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1、 SectionⅡ　Warmup & Living in a Community—Language Points betray vt.出賣；背叛；泄露 (教材P134)He is betrayed by a family member. 他被一名家庭成員出賣了。 betray sb./sth.　　　　　　 出賣/背叛某人/某物 betray oneself 露出本來面目，原形畢露 betray...by... 因……而泄露 betray...to... 向……泄露……；向……出賣…… ①That man is likely to betray h

2、is friends to others. 那家伙可能會(向他人)出賣朋友。 ②She was saying something that would betray herself(her)． 她說話時露了自己的底。 ③He betrayed his intention by his behavior. 他的行為泄露了他的意圖。 hand over把……交給；移交(權(quán)力，責(zé)任) (教材P134)Friction between the familyrun business and the military government first became serious wh

3、en the owner wouldnt hand over his “secret recipe”． 當(dāng)擁有者不肯將他的“秘方”轉(zhuǎn)交時，這個家族企業(yè)和軍政府之間的摩擦首次變得嚴(yán)重了。 hand back　　　　　　 交回；歸還 hand on 傳遞 hand down 傳給(后代) hand in 上交，提交 hand out 分發(fā)，散發(fā) ①When will Professor Smith hand back our examination papers? 史密斯教授什么時候會把考卷發(fā)還我們？ ②Please hand on the do

4、cuments to others. 請把這份文件傳遞給他人。 turn to求助于；轉(zhuǎn)向；翻到(書的某頁) (教材P19)turn to the court for justice 向法庭尋求正義 turn away　　　 不準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入，拒絕；打發(fā)走 turn down 擰??；拒絕；調(diào)低 turn in 上交，交還；獲得 turn out 生產(chǎn)；制造；證明是，結(jié)果是 turn up 出現(xiàn)，到場 turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn)；移交 ①All this may turn out to be impossible. 這一切也許會被證明是不可能的。

5、 ②Ma Yun said he was turned down by Harvard 10 times after applying. 馬云說他十次申請哈佛都被拒絕了。 ③He didnt turn up until half an hour later. 半小時后他才出現(xiàn)。 compromise n．妥協(xié)；讓步 (教材P19)Government minister announces compromise on new TV violence laws. 政府部長宣布向新的電視暴力法讓步。 (1)make/reach/come to/arrive at co

6、mpromise 　　　　　　　 達(dá)成妥協(xié)，做出讓步 (2)compromise vi. 妥協(xié)，折中，讓步 compromise with sb. 向某人妥協(xié) compromise on sth. 就某事妥協(xié) ①In any relationship，you have to make a compromise. 在任何關(guān)系中，你都得做出讓步。 ②After much argument，the judges finally compromised on (＝agreed to give the prize to)the 18yearold pianist. 經(jīng)過

7、激烈爭論，評委終于同意那個18歲的鋼琴手獲獎。 ③They were unwilling to compromise with the military，so they continued to fight. 他們不愿與軍方妥協(xié)，所以他們繼續(xù)作戰(zhàn)。 out of control 失控 (教材P19)Army arrests “out of control”civilians. 軍隊逮捕“失控的”平民。 (1)lose control of　　　 失去對……的控制 in control of 掌握/控制 take control of 控制，管理 under

8、 control 處于控制之下 under/in the control of 受……的管理/控制 (2)out of work 失業(yè) out of date 過時 out of sight 看不見 out of balance 失去平衡 out of touch 失去聯(lián)系 ①The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published. 這本詞典過時了：自從它出版以后許多新詞被添加到這種語言中。 ②The fam

9、ily may lose control of the company. 這個家族可能失去對公司的控制權(quán)。 ③There has been some violence after the match，but the police are now in control of the situation. 比賽后發(fā)生了一些暴力事件，但是現(xiàn)在警方已控制了局勢。 expose vt.顯露；暴露；使置身于危險中 (教材P20)Yang Mings neighbours say they were being driven mad being exposed to such nois

10、e. 楊明的鄰居們說處于這樣的噪聲中他們快要被逼瘋了。 (1)expose sb.to sth.使面臨、使遭受(危險或不快)；使接觸、體驗 (2)exposed adj. 無遮蔽的；無保護的 be exposed to 處于可能受傷害的境地 (3)exposure n. 暴露 ①At the presidential debate on Monday night, roughly 100m Americans will be exposed to Mr Trumps magical thinking. 在當(dāng)?shù)貢r間周一晚的總統(tǒng)競選辯論中，大約1億美國人將見識到特

11、朗普的神奇思維。 ②This problem is quite sensitive that might not be exposed(expose) to the medium. 這是一個非常敏感的問題，恐怕不應(yīng)該告訴媒體。 [圖形助記]　 圖解expose含義 classify vt.把……分類 (教材P20)Yang Ming hates being called an alcoholic，but it is the fact that people have classified his music as “noise” that upsets him

