《中考英語 第二部分語法 第10講 句子種類和成分復(fù)習(xí)課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《中考英語 第二部分語法 第10講 句子種類和成分復(fù)習(xí)課件（30頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第 10 講 句子種類和成分一、用 how, what (a/an)填空1_ delicious food it is! Can I have more? 2 _ interesting film! This is the most interestingfilm I have ever seen.What an3_ bad weather! We cant go hiking today. 4_ nice the music is! Its written by Jay Chou.How5 _ good news it is! We can go for a picnic thisweeke

2、nd.What6_ beautiful clothes they are!WhatWhatWhat7 _ nice teacher he is! He often helps the studentsWhat awith their homework after class.8_ beautiful the flowers are!How9_ hard work! Im afraid I cant finish it on time. 10_ dirty the water is! Wed better not swim here. 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1Those children are stud

3、ents.(改為否定句和一般疑問句)_WhatHowThose children arent students.Are those children students?2Dont be noisy, please.(用 quiet 改為肯定句)_ Be quiet, please.3Stand in the front of the class.(改為否定句和反意疑問句)_ Stand in the front of the class, will/wont you?4The old man can hardly dress himself.(完成反意疑問句)The old man can h

4、ardly dress himself, _ _?he5Jim is ill.Lets go and see him after school.(完成反意疑問句)Jim is ill.Lets go and see him after school, _ _? Dont stand in the front of the class.canweshall6He thinks his aunt is right.(完成反意疑問句)He thinks his aunt is right, _ _?doesnthe7Lindas just come back from America.(完成反意疑問

5、句)Lindas just come back from America, _ _?she8_ runs fastest in our class.(就畫線部分提問)_ runs fastest in our class?Who9_ painting was put up on the wall of our school.(就畫線部分提問)BobsWhose_ painting was put up on the wall of our school?10They usually go to school _.(就畫線部分提問)_ _ they usually go to school?do

6、hasntArthurby busHow句子種類句子種類句子可以從兩個(gè)角度來分類：根據(jù)句子的用途可分為：陳述句(肯定式和否定式)，疑問句(一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句)，祈使句，感嘆句。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分為：簡單句，并列句，復(fù)合句。1簡單句：句中只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而各個(gè)成分都由單詞或短語構(gòu)成的句子叫作簡單句。如：I often play basketball after school.我經(jīng)常放學(xué)后打籃球。2并列句：由并列連接詞把兩個(gè)以上(含兩個(gè))獨(dú)立的簡單句連在一起的句子叫作并列句。如：I am a worker but my brother is a professor.

7、我是一名工人，而我弟弟是一名教授。3復(fù)合句：含有從句的句子叫作復(fù)合句，包括定語從句(形容詞性從句)、狀語從句(副詞性從句)以及名詞性從句(主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句)。如：I know that its difficult to master English.我知道學(xué)好英語不容易。 (賓語從句)Do you know the city which is famous for its light industry?你知道那個(gè)以燈具產(chǎn)業(yè)而聞名的城市嗎？(定語從句)一般疑問句1把 be 動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于句首。2直接用 yes 或 no 來回答。3如果提問人對答案沒有肯定或否定

8、的意向，句中常用非肯定詞。如：Is there anything wrong with your car?你的車出毛病了嗎？如果提問人希望得到肯定的回答希望得到肯定的回答，則句中常用肯定詞。如：Would you like some drink？你想喝點(diǎn)什么？特殊疑問句特殊疑問句是用疑問代詞或疑問副詞提問的句子，不用 yes或 no 回答。1疑問詞作句子的賓語、狀語、表語或修飾這三種成分時(shí)，用“疑問詞一般疑問句”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：When will you go？你什么時(shí)候去？2疑問詞作主語或主語的定語時(shí)，用陳述句語序。如：Whose father works in Shanghai?誰的父親在上海工

9、作？3特殊疑問詞有：when, where, what, who, whom, whose,which, why, how, how many, how much, how soon, how often,how old 等。選擇疑問句由“一般疑問句or供選擇的部分”構(gòu)成，不能用 yes或 no 來回答。如：Would you like tea or coffee?你想要喝茶還是咖啡？Tea, please.茶。反意疑問句1構(gòu)成：陳述句簡略問句遵循原則：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。簡略問句的主語與陳述句主語保持一致，只能用人稱代詞(there 除外)；簡略問句

