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1、1.動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)20172017年高考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)年高考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí) 一、動詞的時態(tài) 1一般現(xiàn)在時 (1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作和現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征。句中常用often，usually，every day等時間狀語。 They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual dist

2、ance is only 20 miles. (2)表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理或自然現(xiàn)象，無論在什么情況下都用一般現(xiàn)在時表示。 “Life is like walking in the snow，”Granny used to say，“because every step shows So what is the procedure? All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority. (3)在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。 Youd better write

3、 down her phone number before you forget it. (4)表示按計劃、時刻表規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作，但限于少數(shù)動詞。如begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等。 The flight takes off at 230 every Wednesday and Friday. 2一般過去時 (1)表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時間狀語連用(或上下文語境有暗示)；用于表示過去的習(xí)慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到的事。 Last summer，two nineteenthcentury

4、cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montaria，to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco. Michaels father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. (2)注意句型：was/w

5、ere about to do. when.中when后從句的動詞用過去式。 I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 3現(xiàn)在完成時 常用的時間狀語有：so far，recently，lately，once/twice/three.times，before，ever，by now，in the last/past few years，over a long time，up to now，yet，already，just，since等。主要用于以下幾種情況： (1)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 How much do y

6、ou know about The Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? Well，the media have covered it in a variety of forms. (2)表示從過去某一時間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 They have been good friends since they met at a meeting. Shakespeares play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years. (3)下列

7、句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時。 It is (has been)一段時間since從句 This (That/It) is the first (second.) timethat從句 This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時以前已完成的動作。 We wont start the work until all the preparations have been made. 4過去完成時 (1)過去某一時間或某一動作前已完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

8、過去某一時間的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去另一時間，還可能持續(xù)下去。常與for，since等構(gòu)成的時間狀語連用。 He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he had had it for a very long time. We first met on a train in 2016.We both felt immediately that we had known each other for years. (2)有些動詞有時用過去完成時表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。這類動詞常見的有：hope，plan，mean，expect，i

9、ntend，suppose，want，think等。 I had hoped to be back last night，but I didnt catch the train. (3)在特殊句式hardly/scarcely.when.；no sooner.than.中，主句常用過去完成時，該句式意為“一就；剛就”。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 5將來完成時 將來完成時表示到將來某一時間，某一動作將會完成，常用的時間狀語為“by將來的某個時間”。 I hear that Jason i

10、s planning to buy a car. I know. By next month，he will have saved enough for a used one. 6現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 表示說話時正在發(fā)生著的一個動作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時的一個動作；表近期特定的安排或計劃；go，come等表示起止動作的動詞可用進(jìn)行時代替將來時。 You are always studying in the library.Why not have a picnic this afternoon? 7過去進(jìn)行時 (1)過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或某動作在某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。 Did yo

11、u catch what I said? Sorry. I was answering a text message just now. She was phoning someone，so I nodded to her and went away. (2)某一動作發(fā)生時另一動作正在進(jìn)行，其中的持續(xù)性動作用過去進(jìn)行時，短暫性動作用一般過去時。 I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. Im so sorry. But I was doing my homework. 8現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 (1)表

12、示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，并且現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行。 The girl has a great interest in sport and has been taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. (2)表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，在說話時剛剛結(jié)束。 Where have you been？We have been looking for you everywhere. 9將來進(jìn)行時 將來進(jìn)行時可用于表示將來某個時刻正在發(fā)生的動作或者將來某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作。將來進(jìn)行時常與一些標(biāo)志性

13、的時間狀語連用。這些常見的標(biāo)志性狀語有：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow，from 130 to 430 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow。 Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? Im sorry，but by then I will be flying to Beijing. How about five？ 二、動詞的語態(tài) 英語中動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。 做有關(guān)被動語態(tài)的

14、題目可以分兩步走：第一步確定正確的時態(tài)，第二步確定正確的語態(tài)。判斷用主動語態(tài)還是用被動語態(tài)的根據(jù)是看主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系：如果是主謂關(guān)系則用主動語態(tài)，如果是動賓關(guān)系則用被動語態(tài)。時間一般時態(tài)進(jìn)行時態(tài)完成時態(tài)現(xiàn)在am/is/are writtenam/is/are being writtenhas/have been written過去was/were writtenwas/were being writtenhad beenwritten將來shall/will be written被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以write為例) 1.get過去分詞表被動 They got married last w

