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1、Unit 1 1. What do you know about Dr. John Snows being well-known in London?He attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.Questions3. Did people know how to cure the disease? 2. From what disease did Londoners suffer in his age?They exposed themselves to cholera.No, they didnt. People ab

2、sorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.4. What was the second theory explaining how the disease killed people?5. How serious was the disease outbreak in London?The cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.Many of the deaths were near the water pump

3、 in Broad Street.6. Where were many of the deaths in Broad Street?7. Why did some houses have no deaths?These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They were given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the Broad street pump.It seemed the water was to blame.8. What did Dr. Snow th

4、ink was responsible for the disease?He told the people to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.9. What did Dr. Snow advised the people in Broad Street do?10. What else did Dr. Snow find in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak? In addition, he

5、found 2 other deaths.11. What conclusion did Dr. Snow tell the public? He announced that polluted water carried the disease.12. What did Dr. Snow tell the water companies? They were instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore.練習(xí)題練習(xí)題 attend【匹配匹配】 閱讀下列句子，并在其后的括閱讀下列句子，并在其后的括號(hào)中填出號(hào)中填出attend

6、的含義。的含義。a. 出席，參加出席，參加 b. 照顧，護(hù)理照顧，護(hù)理 c. 經(jīng)常去，定期去經(jīng)常去，定期去1. Mary invited about 30 people to her party, but only 12 attended it. ( )2. All the six members of my family attend church every Sunday. ( )ac 3. The nurse attended the patients with great care. ( )4. If you go out, who will attend to the baby? (

7、 )【點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥】attend常作及物動(dòng)詞（句常作及物動(dòng)詞（句1至句至句3），也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成），也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成attend to sb. / sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，意為結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“處理；對(duì)付；照料；處理；對(duì)付；照料；關(guān)懷關(guān)懷”（句（句4）。）。bb【拓展拓展】attend, join, take part in都可意都可意為為“參加參加”，區(qū)別如下：，區(qū)別如下： attend后主要接后主要接meeting, conference, school, ceremony等作賓語(yǔ)；等作賓語(yǔ)；join后的賓語(yǔ)后的賓語(yǔ)主要是表示團(tuán)體、組織主要是表示團(tuán)體、組織(如軍隊(duì)、黨派如軍隊(duì)、黨派)、一群人、游戲

8、等的名詞，如一群人、游戲等的名詞，如party, army, club等；等；take part in后的賓語(yǔ)主要是某項(xiàng)后的賓語(yǔ)主要是某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，如活動(dòng)，如discussion, movement, revolution, debate等。等?！拘≡囆≡嚒?將下列句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。將下列句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。1. Many children in the poor village cant attend school although they have reached the school age.2. Daniel is sick now and he needs someone to attend

9、 to him.丹尼爾現(xiàn)在生病了，需要有人照顧他。丹尼爾現(xiàn)在生病了，需要有人照顧他。那個(gè)窮村子的許多孩子雖然到了上學(xué)那個(gè)窮村子的許多孩子雖然到了上學(xué)的年齡但卻上不了學(xué)。的年齡但卻上不了學(xué)。 e.g. 1. The wolf opened its mouth to _ a row of sharp teeth.2. Dont _ your skin to the sun; your skin will be hurt.exposeexposeexpose e.g. The police began to look into the case, but the eyewitness was afr

10、aid to _ the murderer. Meaning?“to make known; to tell the truth”expose揭發(fā)揭發(fā)* When you have a pain in your shoulders, you will go to see a doctor. The doctor will _ you. He will _ the pain in your shoulders. Aspirin is said to be a wonderful _ for the pain.curecurecurecurev. 治愈治愈n. 療療法法* Although the

11、 boy was beyond _, his parents tried to _ him of bad habits.* The prices are going up every day, but there is no _ for rising prices.curecurecure不可救藥不可救藥n. 對(duì)策對(duì)策e.g. Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聰明孩子容易吸收知識(shí)。聰明孩子容易吸收知識(shí)。 Aspirin is quickly absorbed by /into the body. 阿司匹林很快被身體吸收了。阿司匹林很快被身體吸收

