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1、新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第二版讀寫(xiě)教程3原文及翻譯 第一單元 Love without limitations My brother, Jimmy, did not get enough oxygen during a difficult delivery, leaving him with brain damage, and two years later I was born. Since then, my life revolved around my brother’s. Accompanying my growing up was always “go out and play and

2、take your brother with you”. I couldn’t go anywhere without him, so I urged the neighborhood kids to come to my house for some out-of-control kid-centered fun. My mother taught Jimmy practical things like how to brush his teeth or put on belt. My father, a saint, simply held the house together wit

3、h his patience and understanding. I was in charge outside where I administered justice by tracking down the parents of the kids who picked on my brother, and telling on them. My father and Jimmy were inseparable. They ate breakfast together and on weekdays drove off to the navy shipping center eve

4、ry morning where they both worked-Jimmy unloaded color-coded boxes. At night after dinner, they would talk and play games late into the evening. They even whistled the same tunes. So when my father died of a heart attack in 1991, Jimmy was a wreck, beneath his careful disguise. He was simply in di

5、sbelief. Usually very agreeable, he now quit speaking altogether and no amount of words could penetrate the vacant expression he wore on his face. I hired someone to live with him and drive him to work, but no matter how much I tried to make things stay the same, even Jimmy grasped that the world he

6、’d known was gone. One day I asked, ”You miss Dad, don’t you?” His lips quivered and then he asked, “What do you think, Margaret? He was my best friend.” Our tears began flow. My mother died of lung cancer six months later and I alone was left to look after Jimmy. He didn’t adjust to going to work

7、 without my father right away, so he came and lived with me in New York City for a while. He went wherever I went and seemed to adjust pretty well. Still, Jimmy longed to live in my parents’ house and work at his old job and I pledged to help him return. Eventually, I was able to work it out. He has

8、 lived there for 11 years now with many different caretakers and blossomed on his own. He has become essential to the neighborhood. When you have any mail to be picked up or your dog needs walking, he is your man. My mother was right, of course: It was possible to have a home with room for both hi

9、s limitations and my ambitions. In fact, caring for someone who loves as deeply and appreciates my efforts as much as Jimmy does has enriched my life more than anything else ever could have. This hit home a few days after the September 11th disaster on Jimmy’s 57th birthday. I had a party for him

10、in my home in New York, but none of our family could join us because travel was difficult and they were still reckoning with the sheer terror the disaster had brought. I called on my faithful friends to help make it a merry and festive occasion, ignoring the fact that most of them were emotionally d

11、rained and exhausted. Instead of the customary “No gifts, please”, I shouted, “Gifts! Please!” My friends-people Jimmy had come to know over the years-brought the ideal presents: country music CDs, a sweatshirt, one leather belt with “J-I-M-M-Y” on it, a knitted wool hat and a cowboy costume. The

12、evening led up to the gifts and then the chocolate cake from his favorite bakery, and of course the ceremony wasn’t complete without the singing. A thousand times Jimmy asked, ”Is it time for the cake yet?” After dinner and the gifts Jimmy could no longer be restrained. He anxiously waited for the

13、 candles to be lit and then blew them out with one long breath as well all sang “Happy birthday”. Jimmy wasn’t satisfied with our effort, though. He jumped up on the chair and stood erect pointing both index fingers into the air to conduct us and yelled, ”O(jiān)ne…more…time!” We sang with all of the ener

14、gy left in our souls and when we were finished he put both his thumbs up and shouted. “ That was super!” We had wanted to let him know that no matter how difficult things got in the world, there would always be people who cared about him. We ended up reminding ourselves instead. For Jimmy, the lov

15、e with which we sang was a welcome bonus, but mostly he had just wanted to see everyone else happy again. Just as my father’s death had changed Jimmy’s world overnight, September 11th changed our lives; the world we’d known was gone. But, as we sang for Jimmy and held each tight afterward praying

16、for peace around the world, we were reminded that the constant love and support of our friends and family would get us through whatever life might present. The simplicity with which Jimmy had reconciled everything for us should not have been surprising. There had never been limitations to what Jimmy

