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1、名詞性從句一.相關(guān)概念1.名詞：名詞：表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞的句法作用名詞的句法作用：名詞在句中主要作主語、賓：名詞在句中主要作主語、賓 語、表語和同位語。另外還可以作定語、狀語。語、表語和同位語。另外還可以作定語、狀語。3.名詞性從句：名詞性從句： 在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髟谟⒄Z的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹?語、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充語、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充 當(dāng)，這個句子就叫名詞性從句。當(dāng)，這個句子就叫名詞性從句。4.名詞性從句的種類：名詞性從句的種類： 根據(jù)名詞性從句在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)牟煌煞?，根?jù)

2、名詞性從句在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)牟煌煞郑?名詞性從句可以分為名詞性從句可以分為主語從句、賓語從句、表主語從句、賓語從句、表 語從句和同位語從句語從句和同位語從句。二.主語從句1.主語從句的連接詞1).連接詞: that, whether (1).That he will win is certain. (2).It has been reported that sales of beef in China will increase. (3).Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided. (4).Whether he ll

3、 join us in the discussion is of great importance.2).連接代詞連接代詞: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whatever, whichever(1).It is clear who is afraid of having a change in land ownership.(2).Whose bag it is can not be told.(3).What India needs is a law to make land ownership fairer.(4).It is not ye

4、t decided which cash crop will be produced next year.(5).Whatever he said was right.(6).Whoever go there must get ready by 6 oclock.3).連接副詞連接副詞: when, where, why, how, how many, how much, how long, how soon, how often例:(1).When well start tomorrow will be told soon. (2).Where we can buy oxen is some

5、thing we need to find out. (3).Why he came here is not known. (4).How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed. (5).How many people died from starvation that year will never be known. (6).How often hell go to see his grandmother depends on the time he can spare.2.2.注意點(diǎn)注意點(diǎn)1).主語從句一律用陳述

6、句語序主語從句一律用陳述句語序,即主語在前即主語在前,謂謂 語在后語在后. 例例: 正正: When he will come is not known. 誤誤: When will he come is not known.2).連接詞連接詞that在從句中無實(shí)際意義在從句中無實(shí)際意義,但不能省略但不能省略. 例例: 正正: That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true. 誤誤: He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.3).whether可以引導(dǎo)主語從句可

7、以引導(dǎo)主語從句,但但 if 不能不能.4).whoever, whatever, whichever等詞可以引導(dǎo)主等詞可以引導(dǎo)主語從句語從句, 但但no matter who, no matter what 等不能等不能.5).為避免主語冗長為避免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用經(jīng)常用it作形作形式主語式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語主語從句放在后面作真正的主語.It is well known/reported/thought/said/thatIt is clear/necessary/certain/tr/doubtful/thatIt is a pity/a shame/

8、an honour/ thatIt doesnt matter whether/It seems that It happens that It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分分,都可用連詞都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to s

9、ee the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.(1) It is 名詞名詞 從句從句 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是事實(shí)是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that 是常識是常識(2) It is 形容詞形容詞 從句從句 It is natural that 很自然很自然

10、 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物動詞不及物動詞 從句從句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎(4) It 過去分詞過去分詞 從句從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報道據(jù)報道 It has been proved that 已證實(shí)已證實(shí) It is said that 據(jù)說據(jù)說 （1）if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。（2）It is said /reported結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不

11、可提前。例如：例如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It

12、 doesnt matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語 從句不可提前。從句不可提前。例如：例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可）含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可 提前。提前。例如：例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? Is that will rain in the evening likely? 三三.

