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1、Key to Exercises ofMark Twain- Mirror of AmericaJacques DanvoisII. (P. 124) A 1. The other Mark Twain the author found was a man who grew cynical,bitter,saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race,who saw clearly ahead a

2、black wall of night. 2. His experience immensely enriched his writing and helped him depict various characters successfully in his works.II. (P. 124) A 3 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. 4. He sharply satirized tourists who had no idea of the lands they sawexcept what the guide books

3、 fed them. The book became an instant best-sellerbecause it was full of scathing comments on Europe and the Holy Land, whichstimulated great interest among Americans.II. (P. 124) A 5. Because it successfully described Toms mischievous daring，ingenuity，and the sweet innocence of his affection for Bec

4、ky Thatcher and became a juvenile classic. With the character of Huck Finn, Twain best expressed his desire to escape from the pace he lived by and often deplored，from lifes regularities and the energy-consuming desire for success. And in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain also suggested that

5、 an ingredient was missing in the American ambition and American people should keep their vitality and enterprise.II. (P. 124) A 6. According to Twain, Americans should keep their daring and pioneering spirit by relaxing, resting,or staying away from the crazy struggle for success occasionally and k

6、eep their edges sharp. 7. He suffered the deaths of loved ones： his father,brother,son, two daughters and wife. He became bitter late in his life just because he had been haunted by profound personal tragedies.II. (P. 124) A 8. Dictating his autobiography late in life,he commented with acrushing sen

7、se of despair on mens final release from earthly struggles: .they vanish from a world where they were of no consequence； where they achieved nothing； wherethey were a mistake and a failure and a foolishness； wherethey have left no sign that they had existed a world which will lament them aday and fo

8、rget them forever. ”II. (P. 124) A 9. Because Mark Twain lived a colorful life, doing a great variety ofjobs and traveling extensively. He met all kinds of people whom he laterdepicted in his works. His life and works reflect the truth of American societyof his time.II.B. (P.125) 1. The first paragr

9、aph functions as a general introduction to the whole passage, through which we can get a glimpse of the great American writer, MarkTwain, who was not only adventurous,patriotic,romantic,and humorous,but also cynical,bitter and unhappy. 2. Mark Twain tried various means to make a living and he spent

10、most of his time traveling across the nation. He shared his experiences with the world in his works which are still very popular with all the readers.II.B. (P.125) 3. The author first introduces the geographical position of Mississippi River and commerce carried on the river. And then the author giv

11、es a brief description of the life of Mark Twain as a young steamboat pilot on the river which greatly enriched the materials of his works. By presenting the description of all sorts of people Mark Twain met on the river,the author means to tell the readers that Mark Twain had a sharp and intense un

12、derstanding ofhuman nature. In short,the experience on the river was both instructive and interesting for Mark Twain.II.B. (P.125) 4. The author explores how the geographical locations helped Mark Twain succeed in his writing career. The author first makes the readers travel with Mark Twain to Nevad

13、as Washoe region,where he succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever,and accepted the job as a newspaper reporter due to his mining failure. From then on,he began working hard to gain regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. Then the author makes the readers board with Mark Twain

14、for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers.But because of some scathing columns he wrote, Mark Twain fled to the goldfields in the Sacramento Valley. There in Angels Camp he kept a notebook from which his first successful short story “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras C

15、ounty” was born. Mark Twains national reputation was then well established as “the wild humorist of the Pacific slope. ”II. B. (P.125) 5. Mark Twain had an opportunity to accompany a group of Americans to take a distinctly American look at the Old World and the Holy Land as correspondent for a Calif

16、ornia newspaper. He showed contempt for the Sultan ofTurkey and exposed respected artists and art treasures, and even made critical remarks on the Holy Land. This travel made The Innocents Abroad an instant best-seller. 6. The author quotes from Huck to show that Huck is simple and honest with littl

17、e education. II. B. (P.125) 7. Haunted by profound personal tragedies，Mark Twains writing style shifted from a humorous to a bitter and satirical one and his last illusions crumbled. He commented on mens final death with a crushing sense of despair. The end of the essay is closely related to the beg

18、inning of the essay where the author presents another aspect of Mark Twain who was saddened by the profound personal tragedies. In the end, the author shows the readers how Mark Twain felt hopeless with his illusions crumbling.III. Paraphrase(p.126)1. Mark Twain is remembered by most Americans as th

19、e author of The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.Huck Finn is known for his simple and pleasant journey through his boyhood which seems eternal and Tom Sawyer is noted for his freedom and adventure in one summer which seems never to end. The two characters seem to be re

20、membered by all readers forever.III. Paraphrase(p.126)2. His new work (on the boat) made it possible for him to meet a large variety of people. It was a world of all types of characters.3. All would reappear in his books together with the colorful language that he took in mentally with a good memory

21、 which seemed to be able to record things like a phonograph.III. Paraphrase(p.126)4. Steamboat decks were mainly filled with people of pioneering spirit (people who explored and prepared the way for others) and also lawless people or social outcasts such as hustlers,gamblers and thugs.5. He went wes

22、t by a horse-drawn public vehicle,following the flow of people in the gold rush in Nevadas Washoe region.III. Paraphrase (p.126) 6. MarkTwain began to work hard to become well known locally as a newspaper reporter and humorist. 7. “Those who came pioneering out west were vigorous，courageous and reck