10、的謂語動(dòng)詞也與陳述句的謂語保持一致，如果是否定，一定要用簡寫。如：Jim isnt a student, is he？吉姆不是一名學(xué)生，對嗎？There are some books in it, arent there?里面有一些書，是嗎？2陳述句用“Im.”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，簡略問句一般用“arent I”。如：Im late, arent I？我遲到了，是嗎？3陳述句中有 little, few, no, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等表示否定意義的詞時(shí)，簡略問句用肯定形式。如：There is little water in the bottle, is ther

11、e?瓶子里沒多少水了，是嗎？4陳述句主語為不定代詞 nothing, something, anything 時(shí)，簡略問句的主語用代詞 it；陳述句主語為不定代詞 everyone, noone, someone, everybody, nobody, anybody 時(shí)，簡略問句的主語常用代詞 they，有時(shí)也用 he。如：Everyone is here, arent they/isnt he?大家都到齊了，是嗎？5陳述句的主語是指示代詞 this 或 that 時(shí)，簡略問句的主語用 it；陳述句的主語是 these 或 those 時(shí)，簡略問句的主語用they。如：This is ver

12、y important, isnt it?這很重要，不是嗎？6陳述句部分如果是“I (dont) think (believe, suppose.)賓語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)，簡略問句的主語和動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與賓語從句中的主語和謂語保持一致。如：I dont think he is right, is he?我認(rèn)為他不對，是吧？7含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must 表示猜測“一定是；必定”時(shí)，簡略問句部分與 must 后面的部分保持一致，不能用 mustnt；當(dāng)must 表示“一定要；必須”時(shí)，簡略問句部分用 neednt。如：You must be tired, arent you?你一定很累了，是不是？You must g

13、o home right now, neednt you?你必須馬上回家，不是嗎？You mustnt walk on grass, must you?你不可以踩踏草地，對嗎？8祈使句的反意疑問句肯定祈使句，will you/wont you?否定祈使句，will you?Lets.，shall we？(包括對方)Let us.，will you？(不包括對方)9感嘆句的反意疑問句一律用否定式，并用 be 動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：What a lovely girl, isnt she?多可愛的女孩呀，不是嗎？10對反意疑問句作答時(shí)，需根據(jù)其實(shí)際情況而定。實(shí)際情況是肯定的，則用“Yes肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”

14、；實(shí)際情況是否定的，則用“No否定結(jié)構(gòu)”。如：You cant speak English, can you?你不會(huì)說英語，是嗎？Yes, I can.不，我會(huì)的。祈使句祈使句用以表示命令、請求、叮囑或建議，主語通常省略。肯定式謂語動(dòng)詞用原形，否定式用 “Dont (Never) 動(dòng)詞原形” 。如：Turn on the light.開燈。Dont turn on the light.不要開燈。感嘆句感嘆句通常用 what 或 how 引導(dǎo)，用來表示強(qiáng)烈的感情。感嘆句的基本句型有：1以 how 開頭的感嘆句(1)How形容詞形容詞/副詞主語謂語副詞主語謂語How beautiful the f

15、lower is！多漂亮的花??！(2)How形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞(省略主語和謂語省略主語和謂語)How interesting (it is)！真有趣！(3)how 還可修飾動(dòng)詞，句型是“How主語謂語主語謂語”。如：How I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play it!我多么希望能聽到貝多芬親自彈這首曲子！2以 what 開頭的感嘆句(1)What (a/an)形容詞名詞形容詞名詞(主語謂語主語謂語)What a nice horse it is！多好的一匹馬??！What fine weather！多好的天氣！(2)What (a/an)名詞名

16、詞(省略主語和謂語省略主語和謂語)What a pity！真遺憾！句子成分句子成分句子的成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。句子成分構(gòu)成例句主語名詞、主格代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞 不定式、動(dòng)名詞等The boy comes from Australia. 這個(gè)男孩來自加拿大。謂語動(dòng)詞，一般位于主語之后I can speak English.我會(huì)說英 語。賓語名詞、賓格代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞 不定式、動(dòng)名詞等I will do it tomorrow.我明天 做這件事。表語在連系動(dòng)詞之后的形容詞、副詞、名詞、代詞、不定式、介 詞短語等The boy became a teache

17、r atlast.這個(gè)男孩最后成了一名 老師。定語形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語 等The boy in blue is Tom.穿藍(lán) 色衣服的男孩是湯姆。狀語副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞 短語、不定式等The girl lives in America.這個(gè) 女孩住在美國。賓語補(bǔ)足 語形容詞、副詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、分詞等I saw a cat running across theroad.我看到一只貓穿過馬 路。同位 語名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句We students should study hard. 我們學(xué)生應(yīng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。()1.(2011 年 廣 東 )Ali

