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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語精品資料 Section_ⅢLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language Ⅰ.Read the text and answer the following questions. 1．What did Nicolaus Copernicus mathematical calculations lead to? They_led_to_a_conclusion_that_the_earth_was_not_the_centre_of_the_solar_system. 2．When did Nicolaus Copernicu

2、s publish his ideas? As_he_lay_dying_in_1543. 3．Did Christian Church support Nicolaus Copernicus theory? No,_it_didnt._Instead,_it_rejected_his_theory. 4．How many scientists are mentioned in this passage? Who are they? Four_scientists._Nicolaus_Copernicus,_Isaac_Newton,_Albert_Einstein_and_Step

3、hen_Hawking. Ⅱ.Choose the best answer according to the text. 1．Why was Nicolaus Copernicus so cautious and couldnt tell anyone about his theory? A．Because he was not sure whether he was right. B．Because he was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church. C．Because his friends told him not

4、to. D．Because he would like to keep his theory a secret. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Nicolaus Copernicus was excited and happy when he found his theory. B．Nicolaus Copernicus showed his theory privately to his friends in 1510. C．Nicolaus Copernicus didnt publish his theory un

5、til he lay dying in 1543. D．The Christian Church accepted Copernicus theory at last. 3．There is a direct link between Copernicus theory and the work of the following scientists EXCEPT________. A．Madam Curie　　　 　B．Isaac Newton C．Albert Einstein D．Stephen Hawking 4．What is the main idea of the

6、text? A．Copernicus worked out the theory that the moon was the center of the solar system. B．Copernicus thought that the earth was the center of the solar system. C．Copernicus worked out the theory that the sun was the center of the solar system. D．Copernicus published his theory that the sun wa

7、s the center of the solar system. 答案：1～4　BCAC 根據(jù)詞性和漢語提示寫出單詞，并進(jìn)行拓展 1．construct vt.建設(shè)；修建→construction n．建設(shè)；建筑物 2．contribute v．捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助→contribution n．貢獻(xiàn)；捐款 3．positive adj.積極的；肯定的；確實(shí)的→negative(反義詞)消極的；否定的 4．backward adv. & adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)→forward adv. & adj.向前地(的) 5．enthusiastic adj

8、.熱情的；熱心的→enthusiasm n．熱情；熱心 6．cautious adj.小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的→caution n．小心；謹(jǐn)慎 7．reject vt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄→rejectionn.拒絕；拒絕接受；厭棄 8．move v．移動(dòng)；搬家→movementn.移動(dòng)；運(yùn)動(dòng) 1．construction n. [U]建設(shè)[C]建筑物 [教材原句]　Look at these simple verbs and make another construction using make＋a＋noun. 看這些簡單動(dòng)詞并用“make＋a＋noun”構(gòu)成另一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。 ①The

9、entire city stopped all construction work for days just to ensure clean air. 為了確保空氣的清潔，數(shù)天來全市停止了所有的建筑工作。 (1)be under construction　　　　　 正在建設(shè)中 (2)construct vt. 建設(shè)；修建 be constructed of/out of/from ... 由……建成 ②The new railway is still under_construction. 新鐵路仍在建設(shè)中。 ③The shelter was constructed o

10、ut of fallen branches. 這個(gè)窩棚是用落下的枯樹枝搭成的。 形象記憶 [動(dòng)]construct建造?[動(dòng)]destroy破壞 [名]construction建造?[名]destruction破壞 [形]constructive建設(shè)性的?[形]destructive破壞性的 2．contribute v．捐助；捐獻(xiàn)；投稿；對……有貢獻(xiàn)；有助于 ①M(fèi)ost people contributed some money towards the new church buildings. 大部分人都為教堂的新建筑捐了錢。 (1)contribute ...t

11、o ...　 向……捐獻(xiàn)/贈(zèng)……；給……提供(忠告、建議)；投稿 contribute to 有助于；促使；導(dǎo)致 (2)contribution n. 貢獻(xiàn)；捐款 make a contribution/contributions to (doing) ... 對……做貢獻(xiàn) ②She contributed a number of articles to the magazine. 她給這家雜志撰寫了很多稿件。 ③I am sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem. 我肯定你的建議將有助于解決

12、問題。 ④Over 80 companies have settled in the park so far, making great contributions to the development of the local economy. 迄今為止，80多家公司落戶該產(chǎn)業(yè)園，對當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。 形象記憶 Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this an