12、 most. 楊明憎恨別人叫他酒鬼，但是實際上最讓他傷心的是人們把他的音樂歸類為“噪音”。 (1)classify...into...　　 把……分為…… classify...as... 把……界定為…… classify...by... 按照……分類 (2)classified adj. 分類(級)的 (3)classification n. 分類，分級 ①Patients are classified into three categories. 病人被歸為三種類型。 ②In law，beer is classified as a food p

13、roduct. 在法律上，啤酒歸在食品一類。 ③Classified(classify) by size and color，the apples are put into boxes and shipped abroad. 那些蘋果按大小、顏色分類之后，裝箱、船運海外。 in a flash 瞬間；即刻 (教材P20)He was up there in a flash. 剎那間，他就在那兒了。 (1)flash n．　　　　　　　　 閃光；閃現(xiàn) like a flash(＝in a flash) 轉(zhuǎn)瞬間；立即 (2)flash vt.& vi. 閃光；掠

14、過；閃現(xiàn) flash back 回憶；回想 flash by/past 飛逝 It flashes upon sb.that... 某人突然想到…… ①Her thoughts flashed back to their wedding day. 她回憶起他們婚禮那一天的情景。 ②The morning has just flashed by. 這個上午轉(zhuǎn)眼就過去了。 Ⅰ.語境填詞 1．She tried to seem angry, but she betrayed(betray) herself by smiling. 2．The cottage

15、 is in a very exposed(expose) position at the top of the hill. 3．The millionaire has handed over 50 percent of his stock to his first son. 4．Chinese people never compromised with the Japanese invaders. 5．The classified(classify) documents were preserved by the clerk. Ⅱ.選詞填空 1．The soldiers wer

16、e_exposed_to the enemys gunfire. 2．The policeman arrived in time and caught the thief in_a_flash. 3．Whenever she was in trouble she turned_to him for help. 4．The plane got out_of_control and crashed in the mountains. 5．You must hand_over your passport before you leave. (教材P20)Had_they known

17、their neighbour was a drummer，they wouldnt have moved into the building.要是早知道他們的鄰居是一名鼓手，他們就不會搬進(jìn)這座大樓。 【句式分析】　本句是與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句，其正常語序為：If they had known their neighbour was a drummer，they...building.在虛擬條件句中，若從句謂語部分含有were，had，should可將if省略，把were，had，should移到主語之前，形成部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 虛擬語氣在非真實條件從句中的用法： 從句謂語

18、 主句謂語 與過去事實 相反的假設(shè) had＋過去分詞 would/should/could/might＋have＋過去分詞 與現(xiàn)在事實 相反的假設(shè) 動詞的過去式(be 動詞用were) would/should/could/might＋動詞原形 與將來事實 相反的假設(shè) were to do/should do/動詞的過去式 would/should/could/might＋動詞原形 ①If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 如果他明天不來，我們就

19、把會議推遲到下周一。 ②If I were(be) you，I would seize the chance to go abroad. 如果我是你，我就抓住這次出國的機會。 ③If you had_taken(take) my advice，you would not have failed in the exams. 如果你早聽了我的建議，你考試就能通過了。 (教材P20)No_sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full nights sleep. 他們剛一搬

20、進(jìn)去，噪聲就開始了，而且他們幾乎沒有睡過一個安穩(wěn)覺。 【句式分析】　本句是and連接的并列句。前一個分句采用了倒裝語序，相當(dāng)于they had no sooner moved in than the noise began；后一個分句與前一個分句相似，因否定副詞rarely置于句首而采用了部分倒裝語序，可轉(zhuǎn)化為they rarely got a full nights sleep。其中no sooner...than...為“一……就……”的意思。 英語中，表示“一……就……”表達(dá)法很多，常用的有： (1)hardly/scarcely...when... (2)immediate

21、ly/directly＋從句 (3)the moment/the instant/the minute＋從句 (4)each time/the first time/by the time＋從句 (5)upon/on (doing) sth. ①He had hardly entered the classroom when the teacher began his lecture. 他剛走進(jìn)教室，老師就開始講課了。 ②He made for the door directly(direct) he heard the knock. 一聽到敲門聲他就去開門了。 ③On

22、 hearing(hear) the noise，he went out to see what was the matter.他一聽見響聲就出門看發(fā)生了什么事。 (教材P20)Wed be sitting there happily reading our newspapers，when suddenly so much water would come from above that wed be as wet as if wed showered with our clothes on！我們本來坐在那里開開心心地看報紙，突然間很多水從天而降，我們就好像穿著衣服洗澡一樣全身都濕透了！

