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1、現(xiàn)在完成時怎樣使用呢？現(xiàn)在完成時怎樣使用呢？請看一下情景請看一下情景1.A man sitting next to you on a flight seems very nervous but feels very excited. You can ask: Have you ever taken a flight before?(take a flight)John goes out. Five minutes later, the phone ringand the caller says “Can I speak to John?” You say: “I am afraid he ha

2、s just gone out.(go out)You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say: Wait a minute! _.(not/finish) 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。造成的影響或結(jié)果。(漢語中常用漢語中常用“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”、“過過”、“了了”等表達(dá)）通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞等表達(dá)）通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時

3、間副詞 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等狀語連用。我等狀語連用。我們用一幅圖來表達(dá)會更容易理們用一幅圖來表達(dá)會更容易理例如：例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my math book. 助動詞助動詞have (has) + 動詞的

4、過去分詞動詞的過去分詞注：注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有用于其他所有人稱。人稱。規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞變化與過去式相同，規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞變化與過去式相同，不規(guī)則變化則須單獨記憶。不規(guī)則變化則須單獨記憶。2.現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會持續(xù)下去的也許還會持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。可以和表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用。動作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎狙永m(xù)的時間狀語連用。 如如for、since 等引等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。（導(dǎo)的時間狀語。（注意：句中謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞注意：句中謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞）一段時間的表達(dá)方法有兩種一

5、段時間的表達(dá)方法有兩種:for: +一段時間一段時間 for a year for two weeks for three years 過去的某一時刻過去的某一時刻, since nine since last week 一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句 since you came since you got home.注意注意:for 和和since 所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語都表示一段時間所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語都表示一段時間.He has been away since last week.He has been away for one week.對劃線部分提問都用對劃線部分提問都

6、用How longSince have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地曾經(jīng)到過某地”，說話時此人不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。說話時此人不在那里，已經(jīng)回來。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已經(jīng)去某地已經(jīng)去某地了了”，說話時此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正，說話時此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在這里。不在這里。 He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。他曾去過北京。 （人已回來，可能在這兒）（人已回來，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去北京了。他已經(jīng)去北京了。 （人已走，不

7、在這兒）。（人已走，不在這兒）。 1）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作動作，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。而現(xiàn)在完成，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。而現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的情況情況。 2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語有：一般過去時的時間狀語有：yester

8、day, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now,等具體等具體的時間狀語。的時間狀語。 共同的時間狀語有：共同的時間狀語有：this morning, tonight, this summer, before, already,等。等。 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語有：現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years等不確定的時間狀語。等不確定的時間狀語。 I saw this film yesterday. （只說明動作發(fā)生在過去。）（只說明動作發(fā)生在過去。）

9、I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She has returned from Paris. （她已從巴黎回來了。）（她已從巴黎回來了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來的。）（她是昨天回來的。） He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán)，三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。為短暫行為。)

10、 注意：注意：句子中如有一般過去時的時間副詞（如句子中如有一般過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。例如：）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。例如： （錯）（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 瞬間動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，但不能和表瞬間動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，但不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如可說示一段時間的狀語連用。如可說“He has

11、left.”但但不能說不能說“He has left for three years.” 如果要表達(dá)如果要表達(dá)“他已走了三年了他已走了三年了”可用以下幾種表達(dá)法：可用以下幾種表達(dá)法：一、用一、用ago,使用一般過去時。使用一般過去時。 He left here three years ago.二、用二、用“It is +一段時間一段時間since 一般過去時從句一般過去時從句 ” It is three years since he left here.三、用三、用“ 一段時間一段時間have/ has passed + since + 一一般過去時從句般過去時從句”Three years h

12、ave passed since he left here.以上三種表示方法適用于所有瞬間動詞。以上三種表示方法適用于所有瞬間動詞。 另外，還可用其它表示方法，但只適用于部另外，還可用其它表示方法，但只適用于部分瞬間動詞。具體辦法是將瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表延分瞬間動詞。具體辦法是將瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表延續(xù)的動詞或者表狀態(tài)的續(xù)的動詞或者表狀態(tài)的be+名詞形容詞或副詞名詞形容詞或副詞介詞短語等。介詞短語等。1.直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動詞直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動詞 buy catch (get) a cold borrow come/go /become have have a coldkeepbe2.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+

13、名詞名詞 join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party memberbe a student3轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞 die finish begin leave fall sleep close openbe deadbe overbe onbe awaybe asleep be closedbe open4.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語介詞短語 go to school join the army.我們買這本書三年了我們買這本書三年了.We have had the book for

14、three years.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了.He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同義句一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同義句be in schoolbe in the army自從上星期以來自從上星期以來,我就借了這本書我就借了這本書. I have kept the book since last week.我成為一個學(xué)生兩年多了我成為一個學(xué)生兩年多了. I have been a st

15、udent for over two years. I borrowed the book last week.I became a student two years ago. Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.小明參軍半年了。小明參軍半年了。Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.我們上了我們上了8年學(xué)了。年學(xué)了。W

16、e have been students for eight years.下課下課10分鐘了分鐘了 The class has been over for ten minutes.9.電影開始了一小時了電影開始了一小時了 The film has been on for an hour.一看時間狀語一看時間狀語。如果句中沒有表示過去確切時間。如果句中沒有表示過去確切時間的狀語，常用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果有，則只能用一的狀語，常用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果有，則只能用一般過去時。如：般過去時。如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year

17、.二看句首有無疑問詞。二看句首有無疑問詞。如果籠統(tǒng)地問人家做過某如果籠統(tǒng)地問人家做過某事了嗎（句首無疑問詞），常用事了嗎（句首無疑問詞），常用現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時；但；但進(jìn)一步詢問何時、何地、何原因、用什么方式做進(jìn)一步詢問何時、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事時（句首有疑問詞）就要用那事時（句首有疑問詞）就要用一般過去時一般過去時。如：。如：Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have.When did you have it? At seven thirty.三看句中謂語動詞是否為延續(xù)性動詞三看句中謂語動詞是否為延續(xù)性動詞。如果表示的動作或。如果表示的動作或

18、狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，最好選用延續(xù)性動詞，并使用現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，最好選用延續(xù)性動詞，并使用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果是瞬間動詞，則用一般過去時。如：完成時；如果是瞬間動詞，則用一般過去時。如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.注意：注意： 這種用法是以連貫性問答為背景的。否則就需要這種用法是以連貫性問答為背景的。否則就需要具體情況具體分析。如：具體情況具體分析。如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did y

19、ou learn them by heart?( )1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before, _? A. havent you B. have you C. do you D. dont you( ) 2. I have watched the game. When _ you _ it? A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch( )3. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has liv

20、ed C. lives D. is going to live( )4. His grandma _ for two years. A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead BCBD( )5. Where is Han Mei now? She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone( )6. _ you _to the United Stated ? No, never,but I went to C

21、anada a few years agoA. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go( )7. You havent changed your mind,_?A. do you B. are you C. have you D. did you( )8. How long have you _ the football team of the school?A. played B. been at C. joined D been on AACD( )9. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to K

22、unming with my friends.A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone( )10. How long have you _ this book?A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent( )11. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? Yes, I _ it last night.A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw( )12. He has never ridden a horse before,_? A. is he B. isnt he C. hasnt he D. has heBCDD