13、d contributed it to a newspaper. 許多人給那個(gè)可憐的男孩捐款，使他可以重返校園。一位作家寫了一則關(guān)于此事的故事并把它投到一家報(bào)社。 3．reject vt.拒絕；不接受(提議、建議等)；拒絕(雇用、錄取等)；拋棄；(因質(zhì)量不好而)廢棄 [教材原句]　The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked. 基督教會(huì)拒絕接受他的理論，說這種理論違背了上帝的旨意，誰支持這

14、一理論誰就將受到攻擊。 形象記憶 寫出reject在下列句子中的漢語意思 ①They reject plans to raise the retirement age from 65 to 66 starting in 2025 and to 67 in 2030. 不接受 ②Ive been rejected by all the universities I applied to.拒絕錄取 ③All the food that went bad was rejected by my mother.拋棄；廢棄 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．We should mak

15、e contributions to the construction of our society. 2．The supermarket is currently under construction. 3．We have very strict quality control, so anything that is imperfect is/will_be_rejected (reject)． 4．This is because they can make impressive movements (move) when they dive. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．這兩家新飯店正在

16、興建中。 The two new hotels are_under_construction/being_constructed. 2．這位老人把他所有的錢都捐給了福利事業(yè)。 The old man has contributed_all_his_money_to_the charity. 3．他說他沒有被他一直夢想的大學(xué)錄取。 He said that he had_been_rejected_by the universities he had been dreaming of. 4．這個(gè)男孩通常熱衷于做他感興趣的事情。 The boy is_usually_enthusia

17、stic_about_doing things that he is interested in. 1．come to a(n) end　　　 結(jié)束 2．a(chǎn)part from 除……之外；此外 3．(be) strict with ... 對……嚴(yán)格的 4．lead to 通向；導(dǎo)致 5．make sense 講得通；有意義 6．a(chǎn)t times 有時(shí) 7．be responsible for 對……負(fù)責(zé) 8．make room for 為……騰地方 1．a(chǎn)part from [教材原句]　Apart from the constr

18、uction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.　 除了以上提到的結(jié)構(gòu)，你們還學(xué)過下面的短語。 (1)除了……之外(還); 此外(相當(dāng)于in addition to 或as well as) Only a handful of countries, apart from China, have ever developed deep seadiving. 除了中國，僅有少數(shù)國家研發(fā)了深海潛水技術(shù)。 (2)除了……之外(相當(dāng)于except) I hardly know anyone in the

19、village apart from you. 除你之外，我?guī)缀醪徽J(rèn)識村里的任何人。 (3)除了；只是(相當(dāng)于except for) Apart from a few faults, he is a faithful friend. 除了有幾個(gè)缺點(diǎn)外，他是一位值得信賴的朋友。 apart from, in addition to, besides, except, except for, except that apart from 重在強(qiáng)調(diào)，既含有“除了……還有”，也含有“把……排除在外”之意 in addition to “除……之外還”，一般位于句首 besides

20、 表示“除了……還有” except 表示“把……排除在外” except for 表示從整體情況來看，要排除其中的部分特殊情況 except that 意思與except for相同，后須接從句 [自填助記] ①In_addition_to/Besides/Apart_from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain. 他們在倫敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙還有一座別墅。 ②Everything was perfect except_for/apart_from the weather. 除了天氣之外

21、，一切都很完美。 ③I dont know much about the man except_that hes a fool. 我除了知道他是個(gè)傻瓜外，其他情況所知甚少。 ④The shop is open every day except on Sundays. 除了星期天之外，這家商店每天都營業(yè)。 2．be strict with ...對……嚴(yán)格的 ①Hong Chens parents are strict with her. 洪辰的父母對她要求很嚴(yán)格。 ②To do this, we must be strict with the members. 為了做到這一點(diǎn)

22、，我們必須嚴(yán)格要求隊(duì)員。 (1)be strict in (doing) sth. 對(做)某事要求嚴(yán)格 (2)strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說 ③We should be_strict_in_(doing) our work. 對工作我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求。 3．make sense講得通；有意義 [教材原句]　Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。 ①It m

