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1、Unit 4Useful phrasesstudent associationlook aroundstep backin defencedash throughon the contrarynod atbe likely toin general學(xué)生會(huì)學(xué)生會(huì)環(huán)顧四周環(huán)顧四周后退后退 防衛(wèi)地；戒備地防衛(wèi)地；戒備地飛快地穿過飛快地穿過正相反正相反 朝朝點(diǎn)頭點(diǎn)頭很可能很可能；有希望；有希望大體上大體上, ,一般來說一般來說, ,通常通常 既不既不也不也不把把介紹給介紹給親吻某人臉頰親吻某人臉頰 做做的方法的方法 站站/ /坐坐/ /住得靠近住得靠近 notnorintroduceto kiss s

2、b. on the cheek the /an approach to doing sth. / the way to do sth.Stand / sit / live close torepresent v.代表，象征；體現(xiàn)，表達(dá)；描繪，代表，象征；體現(xiàn)，表達(dá)；描繪，聲稱聲稱; ; 1).The competition attracted over 500 players representing 8 different countries 2).He represented himself as an expert. 3).Let me try to represent my ideas

3、 to you in another way. 4).The King is represented as a hero in the play._1.Yesterday,representing our universitys student association,【歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)】represent represent 1)vt. 1)vt. 代表；描繪；表現(xiàn)，體現(xiàn)，代表；描繪；表現(xiàn)，體現(xiàn)，象征；聲稱，宣稱；說明象征；聲稱，宣稱；說明 2) represent sth 2) represent sth 代表某物代表某物 3)represent sb as/to be3)represen

4、t sb as/to be宣稱宣稱某人為某人為 4)represent sth to sb 4)represent sth to sb 向某人說向某人說明某事；向某人傳達(dá)某事明某事；向某人傳達(dá)某事 5)represent sth/sb 5)represent sth/sb as sth/sb as sth/sb 把把描繪成描繪成【辨析辨析】stand forstand for只代表某事物或縮略詞。只代表某事物或縮略詞。 eg. eg.字母字母E E代表什么？代表什么？ What does the letter “E” stand for? What does the letter “E” st

5、and for?【鞏固運(yùn)用鞏固運(yùn)用】用用represent的正確形式填空。的正確形式填空。1）The red lines on the map represent railway lines.2）她把自己描繪成世界上最好的母親。）她把自己描繪成世界上最好的母親。 She represents herself as the kindest mother in the world. 3）They represented their concerns to the authorities.（英譯漢）（英譯漢） 他們向當(dāng)局陳述了他們關(guān)心的問題。他們向當(dāng)局陳述了他們關(guān)心的問題。 2. I saw sev

6、eral young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.looking around curiously是動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞-ing用作狀用作狀語，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。語，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。He left off driving a car. He said it angrily, pointing at the notice on the wall. curiouscurious為高考高頻詞匯。為高考高頻詞匯。adjadj. . 好奇的好奇的; ; 奇特奇特的的考查角度主要有兩個(gè)：考查角度主要有兩個(gè)： (1) be curious (

7、1) be curious aboutabout “對(duì)對(duì)感到好奇感到好奇” (2) be curious to do(2) be curious to do “很想做很想做, , 渴望做渴望做”. .be curious about sth. / to do sth.It is curious that不尋常，古怪不尋常，古怪 John is curious about the origin of mankind. I was curious to know what she said just now.I heard a curious sound in the next room.3. T

8、he first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.closely followed 是過去分詞短語，修飾前是過去分詞短語，修飾前面的面的Tony Garcia，相當(dāng)于非限制性定語從句，相當(dāng)于非限制性定語從句who was closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain。Tony Garcia與與follow之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。系。比較下面兩句話：比較下面兩句話：There was a terr

9、ible noise following the sudden burst of light. Then soldiers walked forward, followed by their dogs. 4. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the check!approach v. 接近；靠近接近；靠近; Silently we approached the enemys camp.approach n. 接近；方法；途徑；通道接近；方法；途徑；通道approach to (doing) sth.（做