23、 【要點提煉】　when在此句中用作并列連詞，意為“這時”，相當(dāng)于 and at that time。 (1)sb.was doing sth.when... 　　　　　　　　　 某人正在做某事，這時…… (2)sb.was about to do sth.when... 某人正要做某事，這時…… (3)sb.was on the point of doing sth.when... 某人正要做某事，這時…… (4)sb.had just done sth.when... 某人剛做完某事，這時…… ①He was smiling when (sud

24、denly) the door opened. 他正在笑，這時門(突然)開了。 ②I was about to go out when Tom came in. 我正要出去，這時湯姆進(jìn)來了。 ③I was on the point of sleeping(sleep) when the phone rang. 我正要睡，這時電話響了。 完成句子 1．假如你處在我的地位，你也會這樣做的。 ________________________， you would do the same. 2．比賽剛剛開始就下起雨來。 ________________________ it

25、 started raining.　 3．我剛從廚房出來，突然有人敲門。 I ________________________ someone knocked at the door. 【答案】　1.Were you in my position　2.Hardly had the game begun when　3.had just walked out of the kitchen when Smith lives above the McKays and it appears that not only is he a keen gardener，he is also a fi

26、sh collector. 【分析】　這是一個由and連接的并列句。第二個并列分句又是一個主從復(fù)合句，在that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中包含一個not only...(but) also...連接的并列句，且not only置于句首，其后的句子用部分倒裝語序。 【翻譯】　_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________

27、_________________ _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】　史密斯住在麥凱一家人的樓上，看起來他不僅熱衷于園藝，還是個魚類收藏家。 倒裝句和分裂句“it” 閱讀下列句子并體會黑體部分的用法 1．Seldom has drumming caused such conflict. 2．Had they known their neighbour was a drummer, they wouldnt have moved into the building.

28、3．Neither could they relax nor read a book without plugging their ears. 4．It was only after careful consideration that we gave Yang Ming a warning. 5．No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full nights sleep. 一、倒裝 倒裝是將語句中的主語、謂語、賓語、狀語等顛倒順序的一種語法現(xiàn)象，常常具有強調(diào)語氣，在英語中

29、比較常見，也是高考中常考的一種語法。根據(jù)倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝。 (一)完全倒裝 1．there be句型屬于完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，該句型中be可換為appear，lie，live，stand，remain，exist等表示存在意義的動詞。 There is a bench under the big tree. 那棵大樹下有一個長凳。 It is said that there lived a god called L Dongbin in ancient time. 傳說古代有一位神仙叫呂洞賓。 2．here，there等方位副詞及now，then等時間副詞位于句首，句

30、子的謂語動詞為come，go，leave，run等表示動作趨向或狀態(tài)(be)的動詞，且句子的主語不是代詞時，句子完全倒裝。 Here is the book you want. 你要的書在這兒。 There goes the bell. 鈴聲響了。 3．in，out，away，up，down，off等表示趨向的副詞位于句首，且句子的謂語動詞為go，fly，rush，run等表示動作的動詞，且句子主語不是代詞時，句子完全倒裝。 Away flew the bird. 鳥飛走了。 4．表示方位的介詞短語位于句首，句子謂語是表示存在意義的動詞(如lie，stand，live，sit，

31、exist等)時，句子主謂常用完全倒裝。 In front of the house sat an old man. 房前坐著一位老人。 5．表語置于句首時，句子要完全倒裝。其結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語＋系動詞＋主語”。 Present at the meeting were experts on AIDS. 出席會議的是艾滋病方面的專家。 6．分詞(短語)置于句首時，句子要完全倒裝。 Seated in the front are the guests. 坐在前面的是客人。 Lying on the floor is a boy named Tom. 躺在地上的是一個叫湯姆的男孩。

32、 (二)部分倒裝 1．never，seldom，by no means，not until，rarely，hardly，at no time，scarcely，little，in no way等表示否定或半否定的詞置于句首時，句子要部分倒裝。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 無論如何你不會找到這個問題的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母親直到孩子睡著才離開房間。 2．only＋狀語(副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句)在

33、句首構(gòu)成部分倒裝。例如： Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有這樣，你才能學(xué)好英語。 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才來參加會議。 [名師點津]　 (1)如果only后面不是狀語，則不用倒裝。 (2)如果only后面是狀語從句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。 Only Tom can come up with a good idea to persuade her to change her mind. 只有湯姆才能想

34、出好辦法來說服她改變主意。 Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得很重時，他才臥床休息。 3．so/such...that...結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首時，主句用部分倒裝強調(diào)so/such和that之間的部分。 So hot was the weather that we couldnt go to sleep. 天這么熱，我們都無法入睡。 4．so，nor，neither置于句首，表示前面提到的情況也適用于后者，后面的句子用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Mary has learned by heart 2