23、akes sense to save money while you can. 錢能省就省，這很明智。 make no sense　　 沒有道理；沒有意義 make sense of 明白；理解 in a sense 從某種意義上說 in no sense 決不 Theres no sense in doing ... 做……是沒有道理/作用的 ②Who would send me all these flowers? It really makes no sense. 誰會(huì)送給我這么多花呢？真是不可思議。 ③We all couldnt make_

24、sense_of that painting. 我們都沒有理解那幅畫。 ④In no sense can you do that again. 你決不能再那樣做了。 ⑤There_is_no_sense_in worrying about it now. 現(xiàn)在擔(dān)心這件事已沒有必要了。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Apart from them, I had no one to talk to. 2．All students dont obey the school rules, so as a teacher, we should be strict with them. 3．

25、What he said seemed to_make (make) sense, but I insisted on my own way. 4．It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. 5．James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．除了花費(fèi)外，它還占用大量的時(shí)間。 In_addition_to/Besides/Apart_f

26、rom_the_cost,_it will take a lot of time. 2．他話不多，但言之有理。 He doesnt talk much, but what he says makes_sense. 3．嚴(yán)以律己，寬以待人。 Be_strict_with oneself and lenient towards others. 4．即使父母不再共同生活，他們也應(yīng)繼續(xù)對子女負(fù)責(zé)。 Even if parents no longer live together, they should continue to be_responsible_for their childre

27、n. 1．[句型展示]　I had_expected it to be better. 我本期望會(huì)更好。 [典例背誦] I had expected much from his speech, but nothing new came. 我曾對他的演講抱有很大希望，但實(shí)際上沒有什么新鮮東西。 2．[句型展示]　Only_if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。 [典例

28、背誦] Only if we love life will we never run out of our inspirations. 只有熱愛生活，我們的靈感才不會(huì)枯竭。 3．[句型展示]　He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going_round_it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把固定的太陽放在太陽系的中心，別的行星都圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，只有月亮仍然圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 [典例背誦] With the beaut

29、iful moon up in the sky, we sit together and eat mooncakes and fruits, sharing our stories.(遼寧高考書面表達(dá)) 美麗的月亮高掛在天空，我們坐在一起吃著月餅和水果，一起分享我們的故事。 1．Only_if_you_put_the_sun_there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。 這是一個(gè)倒裝句，“only＋狀語或狀語從句”放于句首要使用

30、部分倒裝，即把助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be 放在主語之前。 ①Only in this way can we solve the problem. 只有通過這種方式，我們才能解決這個(gè)問題。 ②Only when he returned did_we_find_out the truth. 只有他回來時(shí)我們才發(fā)現(xiàn)了真相。 ③Only she can do it well, for she is more experienced. 只有她才能把它做好，因?yàn)樗薪?jīng)驗(yàn)。 if only, only if if only “但愿……；要是……就好了”，常引導(dǎo)含虛擬語氣的條件句或感嘆句

31、 only if “只有……”，only if本身不是一個(gè)固定詞組。only是副詞，用來修飾整個(gè)if從句。若用于句首，后接從句，主句要部分倒裝 [自填助記] ①If_only I were slimmer, more beautiful, richer and more clever! 要是我更苗條一些、更漂亮一些、更富有一些、更聰明一些該多好?。? ②You will pass the driving test only_if you practice hard. 只有努力練習(xí)，你才能通過駕照考試。 2．He placed a fixed sun at the centre

32、 of the solar system with_the_planets_going_round_it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把固定的太陽放在太陽系的中心，別的行星都圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，只有月亮仍然圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 with the planets going round it 是“with＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語，表示原因、條件、伴隨等。此外，此結(jié)構(gòu)還可作后置定語。 with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成： ①The little boy ran along the street with nothing on.

33、 這個(gè)小男孩沿街跑著，什么也沒穿。 ②With prices going_up,_we cant afford too many clothes. 隨著物價(jià)的上漲，我們買不起太多的衣服。 ③I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling. 我在房間里坐了一會(huì)兒，眼睛盯著天花板。 ④I cant go out with all these dishes to_wash. 我不能丟下這些要洗的碟子就出去。 ⑤We live in a house with many flowers around

34、it. 我們住在一所周圍有很多花的房子里。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．I had no information about my son. If only I had_given (give) him a hand. 2．Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room. 3．I had_expected_(expect) to become more cautious but it was not the case. 4．With science and technolog