10、）某事的方法（做）某事的方法 Snow announced the approach of winter. The lions approach drove away the small animals. All approaches to the city were blocked. approach【觀察思考觀察思考】v. 1) National Day is approaching. 2) She approached the bank for a loan. 3) As you approach the town, you will see the college on the lef

11、t.n. 1) All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police. 2) The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.【歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)】1)approach vt./vi. 1)approach vt./vi. 接近，靠近接近，靠近，建議，要，建議，要求求, ,著手處理，開始對(duì)付著手處理，開始對(duì)付 n. n. 接近，接近，方法方法，途，途徑，通道徑，通道2)approach sb./sth.2)approach sb./sth.接近

12、接近/ /靠近某人靠近某人/ /某物某物 3)approach sb. about/for sth. 3)approach sb. about/for sth. 向某人要求向某人要求/ /建議某事建議某事 4)approach sb about doing sth. 4)approach sb about doing sth. 建議某人做某事建議某人做某事 5)the approach to (doing) sth. 5)the approach to (doing) sth. 做做的的方法方法/ /途徑途徑【鞏固運(yùn)用鞏固運(yùn)用】翻譯句子翻譯句子1）隨著冬天的臨近，天氣變得更冷了。）隨著冬天的臨

13、近，天氣變得更冷了。 With the approach of winter the weather got colder.2）學(xué)習(xí)外語的最好途徑是什么？）學(xué)習(xí)外語的最好途徑是什么？ Whats the best approach to learning a foreign language?approach / way / means / method四者皆有四者皆有“方式方式”“”“方法方法”“”“途徑途徑”之意，但之意，但approach側(cè)重指待人接物或思考問題的方式；側(cè)重指待人接物或思考問題的方式； way為一般用語；為一般用語；means指可以得到結(jié)果的方指可以得到結(jié)果的方法；法；m

14、ethod指有規(guī)律的、有條理的做法。指有規(guī)律的、有條理的做法。1）表）表“做做的方法的方法”時(shí)各自的搭配：時(shí)各自的搭配： the approach to (doing) sth. the way to do/of (doing) sth. the means of (doing) sth. the method of (doing) sth.2) 表表“用這種方法用這種方法”時(shí)各自的搭配：時(shí)各自的搭配： with this method in this way by this means At the meeting they discussed three different _ to th

15、e study of maths. A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways5touched her shoulder. touch v. touched adj.感激的，激動(dòng)的，受感動(dòng)的感激的，激動(dòng)的，受感動(dòng)的; touching adj.令人同情的，感人的，動(dòng)人的令人同情的，感人的，動(dòng)人的【觀察思考觀察思考】 1）Dont touch that plate its hot. 2）His story touched us all deeply. 3）Are you still in touch with your friends from colle

16、ge? 4）In his speech he was only able to touch on a few aspects of the problem.【歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)】1) v.觸摸；（使）接觸觸摸；（使）接觸,感動(dòng)感動(dòng) n. 接觸，聯(lián)系接觸，聯(lián)系 2) touch sb./sth. 觸摸觸摸/碰某物碰某物3) touch sb. 感動(dòng)感動(dòng)/觸動(dòng)某人觸動(dòng)某人 4) be in touch with sb. 與某人有聯(lián)系與某人有聯(lián)系5) touch on/upon sth. 談及談及/提及某事提及某事【拓展拓展】 be out of touch with sb 與某人失去聯(lián)系與某人失去聯(lián)

17、系 lose touch with sb 與某人失去聯(lián)系與某人失去聯(lián)系 get in touch with sb 與某人取得聯(lián)系與某人取得聯(lián)系 keep in touch with sb 與某人保持聯(lián)系與某人保持聯(lián)系; be touched by 被被感動(dòng)感動(dòng)【鞏固運(yùn)用鞏固運(yùn)用】我輕輕地碰了碰他的手臂。我輕輕地碰了碰他的手臂。I）I _ _ lightly _ _ _ .2）他的話確實(shí)觸動(dòng)了我的心弦。）他的話確實(shí)觸動(dòng)了我的心弦。_ my heart. 3）自畢業(yè)之后我們一直保持聯(lián)系。（漢譯英）自畢業(yè)之后我們一直保持聯(lián)系。（漢譯英） touched himon the armWhat he sa