17、’s love could accomplish. 我哥哥吉米出生時(shí)遇上難產(chǎn)，因?yàn)槿毖鯇?dǎo)致大腦受損。兩年后，我出生了。 從此以后，我的生活便圍繞我哥哥轉(zhuǎn)。 伴隨我成長(zhǎng)的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也帶上?！? 不帶上他，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我慫恿鄰居的孩子到我家來(lái)，盡情地玩孩子們玩的游戲。 我母親教吉米學(xué)習(xí)日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮帶什么的。 我父親宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心貼著心。 我則負(fù)責(zé)外面的事，找到那些欺負(fù)我哥哥的孩子們的父母，告他們的狀，為我哥哥討回公道。 父親和吉米形影不離。 他們一道吃早飯，平時(shí)每天早上一道開(kāi)車去海軍航運(yùn)中心，他們都在

18、那里工作，吉米在那搬卸標(biāo)有彩色代號(hào)的箱子。 晚飯后，他們一道交談，玩游戲，直到深夜。 他們甚至用口哨吹相同的曲調(diào)。 所以，父親1991年因心臟病去世時(shí)，吉米幾乎崩潰了，盡管他盡量不表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。 他就是不能相信父親去世這一事實(shí)。 通常，他是一個(gè)令人愉快的人，現(xiàn)在卻一言不發(fā)，無(wú)論說(shuō)多少話都不能透過(guò)他木然的臉部表情了解他的心事。 我雇了一個(gè)人和他住在一起，開(kāi)車送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地維持原狀，吉米還是認(rèn)為他熟悉的世界已經(jīng)消失了。 有一天，我問(wèn)他：“你是不是想念爸爸？” 他的嘴唇顫抖了幾下，然后問(wèn)我：“你怎么看，瑪格麗特？他是我最好的朋友?！? 接著，我倆都流

19、下了眼淚。 六個(gè)月后，母親因肺癌去世，剩下我一人來(lái)照顧吉米。 吉米不能馬上適應(yīng)去上班時(shí)沒(méi)有父親陪著，因此搬來(lái)紐約和我一起住了一段時(shí)間。 我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像適應(yīng)得很好。 但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，繼續(xù)干他原來(lái)的工作。我答應(yīng)把他送回去。 此事最后做成了。 如今，他在那里生活了11年，在許多人的照料下，同時(shí)依靠自己生活得有聲有色。 他已成了鄰里間不可或缺的人物。 如果你有郵件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。 當(dāng)然，母親的話沒(méi)錯(cuò)：可以有一個(gè)家，既能容納他的缺陷又能裝下我的雄心。 事實(shí)上，關(guān)照像吉米這樣一個(gè)深愛(ài)又感激我的人，更加豐富了我的生活

20、，其他任何東西都不能與之相比。 這一點(diǎn)，在911災(zāi)難后幾天更顯真切。那天是吉米57歲生日。 我在紐約自己的家里為他舉辦生日宴會(huì)，但是我們家的人都沒(méi)能來(lái)參加，因?yàn)榻煌ɡщy，而且災(zāi)難帶來(lái)的恐懼使他們依然心有余悸。 我邀請(qǐng)了我的好友，請(qǐng)他們來(lái)幫忙把宴會(huì)弄得熱鬧些，增加點(diǎn)歡快氣氛，沒(méi)去理會(huì)他們多數(shù)人在情感上都有些疲憊這一事實(shí)。 于是我一反常態(tài)，沒(méi)說(shuō)“請(qǐng)不要帶禮物”，而是向他們喊“請(qǐng)帶禮物來(lái)”。 我的朋友──吉米認(rèn)識(shí)他們多年了──帶來(lái)了中意的禮物：鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)CD、一件長(zhǎng)袖運(yùn)動(dòng)衫、一條有“吉米”字樣的皮帶、一頂編織的羊毛帽，還有一套牛仔服。 那天晚上，我們先是送禮物，然后是切從他喜歡

21、的面包店里買來(lái)的巧克力蛋糕，當(dāng)然還唱了“生日歌”，否則宴會(huì)就不算完整了。 吉米一次次地問(wèn)：“該切蛋糕了吧？” 等用完餐和送完禮物后，吉米再也控制不住了。 他焦急地等著點(diǎn)上蠟燭，然后在我們“生日快樂(lè)”的歌聲中，一口長(zhǎng)氣吹滅了蠟燭。戶 然而吉米對(duì)我們的努力還是感到不滿足。 他縱身跳到椅子上，直挺著身子，雙手食指朝天，一邊喊一邊指揮我們唱歌：“再──來(lái)──次！” 我們?nèi)σ愿暗爻?。待我們唱完時(shí)，他翹起兩個(gè)拇指喊道：“好極了！” 本來(lái)我們想讓他知道，無(wú)論世上有多難的事情，總有人來(lái)關(guān)心他。 現(xiàn)在反倒是提醒了我們自己。對(duì)于吉米來(lái)說(shuō)，我們唱歌時(shí)的愛(ài)心，是他心中額外的禮物，但是他

