)了房子的出售。 He doesnt approve of smoking. 他不贊成吸煙

25、。他不贊成吸煙。 disapprove/ disapproval I approve of your trying to earn some money. ambition: 野心野心,雄心雄心,企圖企圖; 所希望的東西所希望的東西 He has already achieved his main ambition in life to become wealthy. 他已實(shí)現(xiàn)了他生活中的理想他已實(shí)現(xiàn)了他生活中的理想變得富有。變得富有。 野心勃勃野心勃勃 be full of ambition 她的理想是成為著名的歌唱家。她的理想是成為著名的歌唱家。 Her ambition was to b

26、e a famous singer. ambitious 野心勃勃的；有抱負(fù)的野心勃勃的；有抱負(fù)的 an ambitious young lawyer 一個(gè)有抱負(fù)的年輕律師一個(gè)有抱負(fù)的年輕律師 be ambitious for power, social position, etc. 極欲獲得極欲獲得權(quán)力權(quán)力, 社會地位等社會地位等 be ambitious to succeed in life 立志要有所成就立志要有所成就 Magic Lantern Magic Brush Magic Stick Time Machine What would you do if you had a? Homework Finish Parts C1 and C2 on Page 118 in Workbook.