13、.賓語從句賓語從句1.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞: 賓語從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞相同.2.注意點(diǎn)1).賓語從句一律用陳述句的語序.2).引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that也無實(shí)際意義,多數(shù) 情況下可以省略.3).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句 但: (1).當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時,不用if. 例: I dont know whether I will stay or not. (2).介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if. 例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.4).that在賓語從句中的省略與保留 (1).在主+謂+it(形式賓語)+賓

14、補(bǔ)+that 從句(真正賓語) 的句型中不省略.例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. (2).由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導(dǎo) 的賓語從句中,that 不省略.例: He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.賓語從句賓語從句1. 作動詞的賓語作動詞的賓語 (1) 由由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通?？梢允÷酝ǔ？梢允÷?, I heard that be joined the army. (2) 由由what, whether

15、(if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如：動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介詞的賓語，作介詞的賓語， Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容詞的賓語作形容詞的賓語 I

16、 am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.注意：注意：that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語： anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。等。也可以將此類詞后的也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。從

17、句的看作原因狀語從句。 4. it 可以作為形式賓語可以作為形式賓語 it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month.5. 后邊不能直接跟后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞從句的動詞 這類動詞有這類動詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate,

18、 dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 I admire their winning the match. I admire that they won the match. 6. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 若主句謂語動詞為若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把

19、否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。謂語用肯定式。 I dont think this dress fits you well. 我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。四四. .表語從句表語從句1.表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞: 基本上與主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同.連詞除了that, whether(不用if)外,還可以用because.在連系動詞seem,look之后還可用as though (as if ). 例: (1).That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. (2).

20、The question was when the butcher was likely to come back from the town. (3).The fact remains that a change in land ownership is needed in India. (4).That is what he told us. (5).It seems as if it is going to rain. 2.注意點(diǎn)1). 表語從句一律用陳述句的語序.2).表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that無實(shí)際意義,但不能省略.3).表語從句只能用whether,而不能用if 引導(dǎo).4).不要使用

21、 The reason is because that 句型, 應(yīng)使用 The reason is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型.例如: 今天早上他遲到的原因是因?yàn)槁飞闲腥颂? 誤: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 正: The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the roa

22、d. 或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.五五. .同位語從句同位語從句1.同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞: that2.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別: 如果that作從句中的某一成分,則是定語從句,如果that不作從句中的任何成分,則是同位語從句. 例: (1). I had no idea that it was so late. (主系表 結(jié)構(gòu),that 不作從句中的成分,同位語從句) (2).I still remember the place that we visi

23、ted last year.(主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),that作從句中的賓 語,定語從句)3.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句前面的名詞常見的有: idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof,message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth,word 等.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的tha

24、t是連是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）國。）（第一個

25、（第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在在從句中作賓語）從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。） （同位語從句，（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）在句中不作任何成分） 名詞性從句幾乎每年高考都要考名詞性從句幾乎每年高考都要考, ,在各種題目在各種題目中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn), ,其中名詞性從句的連接詞的考查其中名詞性從句的連接詞的考查是重中之重是重中之重, ,考生如何正確理解句子的含義考生如何正確理解句子的含義, ,選取選取

26、正確的連接詞正確的連接詞, ,是把握好這一類題目的關(guān)鍵。是把握好這一類題目的關(guān)鍵。一、表語從句的考查一、表語從句的考查 考例考例1 (2003北京春季北京春季)-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh, thats_ . A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited A解析解析:本題全句意為：本題全句意為：“你還在考慮昨天的比賽你還在考慮昨天的比賽嗎？嗎？”“”“哦，

27、正是這件事使我激動不已。哦，正是這件事使我激動不已?！标P(guān)鍵詞語關(guān)鍵詞語“still thinking about yesterdays game” 決定必決定必然用表語從句然用表語從句what makes me feel excited ,表示比賽表示比賽留下久久不能忘懷的印象留下久久不能忘懷的印象,現(xiàn)在還在現(xiàn)在還在thinking; B項(xiàng)是泛項(xiàng)是泛泛而指泛而指,當(dāng)然不行當(dāng)然不行;C和和D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與上下文問題無關(guān)。項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與上下文問題無關(guān)。 考例考例2 2 ( 2002上海春季上海春季)Perseverance is a kind of quality ,and thats_ it takes t