18、id really touchedWe have kept in touch with each other since graduation. 6. and kissed her on the cheek! Kiss sb. on the cheek動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞(hit, pull, pat, strike, catch, hold, take) +sb.+介介詞詞(in, on, by)+ the + 身體部位或衣著身體部位或衣著 例：例：1）She touched him on the shoulder. 她碰了碰她碰了碰他的肩。他的肩。 2）He took the girl by the

19、hand. 他拉著小女孩的手。他拉著小女孩的手。 3） He hit her on the nose. 他打了她的鼻子。他打了她的鼻子。 4）The stone struck the man in the eye. 石頭擊中石頭擊中了那人的眼睛。了那人的眼睛。 5）I caught her by the right hand. 我抓住她的右手。我抓住她的右手。比較：比較：她拍了拍那男孩的頭。她拍了拍那男孩的頭。 She patted the boy on his head. （誤，本結(jié)構(gòu)中身體部位或衣著前不用（誤，本結(jié)構(gòu)中身體部位或衣著前不用ones） She patted the boy o

20、n the head. （正）（正）7. She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.appearing surprised在這里用作狀語。在這里用作狀語。The high wall was built as a defence against intruders. CA lot of money is spent on defence. Udefence n. 防御；保衛(wèi)防御；保衛(wèi)defend v. 保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)Chinese people defended against t

21、he Japanese army during World War 2. in defence自衛(wèi)，防御自衛(wèi)，防御 in defence of 保衛(wèi)保衛(wèi)，為，為辯護(hù)辯護(hù)defendagainst / from 保衛(wèi)保衛(wèi)以免受以免受defend oneself自衛(wèi)，為自己辯解自衛(wèi)，為自己辯解 The young man joined the army in defence of his country. Soldiers should defend their country against the enemies.8. major 【觀察思考觀察思考】adj.1) This is a majo

22、r road. 2) Water plays a major role in our life.n. Her major is History.vi. She majored in English at Shandong University.【歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)】1）adj. 主要的，重要的，大的主要的，重要的，大的 play a major role in sth 在某事中起重要作用在某事中起重要作用 2）n. 主修課程，專業(yè)課主修課程，專業(yè)課3）v. 主修主修 major in sth 主修（主修（=specialize in sth ） major on sth 專門研究（課題、文體等）

23、專門研究（課題、文體等）【鞏固運(yùn)用鞏固運(yùn)用】1）這是一家大跨國公司。）這是一家大跨國公司。 This is a major international company. 2）Never mind its not major. 別擔(dān)心別擔(dān)心這不嚴(yán)重。這不嚴(yán)重。 3）他在大學(xué)主修法語。）他在大學(xué)主修法語。 He majored in French when he was at university. 4）The majority _ in favor of banning smoking.A. are B. is C. should being D. A or B 9. As I get to k

24、now more international friends, I learn more about this cultural “body language”.get to do在這暗示一個(gè)較長的過程，含有在這暗示一個(gè)較長的過程，含有“漸漸漸開始漸開始”之意，此時(shí)之意，此時(shí)get后接的不定式通常為后接的不定式通常為to know, to like, to hate, to understand, to realize等表示心理感覺的動(dòng)詞。等表示心理感覺的動(dòng)詞。I really wanted to get to know America. After a time you get to rea

25、lize that these things dont matter. 10. They both apologized- another apologize v. apology n. apologize to sb. for sth. / doing sth./ having done sth. make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth. accept / refuse an apology11. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the