22、原先最想看到的，是別人再次感到快樂(lè)。 猶如父親的去世一夜之間改變了吉米的世界，9.11也改變了我們的生活；我們熟悉的世界很不付存在了。但是i，當(dāng)我們?yōu)閹酌壮?，相互緊擁，祈禱全球和平時(shí)，我們也意識(shí)到，朋友家人間永恒的愛(ài)和支持可以讓我們克服生活中的各種困難。幾米的以樸素的方式為我們協(xié)調(diào)了眼前的一切，他做到這一點(diǎn)并不令人吃驚。幾米的愛(ài)可以征服一切，這是任何東西都限制不了的。 第二單元 Iron and the Effects of Exercise Sports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes

23、, particularly females, frequently have iron deficiencies. Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researchers suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women. "We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exercise

24、 showed evidence of iron loss," says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. "Women who consumed additional meat or took iro

25、n supplements were able to bounce back," she notes. "But the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels." Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the rat

26、io is even greater among active women, affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that "too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in";. Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. Plus, ma

27、ny health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. And because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and are liable to experience a deficiency. "The average

28、 woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron," notes another expert. "For a woman who already has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercise may be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency," notes the expert. Exercise can result

29、in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. Some iron is lost in sweat, and, for unknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestive system. Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenon where small blood vesse

30、ls in the feet leak blood. There are three stages of iron deficiency. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, a condition that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in the second stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the m

31、olecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breath — and exercise performance is severely compromised. "People think that if theyre not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but thats not true," say

32、s John L. Beard, who helped design the Purdue study. "Youre not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero, and if you wait until that point, youre in trouble." However, most people with low iron reserves dont know they have a deficiency, because traditional methods of calculating the amount of i

33、ron in blood (by checking levels of the blood protein that transports oxygen) are not sufficient, Beard states. Instead, its important to check levels of a different compound, which indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood. While active, child-bearing age women are most likely to have lo

34、w iron stores, he notes, "Men are not safe, especially if they dont eat meat and have a high level of physical activity." (An estimated 15 percent of male long distance runners have low iron stores.) Beard and other experts say its advisable for people in these groups to have a yearly blood test to

35、check blood iron reserves. If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifying your diet or by taking supplements. In general, its better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious sh

36、ortcomings. Supplements may produce a feeling of wanting to throw up, and may be poisonous in some cases. The best sources of iron, and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body, are meat, chicken, and fish. Good sources of other forms of iron include dates, beans, and s

37、ome leafy green vegetables. "Select breads and cereals with the words iron-added on the label," writes sports diet expert Nancy Clark. "This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains. Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C (for example, drink orange juice with cerea

38、l or put a tomato on a sandwich) to enhance the amount of iron absorbed." Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans, as food can derive iron from the pan during the cooking process. "The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron pot for three hours showed a striking increase, the level going u

39、p nearly 30 times," she writes. And people who are likely to have low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals, she says, since substances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body. "Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices," sums up

40、 Purdues Lyle. "If you pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency before it really becomes a problem." 運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)專家經(jīng)過(guò)多年的觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員，特別是女性，經(jīng)常會(huì)缺鐵。 普渡大學(xué)研究人員進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新的研究表明：即使是適度的鍛煉，也可能會(huì)降低女性血液中的鐵含量。 “我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些通常不運(yùn)動(dòng)的女性一旦開(kāi)始適度的鍛煉，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)鐵含量下降的跡象，”普渡大學(xué)羅斯安妮M. 萊爾副教授說(shuō)。

41、她對(duì)62名婦女進(jìn)行了研究，并將研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《體育運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)與科學(xué)》雜志上。這些婦女原先不怎么運(yùn)動(dòng)，后來(lái)開(kāi)始了為期6個(gè)月、每周3次的鍛煉。 萊爾指出：“那些增食肉類食品或服用鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑的女性能夠恢復(fù)到健康狀態(tài)。 但突然參加鍛煉卻仍沿用舊食譜的人則顯示出鐵含量降低?！? 缺鐵在女性中是很常見(jiàn)的，每四個(gè)十幾歲的少女中有一人缺鐵，每五個(gè)18至45歲的女性中有一人缺鐵。 而在積極鍛煉的婦女中這一比例更高，女耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)員中，缺鐵者比例則高達(dá)80%。 萊爾說(shuō)，這意味著 “太多女性忽視了自己攝入的鐵含量”。 育齡女性危險(xiǎn)最大，因?yàn)樵陆?jīng)是鐵流失的重要原因之一。 此外，許多保健意識(shí)太強(qiáng)的女性