18、ce had nothing for breakfast thismorning, _？No.She got up too late.Ahad sheCdid sheBhadnt she Ddidnt she解析：前面陳述句中有表示否定的 nothing，動(dòng)詞 had 是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，故反意疑問句要借助助動(dòng)詞 did，選 C。C()2.(2011 年廣東河源)Lets go to the cinema to see a film,_？BAwill youBshall weCwont youDdont you解析：前面是 Lets 開頭的祈使句，其反意疑問句應(yīng)用 shallwe。()3.(2011

19、年廣東河源)Peter, _ do you visit yourDgrandparents? Twice a month.Ahow longBhow soon Chow farDhow often解析：由答語可知是對頻率提問，故用 how often，表示“多久一次”。( )4.(2011 年廣東河源)_ delicious beef! Well.You can eat more if you like it.AWhatBWhat aCHowDHow a解析：what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句式為“What (a/an)形容詞名詞(主語謂語)！”，beef 是不可數(shù)名詞，故選 A。()5.(2011 年

20、廣東廣州)I hear the tall girl wearing glasses isyour new classmate.Shes from America, _？Ahas sheChasnt sheBisnt sheDdoes she解析：前面陳述句是肯定句，其 be 動(dòng)詞為 is，故反意疑問句中用 isnt。BA()6.(2011 年 廣 東 佛 山 )_ cute the monkeys arewhen they ask for food!AAHowBWhatCWhat a解析：how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句式為“How形容詞主語謂語！”，故選 A。()7.(2011 年 廣 東 佛 山 )

21、_ is the history ofBTsinghua University?100 years.AHow soonBHow longCHow far解析：由答語可知是提問時(shí)間長短的，故用 how long，意為“多長時(shí)間”。()8.(2011 年 廣 東 肇 慶 )The students in Class Two playedbasketball against Class One yesterday, _？BAdid theyBdidnt they解析：陳述句部分是肯定句，且謂語動(dòng)詞為 played，故其反意疑問句要借助助動(dòng)詞 did 且為否定形式。選 B。Cwerent they()

22、9.(2011 年 廣 東 深 圳 )There is something wrong withyour bike, _？B解析：there be 句型的反意疑問句主語仍用 there，且陳述句部分是肯定的，故其反意疑問句用否定形式；have sth.done 使某事被做。Yes.Ill have it _ tomorrow.Aisnt it; mendBisnt there; mendedCisnt it; mendedDisnt there; mend()10.(2011 年廣東深圳)_ good time we had atthe party last night!CYes.It was

23、 _ exciting party that I would neverforget it.AWhat; soCWhat a; such anBHow; suchDHow a; so an解析：what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句式為“What (a/an)形容詞名詞(主語謂語)！”，time 在此為可數(shù)名詞，意為“一段時(shí)光”；such 修飾名詞時(shí)常用于結(jié)構(gòu)“sucha/an形容詞名詞”。故選 C。( )11.(2011 年廣東茂名)Dont open the door, _？Aarent youBdont you解析：祈使句的反意疑問句用 will/wont you，因陳述句部分是否定的，故用 will

24、 you。Adoesnt heCdoes heBisnt heDis he解析：have 表示“擁有”時(shí)，其反意疑問句有兩種形式：“hasnt(復(fù)數(shù) havent，過去時(shí) hadnt)主語”或“doesnt(復(fù)數(shù)dont，過去時(shí) didnt)主語”，故選 A。Cwill you( )12.(2010 年廣東)The boy has a new MP4, _？ACA( )13.(2010 年廣東)_ will you come back?In an hour.AHow soonCHow farBHow oftenDHow long解析：由答語可知是提問“多久以后”，故用 how soon。()1

25、4.(2010 年 廣 東 茂 名 )Do you know _Mr.Smith comes to the shop?Once a week.Ahow oftenBhow long解析：根據(jù)答語“Once a week.”可知是提問頻率，故選 A。AChow soon()15.(2010 年廣東湛江)There is some beef in the fridge,_？Yes, there is.Ais thereChas thereBisnt thereDhasnt there解析：陳述句部分為 there is，故反意疑問部分用 isnt there。()16.(2010 年 廣 東 深

26、圳 )Lets go to the zoo by taxi,_？DMaybe we can go there _.Its not far.Awont you; on footCshall we; by footBwont you; by footDshall we; on foot解析：Lets 開頭的祈使句，其反意疑問句用 shall we；表示“步行”用 on foot。B()17.(2010 年廣東佛山)_ sad we felt at the news ofCthe Yushu earthquake!AWhatBWhat a解析：how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句句式為“How形容詞主語謂語！”，故選 C。CHow