15、eek. He fell and got hurt. 2主動形式表被動意義 (1)系動詞look，feel，sound，smell，taste，seem，appear，go，prove，turn等形容詞/名詞。 The dish tastes delicious. His plan proved (to be) practical. (2)表示主語的某種屬性的詞：read，write，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，shut等，其主語往往是物。 What about the books? Books of this kind sell well. The doo

16、r wont open. The pen writes smoothly. (3)be worth后常接動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。 A lot of small towns in the area are definitely worth visiting. (4)need，want，require，deserve等動詞后用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。 Most house plants require regular watering. 學(xué)以致用 .用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1Since the time humankind started gardening，we _(try)to

17、make our environment more beautiful. 2They made up their mind that they _(buy)a new house once Larry changed jobs. 3Tony，why are your eyes red? I _(cut)up peppers for the last five minutes. 4James has just arrived，but I didnt know he _(come)until yesterday. 5Hi，lets go skating. Sorry，Im busy right n

18、ow.I _(fill)in an application form for a new job. 6Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we _(expect) 7Sofia looked around at all the faces：she had the impression that she _(see)most of the guests before. 8I found the lecture hard to follow because it _(start)when I arr

19、ived. 9The twins，who _(finish)their homework，were allowed to play badminton in the playground. 10Whenever you _(buy)a present，you shold think about it from the receivers point of view. 11What time is it? I have no idea.But just a minute，I _(check)it for you. 12I_(come) to visit you later that day，bu

20、t I had to phone and cancel. 13At no time_(do) they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them. 14We are confident that the environment_(improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 15I didnt think Id like the movie，but actually it_(be) pretty good. 16Jim_(watch) a lat

21、enight film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，the television went blank. 17Bob called to tell his mother that he couldnt enter the house，for he_(leave) his key at school. 18The school board is made up of parents who_(elect) to make decisions about school affairs. 19Hurry up，kids！

22、The school bus_(wait) for us! 20We_(leave) very early so we packed the night before. 21If we_(not act) now to protect the environment，well live to regret it. 22When I first met Bryan I didnt like him，but I_(change) my mind. 23During the last three decades，the number of people participating in physic

23、al fitness programs_(increase) sharply. 24I felt very tired when I got home，and I_(go) straight to bed. 25A Midsummer Nights Dream_(open) at the Theatre Royal on 19th June，and then tours throughout Scotland. 答案1.have been trying2.would buy3.have been cutting4.was coming5.am filling6.had expected7.ha

24、d seen8.had started9.had finished10.buy11.will check12.was coming13.did14.will be improved15.was16.was watching17.had left18.have been elected19.is waiting20.were leaving21.dont act22.have changed23.has increased24.went25.opens .語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列短文)A It was getting dark when I 1._(get) home.It was

25、 cold and I 2._(wear) a coat.I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out the key，but I couldnt find it.I suddenly remembered that I 3._(leave) it on my desk in the office.It really didnt make any difference.I knew my wife 4._(be) at home and the children must have come back fr

26、om school by now，so I 5._(knock) at the door.There was no answer.I 6._(continue) knocking at the door for some time.I 7._(get) angry.Then I remembered something the office boy 8._(tell) me at noon.He said that my wife 9._(phone) saying that she 10._(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children.It

27、 seemed that nothing 11._(can do) and I 12._(shut) out of my house. 答案1.got2.was wearing3.had left4.was 5knocked6.continued7.was getting8.had told 9had phoned10.would go11.could be done12.would be shut B Welcome to our school.Id like to introduce plans for our school to you. A lot of work 1._(do) in

28、 the past few years. The library 2._(complete) and is ready for use.But well still have to do more work.A new biology lab 3._(build) this year.But we dont have enough money for the equipment. Students in all grades 4._(collect) money.The money which is collected 5._(spend) on new equipment.At presen

29、t，a plan 6._(make) for a party at the end of the term，at which wonderful performances 7._(put) on. The gardens of the school 8._(improve) this year.New trees 9._(plant) which will soon give shade in summer.The whole school 10._(paint) during the summer holidays.In fact，our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 答案1.has been done2.has been completed3.is being built4.are collecting5.will be spent6.is being made 7will be put8.are being improved9.are being planted 10is going to be painted