23、less people，because all the slowdull and lazy people stayed at home. ” 8. “Well，thats totally typical of California.III. Paraphrase (p.126) 9. If we could relax，rest，or stay away from all this crazy struggle for success occasionally and keep our edges sharp, our people should be strong and full of e

24、nergy and we might be a nation of thinkers. 10. Near the end of his life,he seemed to have lost the last bit of his positive view of human and the world. IV. A (P.127) 1. starry-eyed: full of hopes or dreams about sb. /sth. in an unrealistic way acid-tongued：sharp, sarcastic in speech 2. medicine sh

25、ow：a show given by entertainers who travel from place to place,accompanied by quacks and fake Indians, selling cure-alls, snake-bite medicine,etc. 3. flirt：originally meaning to pretend to love sb. without serious intention； here meaning to try but not hard or persistent enough IV. A (P.127) 4. stri

26、ke：a sudden discovery of sth. valueable, esp mineral ores 5. hotbed: a place where a lot of a certain activity，esp. sth. bad or violent，is happening 6. ring:to produce，as by sounding，a specified impression on the hearer 7. project： to propose, to make plans for sth in the future. 8. entry：an item th

27、at is written or printed in a dictionary, an account book,a diary,etc. IV.A (P.127) 9. shot：a large number of small lead balls that are fired together from a shotgun 10. sorely: seriously, very much 11. shot ： a critical remark 12. bowl：a hollow land formation IV. B (P.127) 1. Romantic means dominat

28、ed or full of feelings, thoughts and attitudes characteristic of or suitable for romance； passionate, adventurous, idealistic,etc. Sentimental means producing emotions such as pity, nostalgia or sadness，which may be too strong or not appropriate. Humorous means funny and entertaining; showing a sens

29、e of humor. Witty means able to say or write clever, amusing things.IV. B (P.128) 2. A cynic refers to a person who believes that people only do things to help themselves, rather than for good or sincere reasons. A critic refers to a person who expresses opinions about the good and bad qualities of

30、books, music, etc. or a person who publicly expresses disapproval of sb. /sth. and talks about their bad qualities.IV. B (P.128) 3. In American usage, timber is wood suitable for building houses, ships, etc. whether cut or still in the form trees Lumber means wood that is sawed into beams, planks, b

31、oards, etc., of convenient sizes. In British usage，timber and lumber have the same meaning.IV. B (P.128) 4. Claim means to say that sth. is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it. Proclaim means to announce officially. 5. Demand means the desire of customers for goo

32、ds or services which they want to buy or use,opposed to supply in supply and demand,and it is an economic term. In the text, the demand is for steamboat pilots. Need is a general term. Halt is more specific than ,suggesting a temporary stop.IV. B (P.128) 6. Mistreatment means the state of being trea

33、ted wrongly or unfairly, ill-treatment means the state of being treated cruelly or unkindly. 7. Consequence means simple causation in a neutral way,but often refers to a negative result. Result is a general word,suggesting a strict causal link.IV. B (P.128) 8. A pleasure cruise is one for pleasure o

34、r sightseeings tourist expedition by ship. It may turn out to be not pleasant. A pleasant cruise is a voyage that is pleasant,but not necessarily a tourist one. 9. A correspondent is a reporter who reports news from a particular country or on a particular subject for a newspaper or a television or r

35、adio station.IV. B (P.128) 10. Despair means the feeling of having lost all hope. Desperation means the state of being desperate or violent,resulting from despair. When one is in despair, he may kill himself, while when one is in desperation,he may kill others. V. Translation A (P.128) 1. Tom was ev

36、ery bit as intelligent as the top one in his class. 2. He was obsessed with anxieties of poverty. 3. Dongting Lake teems with fish and shrimps. 4. Under pressure,he had no choice but quit. 5. At that time,a lot of children succumbed to smallpox. V. Translation A (P.128)6. Much to his horror，he found

37、 the cabin flooded. He was horrified to find the cabin flooded. 7. It was not until midnight that the surgeon finished the complex major operation.8. . Thats Peter all over. Thats Peters personalities all over. Thats typical of Peter. V. Translation A (P.128)9. The history course has acquainted me w

38、ith ancient civilizations.10. The pursuit and anxiety/ worries of young people find expression in the newly-staged play.The new play expressed/ displayed/ showed/ demonstratedREAD,THINKAND COMMENT 1. The peculiar features of Hucks dialect are double negative (e. g. there aint nothing in the world so

39、 good，We said there warnt no home like a raft，you couldnt make nothing else out，etc.)， ungrammatical but vivid modifiers (e. g. powerful glad, mighty free,monstrous big river, etc.), irregular use of grammar and spelling (e. g. we wasfree, but a raft dont，Not a sound, anywheres,etc.).READ,THINKAND C

40、OMMENT 2. Yes,it is vivid and lively. The peculiar features add to the vividness of the description and bring out the narrators character. 3. Two things strike us. One is Hucks desire for freedom，for escape from the cruel real world. The other is Hucks description of the dawning of the day, so meticulous，so vivid, so real. One couldnt write such a description without the actual experience.