42、也很危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗齻兙芙^食用牛肉或羊肉，而這些肉中含有的鐵最易被吸收。 而且，由于女性常常為了控制體重而節(jié)食，從而未能攝取足夠的含鐵豐富的食物，結(jié)果可能導(dǎo)致缺鐵。 另一名專家指出，“普通女性每天攝入的鐵只是應(yīng)攝入量的三分之二?！? 他指出，“對(duì)于那些已經(jīng)缺鐵的女性，任何因鍛煉而產(chǎn)生的更多鐵質(zhì)流失都足以導(dǎo)致體內(nèi)缺鐵狀況的惡化?！? 運(yùn)動(dòng)可能通過(guò)多種機(jī)制導(dǎo)致鐵流失。 有些鐵隨汗液流失。另外，由于某些未知的原因，高強(qiáng)度的耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)有時(shí)會(huì)引起消化系統(tǒng)內(nèi)出血。 運(yùn)動(dòng)員從事跑步之類高強(qiáng)度劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)，也可能會(huì)因?yàn)樽悴垦苁а默F(xiàn)象而使鐵質(zhì)流失。 缺鐵分為三個(gè)階段： 第一也即最常見(jiàn)的階段

43、，是鐵質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量不足。這一階段一般沒(méi)有癥狀。 到了缺鐵的第二階段，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)疲倦和力不從心，此時(shí)體內(nèi)已沒(méi)有足夠的鐵來(lái)形成血蛋白分子，將氧輸至運(yùn)動(dòng)肌肉。 在第三即最后階段，人常常感到虛弱、疲乏無(wú)力、喘不過(guò)氣，運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)大打折扣。 “人們認(rèn)為，只要不到第三階段就不會(huì)有什么問(wèn)題。這種想法是不對(duì)的?！?幫助設(shè)計(jì)普渡大學(xué)研究的約翰L. 比爾德說(shuō)。 “只有當(dāng)你的鐵儲(chǔ)量為零時(shí)，你才會(huì)進(jìn)入第三階段。而你若坐等到這個(gè)時(shí)候，你的麻煩就大了?！? 然而，比爾德指出，大多數(shù)鐵質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量低的人并未意識(shí)到自己缺鐵，因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)的檢測(cè)血液中鐵含量的方法──檢驗(yàn)血液中輸送氧氣的血蛋白的含量──是不夠的。 其實(shí)，有必要檢

44、查血液中另一種混合成分的含量，它可以顯示血液中的鐵含量。 他還指出，雖然積極鍛煉的育齡婦女最有可能鐵含量低，“但男性也并非不缺鐵，尤其是在他們不吃肉類而又從 事高強(qiáng)度的體力活動(dòng)的情況下?！? （估計(jì)有15%的男性長(zhǎng)跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員鐵含量低。）比爾德和其他專家都說(shuō)，對(duì)這些人而言，最好每年驗(yàn)一次血，以測(cè)定血液中的鐵含量。 如果鐵含量低，就要去看醫(yī)生，以確定是否該通過(guò)調(diào)整飲食或服用鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑來(lái)校正不足。 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，解決問(wèn)題的最好方法是在食譜中增加含鐵豐富的食物，因?yàn)殍F質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑可能存在嚴(yán)重缺陷?！胺描F質(zhì)補(bǔ)劑可能使人想嘔吐，有時(shí)甚至還會(huì)引起中毒。 最好的鐵來(lái)源，以及唯一最易為身體所吸收的鐵來(lái)源