12、了。 The strong states often absorbed the small states in the past. 過去大國(guó)兼并小國(guó)。過去大國(guó)兼并小國(guó)。 absorb 吸收吸收; 吸引吸引; 使專心使專心; 合并合并; 吞并吞并He is absorbed in his business. 他專心致志的處理業(yè)務(wù)。他專心致志的處理業(yè)務(wù)。be absorbed in = concentrate on 表示表示“專心于某事專心于某事”e.g. He is absorbed in the research of Chinese history recently.absorb ones

13、attentione.g. Chinese history absorbs his attention recently.be absorbed by被被吞并；為吞并；為所吸收所吸收 absorb into吞并；吸吞并；吸到到 absorb ones time占用某人的時(shí)間占用某人的時(shí)間 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 嚴(yán)重急性呼吸道癥候群嚴(yán)重急性呼吸道癥候群 Do you know the full name of SARS?severesevere用作形容詞，當(dāng)它的意思為用作形容詞，當(dāng)它的意思為“嚴(yán)嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)肅的重的；嚴(yán)肅的”時(shí)，和時(shí)，和serious相

14、近；當(dāng)相近；當(dāng)它的意思為它的意思為“嚴(yán)厲的；嚴(yán)格的嚴(yán)厲的；嚴(yán)格的”時(shí)，與時(shí)，與strict 相近，常用結(jié)構(gòu)相近，常用結(jié)構(gòu)be severe on (upon) / with sb. 表示表示“對(duì)某人嚴(yán)厲或?qū)δ橙藝?yán)厲或嚴(yán)格嚴(yán)格”；此外它還有；此外它還有“劇烈的；尖銳的；劇烈的；尖銳的；樸素的樸素的”的意思。的意思。 e.g. The drought is becoming increasingly severe. 旱災(zāi)日趨嚴(yán)重。旱災(zāi)日趨嚴(yán)重。 He is severe with his children. 和對(duì)子女很嚴(yán)格。和對(duì)子女很嚴(yán)格。 You are too severe on (upon)

15、 the boy. 你對(duì)那個(gè)男孩太嚴(yán)厲了。你對(duì)那個(gè)男孩太嚴(yán)厲了。 I felt a severe pain in the chest. 我感到胸口劇烈疼痛。我感到胸口劇烈疼痛。表示表示“傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)重傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)重”要用要用severe, 不用不用serious; 但指但指“疾病嚴(yán)重疾病嚴(yán)重”時(shí)時(shí), 兩者都可與兩者都可與illness連連接。接。e.g. She received severe head injuries in the accident. 在事故中她的頭部受了重傷。在事故中她的頭部受了重傷。 I was laid up for six weeks with a severe /seriou

16、s illness. 由于重病，我臥床六個(gè)星期。由于重病，我臥床六個(gè)星期。此句不可用此句不可用serious。泵泵 (油泵油泵; 氣泵氣泵), 抽水機(jī)抽水機(jī), 打氣筒打氣筒pump If have a flat tyre, you will pump air into the tyre. (You will pump up your tyre.) When my car was short of gas, I went to the gas station, where the guy pumped gas.pumpv. 打氣打氣v. 打氣打氣We had a debate yesterday

17、. The lively debate really pumped us up.His heart was pumping fast.During the drought last year, the villagers had pumped the well dry, but got no more water.v. 給給打氣打氣v. 心跳心跳v. 用唧筒抽用唧筒抽(水等水等); 用唧筒抽吸用唧筒抽吸.中的水中的水等等 酒館酒館 bar旅館旅館;小店小店pub, public house blame【觀察觀察】 仔細(xì)觀察下列句子并體會(huì)仔細(xì)觀察下列句子并體會(huì)blame在句中的詞性、含義及用法。

18、在句中的詞性、含義及用法。1. Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.2. Its no use blaming our defeat on the player.3. Its you who are to blame for the accident.4. You must take the blame for the mistakes in the report.5. The boss always puts the blame for the failure on