35、y developing (develop) rapidly, who can predict what inventions there will be in the future? Ⅱ.完成句子(用only if或if only) 1．只有多鍛煉，你才能保持身體健康。 Only_if_you_take_more_exercise will you be able to keep fit. 2．要是他們現(xiàn)在在這里，我們就能慶祝他們的結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日了。 If_only_they_were_here_now,_we would be able to celebrate their we

36、dding anniversary. Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．The Internet users have been warned to_reject (reject) any messages that ask you to send cash or personal information, no matter how formal they are. 2．The girl is standing beside the street with her eyes fixed (fix) on the busy street. 3．She showed the visitors a

37、round the museum, the construction (construct) of which had taken more than three years. 4．There are three factors contributing (contribute) to my decision. 5．If you want to make progress in your study, above all, you must be strict with yourself. 6．The lectures offer students a chance to make se

38、nse of the mystery of space. 7．With his mother helping (help) him, he is getting along well with his work. 8．We were over the hill before this crazy movement (move) could be discovered. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．他所做的一切對他的成功很有益處。 What he did contributed_to his success greatly. 2．因?yàn)橥ㄏ驒C(jī)場的道路正在重建，我們最好早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。 As the

39、road to the airport is_under_reconstruction/being_constructed,_wed better set off early. 3．約翰到幾家公司去應(yīng)聘，但他一次次地遭到拒絕。 John applied to several companies, but he_was_rejected over and over again. 4．我們必須對學(xué)生嚴(yán)格要求，同時(shí)我們也應(yīng)該給予他們關(guān)愛。 We must_be_strict_with our students while we should give them love and care.

40、 5．無論你怎樣讀這個(gè)句子，它就是講不通。 This sentence just doesnt_make_sense/makes_no_sense,_no matter how you read it. 6．我只有找到兼職工作，才有足夠的錢上學(xué)。 Only if I get a parttime job will_I_have_enough_money to go to school. Ⅲ.完形填空 Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe fin

41、ally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the __1__ of a sewing machine but he had __2__ a very difficult problem: it seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly __3__ the needle. __4__ he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had

42、 been caught by terrible savages whose __5__ wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a __6__ sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as __7__. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Ho

43、we. They came up towards him with their __8__ raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a(n) __9__ in the tip of each spear (矛). The inventor awoke from the dream, __10__ that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the need

44、le, he should make it run through a small hole in the __11__ of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first __12__ practised sewing machine. To know the __13__ of dreams, you have to __14__ what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind i

45、s still working. This unconscious (無意識的), but still __15__ part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the __16__. It stores all sorts of information that you __17__ have forgotten or never have really __18__. It is only when you fall asleep that this part

46、of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are __19__. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange __20__ which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to ourselves”． 語篇解讀：“有心栽花花不開，無心插柳柳成蔭”。一項(xiàng)

47、發(fā)明中的難題，卻在夢中輕易地解決了。本文敘述了夢中解決問題的思維過程。 1．A.work　　　　　　　 　B．invention C．design D．thought 解析：選C　此處是指發(fā)明中的設(shè)計(jì)；第二段最后一句中也有提示。 2．A.worked out B．run into C．come up D．dealt with 解析：選B　此空是指在設(shè)計(jì)中“遇到”一個(gè)困難。 3．A.around B．through C．a(chǎn)cross D．over 解析：選A　在第二段中復(fù)現(xiàn)了此信息“Instead of trying to get the thread to

48、 run around the needle”。 4．A.Because B．As C．However D．Though 解析：選D　此處是表示讓步。 5．A.people B．leader C．king D．soldier 解析：選C　下文“The king flew into the cage ...”中有提示。 6．A.useful B．perfect C．new D．modern 解析：選B　夢中暗示了生活中的情形，要求他做一臺(tái)“完美的”縫紉機(jī)。 7．A.before B．usual C．is D．yet 解析：選A　這個(gè)問題和他

49、做夢之前遇到的問題一樣。 8．A.knives B．swords C．guns D．spears 解析：選D　從下文可以看出他們是要用“矛”來殺死他。 9．A.ribbon B．hole C．needle D．point 解析：選B　從后面可以看出國王要?dú)⑺浪玫拿呛涂p紉機(jī)的針頭一樣的，所以中間應(yīng)有一個(gè)小洞。 10．A.thinking B．knowing C．realizing D．saying 解析：選C　夢中的情景讓他“意識到”了問題的解決方法。 11．A.top B．middle C．end D．center 解析：選D　根據(jù)