45、，是肉、雞和魚(yú)。 其他較好的鐵質(zhì)來(lái)源包括棗、豆類和一些多葉綠色蔬菜?！? “選擇那些標(biāo)有‘加鐵’字樣的面包和麥片，” 運(yùn)動(dòng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)專家南?？死藢?xiě)道， “這些增加的鐵質(zhì)補(bǔ)充了谷物中自然含鐵量的不足。將這些食物與含有大量維生素C的食物一起食用──比如吃麥片時(shí)喝橘子汁，或在三明治內(nèi)夾上番茄──可以促進(jìn)鐵質(zhì)吸收?！? 克拉克還建議用鐵鍋烹食，因?yàn)榕胝{(diào)過(guò)程中食物能從鐵鍋中吸收鐵質(zhì)。 她寫(xiě)道，“在鐵鍋內(nèi)烹煮了3個(gè)小時(shí)的番茄汁，其鐵含量大大提高，增加到原來(lái)的30倍左右。” 她說(shuō)，鐵含量可能低的人，吃飯時(shí)應(yīng)避免喝咖啡或飲茶，因?yàn)檫@些飲料中所含的物質(zhì)會(huì)妨礙身體對(duì)鐵質(zhì)的吸收。 “運(yùn)動(dòng)女性應(yīng)特別注

46、意選擇飲食?！逼斩纱髮W(xué)的萊爾總結(jié)說(shuō)： “如果你在鐵含量流失之前就注意到了警告信號(hào)，你就可以在它真正成為問(wèn)題之前彌補(bǔ)鐵質(zhì)的不足 第三單元 Where Principles Come First The Hyde School operates on the principle that if you teach students the merit of such values as truth, courage, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern, then academic achievement naturally foll

47、ows. Hyde School founder Joseph Gauld claims success with the program at the $18,000-a-year high school in Bath, Maine, which has received considerable publicity for its work with troubled youngsters. "We dont see ourselves as a school for a type of kid," says Malcolm Gauld, Josephs son, who gradu

48、ated from Hyde and is now headmaster. "We see ourselves as preparing kids for a way of life — by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids. Now, Joe Gauld is trying to spread his controversial Character First idea to public, inner-city schools willing to use the tax dol

49、lars spent on the traditional program for the new approach. The first Hyde public school program opened in September 1992. Within months the program was suspended. Teachers protested the programs demands and the strain associated with more intense work. This fall, the Hyde Foundation is scheduled

50、to begin a preliminary public school program in Baltimore. Teachers will be trained to later work throughout the entire Baltimore system. Other US school managers are eyeing the program, too. Last fall, the Hyde Foundation opened a magnet program within a public high school in the suburbs of New Hav

51、en, Connecticut, over parents protests. The community feared the school would attract inner-city minority and troubled students. As in Maine the quest for truth is also widespread at the school in Connecticut. In one English class, the 11 students spend the last five minutes in an energetic exchan

52、ge evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1-10 scale. "I get a 10." "I challenge that. You didnt do either your grammar or your spelling homework." "OK, a seven." "You ought to get a six." "Wait, I put my best effort forth here." "Yeah, but you didnt ask questions today."

53、 Explaining his approach to education, Joe Gauld says the conventional education system cannot be reformed. He notes "no amount of change" with the horse and carriage "will produce an automobile". The Hyde School assumes "every human being has a unique potential" that is based on character, not inte

54、lligence or wealth. Conscience and hard work are valued. Success is measured by growth, not academic achievement. Students are required to take responsibility for each other. To avoid the controversy of other character programs used in US schools, Gauld says the concept of doing your best has nothin

55、g to do with forcing the students to accept a particular set of morals or religious values. The Hyde curriculum is similar to conventional schools that provide preparation for college, complete with English, history, math and science. But all students are required to take performing arts and sport

56、s, and provide a community service. For each course, students get a grade for academic achievement and for "best effort". At Bath, 97% of the graduates attend four-year colleges. Commitment among parents is a key ingredient in the Hyde mixture. For the student to gain admission, parents also must ag

57、ree to accept and demonstrate the schools philosophies and outlook. The parents agree in writing to meet monthly in one of 20 regional groups, go to a yearly three-day regional retreat, and spend at least three times a year in workshops, discussion groups and seminars at Bath. Parents of Maine stude

58、nts have an attendance rate of 95% in the many sessions. Joe and Malcolm Gauld both say children tend to do their utmost when they see their parents making similar efforts. The biggest obstacle for many parents, they say, is to realize their own weaknesses. The process for public school parents is

59、 still being worked out, with a lot more difficulty because it is difficult to convince parents that it is worthwhile for them to participate. Of the 100 students enrolled in New Haven, about 30% of the parents attend special meetings. The low attendance is in spite of commitments they made at the o

60、utset of the program when Hyde officials interviewed 300 families. Once the problems are worked out, Hyde should work well in public schools, says a teacher at Bath who taught for 14 years in public schools. He is optimistic that once parents make a commitment to the program, they will be daily ro