19、us.【點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥】blame作動(dòng)詞，意為作動(dòng)詞，意為“責(zé)備；譴責(zé)備；譴責(zé)責(zé)”，可構(gòu)成：，可構(gòu)成：blame sb. / sth. for sth. 因某事而指責(zé)某人因某事而指責(zé)某人/某事（句某事（句1）；）；_ 把某事歸咎于某人把某事歸咎于某人/某事某事（句（句2）；）；_ 對(duì)某事負(fù)對(duì)某事負(fù)有責(zé)任（主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）（句有責(zé)任（主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）（句3）；）；blame作名詞，意為作名詞，意為“過失；責(zé)備過失；責(zé)備”，可，可構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：take the blame承擔(dān)責(zé)任（句承擔(dān)責(zé)任（句4）；）；put the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事歸咎把某事歸咎于某人。于某人。 blame

20、sth. on sb. / sth.be to blame for sth.【小試小試】 將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1. 那次事故怪不著孩子們。那次事故怪不著孩子們。2. 警察把那起交通事故歸咎于警察把那起交通事故歸咎于Jack的粗心的粗心 駕駛。駕駛。The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving. The children were not to blame for the accident. handle A. 操作操作; 運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 B. 經(jīng)銷經(jīng)銷; 買賣買賣 C. 管理管理 D. 對(duì)待對(duì)

21、待 E. 應(yīng)付應(yīng)付 F. 控制控制; 管管handle v.Choose the Chinese explanations in the box.1. Ms Hawkins, the chief accountant of the company handles the companys accounts.C. 管理管理2. The children are so naughty that I cant handle them.3. She handled a difficult argument skillfully.F. 控制控制; 管管E. 應(yīng)付應(yīng)付 4. Handle children

22、 kindly, if you want them to trust you.5. This shop handles paper and stationery.6. He learnt how to handle the axe.D. 對(duì)待對(duì)待B. 經(jīng)銷；買賣經(jīng)銷；買賣A. 操作；運(yùn)用操作；運(yùn)用in additionalsoas well asbesidesused when adding another fact to what has already been mentionede.g. In addition to apples you asked for, I bought you

23、some oranges.in addition2. The two towns are linked by a railway. v. 連接連接 1. A lot of links fitted togetherform a chain. n.(鏈狀物的鏈狀物的)環(huán)環(huán), 節(jié)節(jié) 3. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.link4. 研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了吸煙和心臟病之間的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了吸煙和心臟病之間的關(guān)系。關(guān)系。 Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart

24、disease.1. The captain announced that the plane was going to land.2. The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain.3. The army announced a cease-fire. announce4. It has been announced that Mr. A and Miss B will be married next week. Meaning? * to make known publicly; t

25、o give information using a loudspeaker, esp. at an airport or railway station5. The announcer announces three programs a week. * to introduce a program on TV or radio* train approach announcement* He waited for the announcement of the result of the competition.* make an announcementannouncementinstr

26、uctinstruct 意思為意思為“命令；指示；囑咐；吩命令；指示；囑咐；吩咐；教導(dǎo)（教授知識(shí)或技術(shù)）；訓(xùn)練咐；教導(dǎo)（教授知識(shí)或技術(shù)）；訓(xùn)練”。其名詞形式為其名詞形式為instructor（教員；教練）（教員；教練）和和instruction（命令；指示；說明）。（命令；指示；說明）。 e.g. The teacher instructed him to start early. 老師命令他早動(dòng)身。老師命令他早動(dòng)身。Ive been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.我得到指示在這兒等到講課老師到來。我得到指示在這兒等到講課

27、老師到來。He instructs a class in history. 他教授一個(gè)班的歷史。他教授一個(gè)班的歷史。Read the instructions on the pocket. 看一下袋子上的說明?？匆幌麓由系恼f明。instruct ininstruct 指向一個(gè)人或一組人傳授知識(shí)指向一個(gè)人或一組人傳授知識(shí), 但并不清楚他們是否學(xué)到什么。但并不清楚他們是否學(xué)到什么。teach 是最普通的詞是最普通的詞, 可指或不指學(xué)術(shù)可指或不指學(xué)術(shù)方面的學(xué)習(xí)方面的學(xué)習(xí); 作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí), 表示教書表示教書生涯。生涯。tutor 指一學(xué)生與一老師的關(guān)系指一學(xué)生與一老師的關(guān)系, 常指課