35、00 words，and so have I. 瑪麗已經(jīng)記住了200個單詞，我也一樣。 I never play PC games；nor/neither do they. 我從不玩電腦游戲，他們也不。 [名師點津]　 (1)若兩個動詞的形式不一樣，即表示兩種不同情況時，則用so it is with...，it is the same with...。 —Jane is a good student and works hard. 簡是個好學(xué)生并且學(xué)習(xí)刻苦。 —So it is with Tom./It is the same with Tom. 湯姆也是。 (2)當(dāng)so

36、表示“確實，正是”，是對前句內(nèi)容的肯定和附和時，用正常語序。 —The students work very hard. 學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。 —So they do. 他們確實是這樣。 5．在not only... but(also)，no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when中，not only，no sooner，hardly，scarcely置于句首時，not only，no sooner，hardly，scarcely后的句子要倒裝，但but(also)，than，when后的句子不倒裝。 Hardly had he arrived wh

37、en it began to snow. 他剛到，天就下起雪來。 Not only did he refuse the gift，but he also severely criticized the sender. 他不但拒絕接受禮物，而且還嚴(yán)厲地批評了送禮者。 6．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句須倒裝；though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句可倒裝。 Tired as/though he was，he sat up late. 盡管他很疲倦，但他很晚才睡。 7．在省略了引導(dǎo)詞if的虛擬條件句中，當(dāng)從句謂語為were，had，should時要將它們置于句首，從句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

38、 Were I in your position，I would not go. 我要是碰到你那樣的情況，我是不會去的。 [名師點津]　 部分倒裝巧記口訣 only修飾副介狀，位于句首半倒裝； 否定意義副連詞，位于句首須倒裝； 表示前置主語長，平衡結(jié)構(gòu)常倒裝； so和such置句首，此時主句要倒裝； not only開頭句，前一分句須倒裝； had，were，should虛擬句，省略if半倒裝。 二、強調(diào)句型(分裂句“It”) (一)強調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu) Our country launched Shenzhou11 spaceship successfully o

39、n Oct.17, 2016 at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. 我國于2016年10月17日在酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心成功發(fā)射了神州11號飛船。 →It was our country that launched Shenzhou11 spaceship successfully on Oct.17,2016 at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. (強調(diào)主語) →It was Shenzhou11 spaceship that our country launched successfully on Oct.17,2016

40、 at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. (強調(diào)賓語) →It was on Oct.17,2016 that our country launched Shenzhou11 spaceship successfully at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. (強調(diào)時間狀語) →It was at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center that Our country launched Shenzhou11 spaceship successfully on Oct. 17, 2016. (強調(diào)地點

41、狀語) [名師點津]　強調(diào)主語時，that/who后的謂語與被強調(diào)的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 (二)強調(diào)句型的特殊結(jié)構(gòu) 1．一般疑問式：Is/Was it＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他？ Was it in Shandong that Wang Yaping was born? 王亞平是在山東出生的嗎？ 2．特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞＋is/was it that＋其他？ When is it that they will leave for Beijing? 他們什么時候動身去北京？ 3．not until...強調(diào)句式：It is/was not until...

42、that＋其他。 It was not until midnight that they reached the camp site. 直到午夜他們才到達(dá)宿營地。 [名師點津]　 (1)“刪減法”判斷強調(diào)句。把“It is/was”和“that”刪去后，可重新排列一下句子，如果句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，句意通順，就是強調(diào)句，否則就不是強調(diào)句。 It is Tom that often helps me with my English.(強調(diào)句) It is strange that he did not come at all.(it作形式主語的主語從句) (2)It is/was...th

43、at...結(jié)構(gòu)不能強調(diào)謂語，如需強調(diào)謂語，需用助動詞do，does或did。 He did write to you last week. 上周他的確給你寫信了。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized. 2．Only when Lily walked into the office did she realized that she had left the contract at

44、home. 3．It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 4．There are(be) thousands of people on the square. 5．Were(be) I you, I would try it again. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．Hard although he tried, he didnt pass the exam. _________________________

45、_______________________________________ 2．Have I prepared well, I couldnt have lost the job. ________________________________________________________________ 3．It was in the park where an accident happened to the old man. ________________________________________________________________ 4．It was

46、 because the bus broke down on the way we missed the train. ________________________________________________________________ 5．So fast did light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】　1.although改為as或though　2.Have改為Had　3.where改為that　4.we前面加that 5．did改為does 我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)，需要轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式，改變粗放式增長模式，不斷優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)，實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展進(jìn)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，推進(jìn)新型城鎮(zhèn)化，推動城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化因：我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展還面臨區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡、城鎮(zhèn)化水平不高、城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展不平衡不協(xié)調(diào)等現(xiàn)實挑戰(zhàn)。