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1、第33講賓語從句遼寧中考對賓語從句的考查是必考點(diǎn)。在單項(xiàng)選擇題型中主要考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞辨析、語序和時(shí)態(tài)，句意辨析及三者的混合考查；偶爾在完形填空中涉及對賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞的辨析；句子翻譯題型中也會(huì)考查該知識(shí)點(diǎn)。賓語從句(2015年共考查11次，2014年共考查6次，2013年共考查11次)高頻考向一賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that，在口語中that可以省略。如：We believe (that) he is honest.我們相信他是誠實(shí)的。如果賓語從句由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來，其引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether。一般情況下，二者可以通用，但從句中有or not或從句充當(dāng)介詞的賓語時(shí)

2、，只能用whether。如：I dont know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否會(huì)來這兒。Sorry，I dont know whether he will come or not.對不起，我不知道他是否會(huì)來。賓語從句是特殊疑問句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞就是特殊疑問詞。如：Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告訴我郵局在哪里嗎？The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老師問學(xué)生他們正在做什么。【例1】Could you say it again？

3、I cant understand _ you are talking about.Ahow Bwhen Cwhat Dwhich【解析】how和when在賓語從句中作狀語，而此處賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在賓語從句中作talk about的賓語，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；what“什么”，which“哪一個(gè)”，由句意“我無法理解你正在談?wù)撌裁础笨芍獞?yīng)選what。答案：_【例2】 Could you tell me _ he came here?He drove here himself.Ahow Bwhy Cwhen Dwhether【解析】本題考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。how“怎樣”，why“為什么”；when

4、“什么時(shí)候”；whether“是否”。由答語“他是自己開車來這兒的”可知問句為“你能告訴我他是怎樣來這兒的嗎？”。答案：_CA高頻考向二賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是由主句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定的，一般有下面幾種情況：主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的情況用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work.他說他將叫胡先生給吉姆一些工作。主句的時(shí)態(tài)為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要用相應(yīng)的過去的某一時(shí)態(tài)。如：She said she missed us very much

5、.她說她非常想念我們。從句表示的是客觀真理、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)一律使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他說太陽比地球大?！纠?】 The official said that they _ a new law to protect the tourists the next year.Amakes Bwould makeCmade Dhave made【解析】主句的謂語動(dòng)詞said是過去式，因此從句也應(yīng)用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，由時(shí)間狀語the next year可知應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)。答案：_B高頻考向三賓語從句的

6、語序在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，賓語從句要使用陳述語序，即“引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語其他”。如：I want to know when the train left.我想知道火車是什么時(shí)候離開的。注意：有些特殊疑問句本身是陳述句語序。如：Whats wrong with？Which is the way to？What happened to you？Whats the matter/trouble？Who studies the hardest in your class?do you think后接賓語從句時(shí)，特殊疑問詞即引導(dǎo)詞要前置，do you think作為插入語。如：Who do you th

7、ink he is talking with？你認(rèn)為他正在和誰交談？由do，does，did構(gòu)成的疑問句，在轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句時(shí)，要去掉do，does，did，且從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的變化。如：“Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him.The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.這個(gè)音樂老師想知道他唱得是否很好。如果是will，be，have，can組成的疑問句，在變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí)，要把這些詞還原到句中原來的謂語位置上，并根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。如：“Will yo

8、u be free tomorrow？”She asked me.She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.她問我明天是否是空閑的?！纠?】 Mom，summer holiday is coming.I wonder _.How about the Great Wall？(2015，朝陽)Ahow we can go Bhow can we goCwhere we can go Dwhere can we go【解析】由上句句意“我想知道我們能去哪兒？”以及下句句意“長城怎么樣？”可知選擇C或D；又因?yàn)橘e語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序，可知答案。答

9、案：_C【例5】 Hi，Bruce.Here is a letter for you.Thanks.I wonder _.Awho the letter was fromBwho was from the letterCwho was the letter fromDwho from the letter was【解析】賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序，即be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都應(yīng)放在主語后。在此賓語從句中，主語是the letter，謂語was from應(yīng)放在主語后，故排除選項(xiàng)B和C；選項(xiàng)D將from置于主語前，是錯(cuò)誤的。句意：“嗨，布魯斯。這兒有你的一封信。”“謝謝。我想知道這封信是誰寄來的?！贝?/p>

10、案：_A【例6】 Could you please tell me _？Yes，sure.(2015，鞍山二模)Aif there is a bookshop near hereBwhere can I buy a stampCwhen will the next bus arriveDyou like to eat what【解析】考查賓語從句的語序和引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：“你可以告訴我_？”“當(dāng)然可以?！盇項(xiàng)為陳述句語序，意為“附近是否有一個(gè)書店”；B和C項(xiàng)為一般疑問句語序，不對；D項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)詞位置不對。賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句語序。答案：_A高頻考向四賓語從句的否定前移在賓語從句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)

11、詞為think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等時(shí)，如果主句為I或we時(shí)，從句中表示否定意義的not應(yīng)移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前面。如：I dont suppose he will come.我猜他不會(huì)來?！咀⒁狻咳绻骶渲髡Z不是I或we，則not不前移。如：She thinks she cant arrive there on time.她認(rèn)為她不能按時(shí)到那兒?！纠?】 翻譯：我認(rèn)為明天不會(huì)下雨。I dont think it will rain tomorrow.高頻考向五賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主

12、句的主語相同，且謂語動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide等時(shí)，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：I hope that I can see you again.I hope to see you again.我希望能再次見到你。當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且謂語動(dòng)詞是know，remember，forget，learn等時(shí)，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：I dont know what I should say.I dont know what to say.我不知道該說什么。當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是ask，tell，show，teach等，且賓語從句的主語和主句的間接賓語一致時(shí)，從句可轉(zhuǎn)

13、化為“不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”或“疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Mr.Hu tells us that we shouldnt draw on the wall.Mr.Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老師告訴我們不應(yīng)該在墻上畫畫。Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps?Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？請告訴我在哪兒能買到郵票？有些賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，常用動(dòng)詞find，think，make。如：I think it is necessary for us

14、 to learn to wait.I think it necessary for us to learn to wait.I find she is a good girl.I find her a good girl.由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為定語從句。如：We did what we could to help you.We did everything (that) we could to help you.Robert saw what Mr.Smith did.Robert saw everything (that) Mr.Smith did.【例8】 將下列句子改為簡單句。The teacher told the boy he shouldnt spend too much time playing games.【解析】主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是tell，賓語從句的主語是主句的間接賓語，故從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：tell sb.not to do sth.。答案：The teacher told the boy not to spend too much time playing games.