28、o do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why A解析解析:本題考查表語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法。本題考查表語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法。What 既引既引導(dǎo)表語從句又在從句中作導(dǎo)表語從句又在從句中作takes的賓語的賓語,構(gòu)成構(gòu)成It takes sth. to do sth.的句型。的句型。 二、賓語從句的考查二、賓語從句的考查 考例考例3 3 ( 2003安徽春季安徽春季)Mr. Hall understands that_ maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the st

29、udents. A. unless B. since C. although D. when C解析解析:該題考查連詞在賓語從句中的用法該題考查連詞在賓語從句中的用法. 觀察題干觀察題干Mr. Hall understands是主句是主句,其后有其后有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,可可將該句簡化為將該句簡化為: _ maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students.分析簡化后的句子可分析簡化后的句子可知知, maths has always been easy for him與與it is not e

30、asy for the students之間含有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系之間含有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,其他選項(xiàng)不合題干邏其他選項(xiàng)不合題干邏輯。輯。 考例考例4 4(NMET2001)A computer can only do_you have instructed it to do.A. how B. after C. what D. when解析解析: :這是一個賓語從句這是一個賓語從句,do后面缺少賓語后面缺少賓語,what 在句在句中既引導(dǎo)賓語從句，又作中既引導(dǎo)賓語從句，又作do的賓語的賓語 三、主語從句的考查三、主語從句的考查 考例考例5 5 (2002上海春季上海春季)_fashion differs fro

31、m country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which B解析解析:這是含有一個主語從句的句子。因?yàn)橹髡Z從句句意完整這是含有一個主語從句的句子。因?yàn)橹髡Z從句句意完整,只缺一個引導(dǎo)詞，所以要選只缺一個引導(dǎo)詞，所以要選that。這句話的意思是這句話的意思是國與國之國與國之間的時裝差異可以從一個方面反映出其文化的差異間的時裝差異可以從一個方面反映出其文化的差異。 C四、同位語從句的考查四、同位語從句的考查 考例考例6 6（2003上海）上海）

32、There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need_.A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 解析解析:that引導(dǎo)從句作引導(dǎo)從句作problem的同位語的同位語,解釋解釋problem的的具體內(nèi)容具體內(nèi)容.這句話的意思是這句話的意思是私人汽車的普及牽涉到一私人汽車的普及牽涉到一個新的問題，即路況需要改進(jìn)個新的問題，即路況需要改進(jìn)。由于

33、。由于problem與同位與同位語從句被其大量的修飾成分隔開來語從句被其大量的修飾成分隔開來,增加了試題的難度。增加了試題的難度。 A1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.A.who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 2. Can you make sure _ the gold rings? A. where she had put B. where had she put C. where she has put D. where has she put3. _ she co

34、uldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that4. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before. A. that B. how C. where D. what5. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A

35、. What B. Who C. That D. Whether6. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease. A. when B. how C. whether D. why7. _ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. A.There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether用關(guān)系詞填空用關(guān)系詞填空1.All of us

36、wonder _ cleaned the classroom.2.The fact _ he didnt keep his promise made me very angry.3. _ he is right is certain.4.The truth is _ he has come back.5.He asked _ was the matter.6.I dont know _ or not the professor will give us a lecture.7. _ they went there that evening is not clearwhothat Thattha

37、twhatwhetherHow1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A .that what B. what that C .that D .whether3.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 4.Dr.Black comes from eit

38、her Oxford or Cambridge , I cant remember _ A. where B. there C. which D. thatCADA單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空5.Energy is _ make things work. A. what B. everything C. something D. anything6.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because7.He doesnt thin

39、k the question of _ they are men or women is important. A. whether B if C. which D. whyACA8.He often think of _ he can do more for his country. A. what B. how C. that D. which9.It was ordered that all the soldiers _ to the front. A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go10. Air is to us _ water is to fish. A. is that B. what C. which D. thatBCB