26、 same way with touching or distance between people. nor / neither 否定副詞否定副詞, 常置于句首常置于句首, 此時(shí)句子要此時(shí)句子要倒裝倒裝, 即助動(dòng)詞即助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語之前情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語之前.nor = and also not / neither I dont like her, nor/neither does Lily. I am not a nurse, nor/ neither is Lily. with touching 方式狀語方式狀語 = while they are touchingor

27、 beingShe cant dance, _ he. I dont want to go, _ I.我也我也不會(huì)去。不會(huì)去。I dont know about it, _ I care.If you dont go, _ I.我也不會(huì)我也不會(huì)去。去。nor cannor willnor donor willNot all“并非全部并非全部”，表部分否定。，表部分否定。all, every, everybody, everything, both, always等與否定詞等與否定詞 not 連用時(shí)，不管連用時(shí)，不管not 放前放前還是放后，均表示部分否定，而非全部否定還是放后，均表示部分否定，

28、而非全部否定 。如：如：Not all= allnot“不是全部都不是全部都”，用，用于三者以上。于三者以上。 All the girls dont like dancing. =Not all the girls like dancing. 不是所有的女孩都喜歡跳舞。不是所有的女孩都喜歡跳舞。Not both= bothnot “不是兩個(gè)都不是兩個(gè)都”1）I dont know all of them. 2）I dont like both of the books. 3）Not every student goes to the farm on Sundays. 4）Not everyon

29、e in our class likes football. 在我們班并非每個(gè)人都喜歡足球。在我們班并非每個(gè)人都喜歡足球。并非每個(gè)學(xué)生星期天都去農(nóng)場(chǎng)。并非每個(gè)學(xué)生星期天都去農(nóng)場(chǎng)。這兩本書我并不都喜歡。這兩本書我并不都喜歡。我并不全認(rèn)識(shí)他們。我并不全認(rèn)識(shí)他們。若要表示全部否定，則應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的表示全部否定的否若要表示全部否定，則應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的表示全部否定的否定詞。如：定詞。如： all （一個(gè)人也沒有、沒有任何（一個(gè)人也沒有、沒有任何東西），東西）， both （兩個(gè)都不），（兩個(gè)都不）， every ， everyone ， everything 等。等。上述四個(gè)例句要表示全部否定應(yīng)分別為：上述四個(gè)例

30、句要表示全部否定應(yīng)分別為： 1)他們我都不認(rèn)識(shí)。他們我都不認(rèn)識(shí)。 2)這兩本書我都不喜歡。這兩本書我都不喜歡。 3)星期天沒有學(xué)生去農(nóng)場(chǎng)。星期天沒有學(xué)生去農(nóng)場(chǎng)。 4)我們班沒有人喜歡足球。我們班沒有人喜歡足球。 I know none of them.I like neither of the two books.No student goes to the farm on Sundays.No one/ Nobody in our class likes football.none neither nono one（nobody）nothing12. .they also express t

31、heir feelings using unspoken languageexpress v; expression n. 為高考高頻詞匯為高考高頻詞匯,考查角度主要有以下幾點(diǎn)：考查角度主要有以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的多義考查及搭配考查，如作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的多義考查及搭配考查，如express oneself“表達(dá)自己的思想感情表達(dá)自己的思想感情”； express feelings表達(dá)情感表達(dá)情感;express sympathy/ fear/ anger/interestthanksgratitude表示同情表示同情恐懼生氣興趣感謝感激等?？謶稚鷼馀d趣感謝感激等。(2)考查作形容詞的用法，如考查作

32、形容詞的用法，如express train特快列特快列車。車。(3)考查其名詞考查其名詞expression表示表示“表情及神情表情及神情”的用法，如的用法，如2006湖北，湖北，23。13. and more likely to touch them.likely 常用于如下結(jié)構(gòu)：常用于如下結(jié)構(gòu)： sb./sth. is likely to do sth; 很可能很可能;有希望有希望 Its likely that-clause.注意注意:likely 的主語可以是人也可以是物的主語可以是人也可以是物, 但不說但不說: Its likely to do sth. Its possible,