28、常指課外的一個(gè)教師對(duì)一個(gè)學(xué)生的補(bǔ)習(xí)工作。外的一個(gè)教師對(duì)一個(gè)學(xué)生的補(bǔ)習(xí)工作。educate指范圍更廣泛的學(xué)術(shù)過程指范圍更廣泛的學(xué)術(shù)過程, 完成比完成比teach更大的結(jié)果。更大的結(jié)果。train指使一個(gè)人或一組人在某一專指使一個(gè)人或一組人在某一專門的技能或職業(yè)方面達(dá)到必要的水門的技能或職業(yè)方面達(dá)到必要的水平平, 也可指訓(xùn)練動(dòng)物。也可指訓(xùn)練動(dòng)物。coach 指在普通的教育體系之外訓(xùn)指在普通的教育體系之外訓(xùn)練或培養(yǎng)一個(gè)人或一組人練或培養(yǎng)一個(gè)人或一組人, 常為了通常為了通過某項(xiàng)專門的考試。過某項(xiàng)專門的考試。e.g. I taught history for many years. 我教歷史好多年了。我

29、教歷史好多年了。 Who taught you to ride a bicycle? 誰(shuí)教你騎自行車的？誰(shuí)教你騎自行車的？ He instructed us in English, but some of them made little progress. 他教我們英語(yǔ)，但我們有些人幾乎他教我們英語(yǔ)，但我們有些人幾乎 沒有進(jìn)步。沒有進(jìn)步。是指學(xué)術(shù)的是指學(xué)術(shù)的不是指學(xué)術(shù)的不是指學(xué)術(shù)的In his spare time, he tutored me in English. 在課余時(shí)間，他教我英語(yǔ)。在課余時(shí)間，他教我英語(yǔ)。The writer was educated at a very good

30、 school. 這位作家在一所很好的學(xué)校里受過教育。這位作家在一所很好的學(xué)校里受過教育。It takes several years to train a doctor. 培養(yǎng)一名醫(yī)生要花好幾年時(shí)間。培養(yǎng)一名醫(yī)生要花好幾年時(shí)間。He coached her for the English examination. 他輔導(dǎo)她英語(yǔ)考試。他輔導(dǎo)她英語(yǔ)考試。根據(jù)提示將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。根據(jù)提示將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1. 如果有人該承擔(dān)責(zé)任如果有人該承擔(dān)責(zé)任, 那就是我。那就是我。(blame)2. 不要把皮膚直接暴露在陽(yáng)光下。不要把皮膚直接暴露在陽(yáng)光下。(expose . to)If anyone

31、s to blame, its me.Dont expose your skin to sunlight directly.3. 黑色墻壁在白天吸收大量的熱。黑色墻壁在白天吸收大量的熱。(absorb)4. 此外此外, 你還可以利用業(yè)余時(shí)間學(xué)一門外語(yǔ)。你還可以利用業(yè)余時(shí)間學(xué)一門外語(yǔ)。 (in addition)Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.In addition, you can learn a foreign language in your spare time.5. 這條絲綢之路在古代把中國(guó)和西方這條絲綢之路在古代把中國(guó)和

32、西方連接起來。連接起來。 (link . to)6. 這種疾病就是通過咳嗽傳播的。這種疾病就是通過咳嗽傳播的。 (spread . through)The Silk Road linked China to the west in ancient times.The disease is spread through coughing.7. 他看到他父親時(shí)很吃驚。他看到他父親時(shí)很吃驚。(過去分詞作過去分詞作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ))8. 我每天早上吃一個(gè)煎雞蛋。我每天早上吃一個(gè)煎雞蛋。(過去分詞過去分詞作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ))He was astonished to see his father.I have a fried egg every morning. 9. 我們決定馬上離開。我們決定馬上離開。(determine to)10. 我無(wú)意暗示你錯(cuò)了。我無(wú)意暗示你錯(cuò)了。(suggest)I dont wish to suggest that youre wrong.We determined to leave at once.