50、生活常識并結(jié)合大意可知此處指縫紉機(jī)針的中間。 12．A.really B．valuably C．usefully D．perfectly 解析：選A　根據(jù)故事情節(jié)可知，此項(xiàng)發(fā)明的最后一個(gè)難題解決后，就出現(xiàn)了一臺(tái)“真正”實(shí)用的縫紉機(jī)。 13．A.use B．power C．value D．function 解析：選C　此文講的正是夢的“價(jià)值”。 14．A.imagine B．guess C．notice D．understand 解析：選D　下文講的就是“理解”夢中是怎樣解決實(shí)際問題的。 15．A.awaken B．a(chǎn)ctive C．a(chǎn)live

51、 D．existent 解析：選B　從上面的故事中夢中無意識的、“積極的”思維可知此答案。 16．A.day B．night C．time D．work 解析：選A　此處是指夢中解決“白天”的難題。 17．A.can B．may C．should D．must 解析：選B　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測用may。 18．A.remembered B．seen C．received D．noticed 解析：選D　與前面動(dòng)詞forgotten并列，指“忘記”或未“注意”。 19．A.conscious B．a(chǎn)wake C．dangerous D．happ

52、y 解析：選B　與前面asleep構(gòu)成對比。 20．A.images B．messages C．dreams D．knowledge 解析：選A　此處是大腦中出現(xiàn)了message后，使用一種特殊的“形象”表現(xiàn)出來。如發(fā)明縫紉機(jī)針頭時(shí)的spear的形象。 Ⅳ.閱讀七選五 Is breakfast important? Yes, it is. Often we neglect breakfast, sometimes due to busy schedules or after the time for breakfast has passed.Its not a heal

53、thy choice to skip breakfast even if you are trying to lose weight. Some people skip their breakfast as a strategy to lose weight. Not a smart choice！__1__ Just like a machine, your body needs to be refueled and it begins with breakfast. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.__2__ Not on

54、ly your body, but your brain also needs nutrition to work properly. When you skip your breakfast, you tend to become tired, sleepy and cannot concentrate well because you lack some energy. __3__ Many studies prove that people who eat breakfast regularly are more likely to have a good healthy weight

55、. Also, skipping breakfast will make you eat lunch more than you usually do. __4__ Additionally, eating breakfast raises your metabolism (新陳代謝) by 10%. Besides adding more energy, breakfast will help to restore your sugar level when youre not eating for about twelve hours.It can also give long ter

56、m effects of preventing high blood pressure, diabetes (糖尿病) and even obesity! Many people do not eat sufficient important nutrients like vitamins and minerals needed daily e．g.calcium, protein, carbohydrates, vitamin B etc.__5__ Always encourage your children to have breakfast and make it a habit.

57、Skipping it will make them think that it is not important. Breakfast will help them increase their learning ability and memory function.Studies have shown that children who have breakfast have better grades than those who dont.So，still want to skip your breakfast? A．There are several ways that e

58、ating breakfast might be helpful. B．Skipping breakfast only ensures that you wont get enough of those important nutrients. C．In fact, your body really needs it because breakfast is very important for your health. D．It is easier to control your appetite when youre not too hungry. E．Breakfast is a

59、ctually good for those of you who want to lose weight. F．Lack of energy and nutrition can lead to problems in concentration and slower reaction. G．After sleeping all night, you have to refuel your body to stay fit. 答案：1～5　CGEDB Ⅴ.短文改錯(cuò) Recently our class had a heated discussion on if scientists

60、should clone a human being.Twenty percent of the students think it will be great help to make a breakthrough in this field if scientists clone a human being.But，they think if we clone those intelligent scientists, we will have much more great brains which can probably make outstanding contributions

61、to mankind in the future. However, as much as eighty percent of the students strong object the idea.They believe it is moral to clone a human being.In their opinions, a clone, without a father or mother, cannot live in a normal way as us. Personal, I dont agree with the idea of cloning a human being. 答案：第一句：if→whether 第二句：be后加of 第三句：But→Also或Besides; which→who 第四句：strong→strongly; object后加to 第五句：is后加not 第六句：opinions→opinion; as→like 第七句：Personal→Personally