61、le models for their children, unlike parents whose children are in boarding schools. One former inner-city high school teacher who now works in the New Haven program, says teachers also benefit. "Here we really begin to focus on having a fruitful relationship with each student. Our focus is really

62、 about teacher to student and then we together deal with the…academics. In the traditional high school setting, its teacher to the material and then to the student." The teacher-student relationship is taken even further at Hyde. Faculty evaluations are conducted by the students. Jimmy DiBattista,

63、 19, is amazed he will graduate this May from the Bath campus and plans to attend a university. Years ago, he had seen his future as "jail, not college". DiBattista remembers his first days at Hyde. "When I came here, I insulted and cursed everybody. Every other school was, Get out, we dont want t

64、o deal with you. I came here and they said, We kind of like that spirit. We dont like it with the negative attitudes. We want to turn that spirit positive." 海德中學(xué)的辦學(xué)宗旨是：如果你向?qū)W生傳授諸如求真、勇敢、正直、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、好奇心和關(guān)心他人等美德的話，學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)自然就會(huì)提高。 該校的創(chuàng)始人約瑟夫高爾德聲稱學(xué)校的教學(xué)很成功。海德中學(xué)位于緬因州巴思市，每年的學(xué)費(fèi)高達(dá)1.8萬(wàn)美元，因其教導(dǎo)問(wèn)題少年有方而聞名遐邇。 “我們并不把自

65、己看作一所專為某一類孩子而開(kāi)設(shè)的學(xué)校，”馬爾科姆高爾德說(shuō)。他是約瑟夫的兒子，畢業(yè)于海德中學(xué)，現(xiàn)任海德中學(xué)校長(zhǎng)。 “我們把幫助孩子培養(yǎng)一種生活方式看作自己的職責(zé)，辦法是倡導(dǎo)一整套能影響所有孩子的價(jià)值觀念?！? 現(xiàn)在，喬高爾德(約瑟夫高爾德)正試圖將他尚有爭(zhēng)議的“品德第一”的理念向舊城區(qū)的公立學(xué)校推廣。這些學(xué)校愿意將用于傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)計(jì)劃的稅金用于實(shí)施這一新的教學(xué)方法。 海德公立學(xué)校第一個(gè)教學(xué)計(jì)劃始于1992年9月。 但幾個(gè)月后，該計(jì)劃即告暫停。 教師們對(duì)教學(xué)計(jì)劃的高要求以及高強(qiáng)度工作所帶來(lái)的壓力表示抗議。 今年秋天，海德基金會(huì)計(jì)劃在巴爾的摩啟動(dòng)初步的公立學(xué)校教學(xué)計(jì)劃。 教師要

66、接受培訓(xùn)，以便今后能在整個(gè)巴爾的摩體系內(nèi)勝任工作。 美國(guó)其他學(xué)校的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們也在關(guān)注這個(gè)教學(xué)計(jì)劃。 去年秋天，在家長(zhǎng)的一片抗議聲中，海德基金會(huì)在康涅狄格州紐黑文市郊區(qū)的一所中學(xué)內(nèi)啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)引人注目的教學(xué)計(jì)劃。 當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駬?dān)心該?？赡苷羞M(jìn)來(lái)舊城區(qū)的少數(shù)民族學(xué)生和問(wèn)題學(xué)生。 就像在緬因州那樣，求真也在康涅狄格州的這所中學(xué)得到廣泛推崇。 在一堂英語(yǔ)課上，11名學(xué)生用最后的5分鐘展開(kāi)激烈的討論，依照1－10的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相互評(píng)價(jià)他們當(dāng)天的課堂表現(xiàn)。 “我得10分?！? “我有意見(jiàn)。你既沒(méi)做語(yǔ)法作業(yè)，也沒(méi)做拼寫(xiě)練習(xí)?！? “那好，就7分吧。” “你只能得6分?！? “等等，我可是全力以赴的。” “是的，可你今天沒(méi)提問(wèn)?！? 在解釋自己的教育方法時(shí)，喬高爾德指出，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的教育體制不能只是改革。 他說(shuō)“無(wú)論怎樣改革”，用馬和馬車“是改革不出汽車的”。 海德中學(xué)認(rèn)為“每一個(gè)人都有自己的獨(dú)特潛能”，這種潛能的基礎(chǔ)是品格而不是智力或財(cái)富。 良知和苦干受到推崇。 成功由不斷進(jìn)步來(lái)衡量，而不是