33、though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. Hes very likely to be late for class. It isnt likely to rain.（it表天氣，并非形式主表天氣，并非形式主語。）語。）possible, probable, likelypossible, probable, likely1) possible 常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu): Its possible (for sb.) to do sth; Its possible + that-clause. 注意注意: possible 的主語不能是

34、人的主語不能是人2) probable語氣比語氣比possible重，是重，是most likely 之意。之意。常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)：常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)： Its probable + that 從句從句注意注意: probable 的主語不能是人的主語不能是人, 英語中不英語中不說說: Its probable to do sth.3) likely 常用于如下結(jié)構(gòu)：常用于如下結(jié)構(gòu)： sb./sth. is likely to do sth; 很可能很可能;有希望有希望 Its likely that-clause. 注意注意:likely 的主語可以是人也可以是物的主語可以是人也可以是物, 但不說

35、但不說: Its likely to do sth. Its possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow. Hes very likely to be late for class. It isnt likely to rain.（it表天氣，并非形式主表天氣，并非形式主語。）語。）可能性由弱至強(qiáng)可能性由弱至強(qiáng):possible likely probable1）Look, dark clouds are gathering. It is _ to rain soon. A. probable B. possible C.

36、 likely D. perhaps2）I think he is _ to win, but Im not sure. A. possible B. likely C. probable D. certain3）I advise you to learn a second language. Me? _! Im too slow. A. Not likely B. No problem C. As possible D. Surely1. I think it quite _ for us to reach the railway station before the train leave

37、s. 2. Who is _ to go traveling with us? 3. What do you think is the most _ result?4. He began to realize his dream would not _ come true.5. It is _ for him to lend us the car. 6. He is _to come.7. Its _, not only _. Complete the sentences with likely, possible or probable.possiblelikelylikelyprobabl

38、epossiblepossiblelikelylikely14. They are simply the ways in which cultures have developed.譯：譯：他們僅僅是文化發(fā)展的方式。他們僅僅是文化發(fā)展的方式。 【觀察思考觀察思考】1）Mary smiles the same way which her mother did when she was her age.2）Im not happy with this way of working.3）She was pleased with the way (in which) he apologized to

39、her.【歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)】1）the way(s)之后的定語有三種形式：之后的定語有三種形式： the way(s) to do sth; the way(s) of doing sth; the way(s)+定語從句。定語從句。2）the way(s)之后的定語從句有兩種情況：之后的定語從句有兩種情況：當(dāng)當(dāng)way后面的從句中缺少主語、賓語或表后面的從句中缺少主語、賓語或表 語時(shí)，要用關(guān)系代詞語時(shí)，要用關(guān)系代詞that或或which,關(guān)系代詞作關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略。賓語時(shí)可以省略。當(dāng)當(dāng)way后面的從句中缺少后面的從句中缺少狀語時(shí)，則用狀語時(shí)，則用that或或in which引導(dǎo)定語從句

40、，或者可以省略。引導(dǎo)定語從句，或者可以省略。翻譯：翻譯：1）我不喜歡他看我的方式。他好像看不起我。）我不喜歡他看我的方式。他好像看不起我。 I didnt like the way (in which) he eyed me. He seemed to look down upon me. 2）這就是他們的生活方式。）這就是他們的生活方式。 This is the way in which/that/不填不填they live. 3）首先我們用和平的方式來破壞法律。）首先我們用和平的方式來破壞法律。 We first broke the law in a way which was peace

41、ful. This is the way (that ) they used to solve the problem.5）Few of us think that is an effective _ to deal with this problem. A. way B. means C. method D. approach6）The way you thought _ the problem is very ingenious. A. to solve B. of solving C. of of solving D. of to solving15. general 1). adj.

42、一般的，普遍的，全面的一般的，普遍的，全面的 A matter of concern/ interest 普遍（公眾）關(guān)心普遍（公眾）關(guān)心/感興趣的事情感興趣的事情 Air-conditioner is in general use now.2).總的，整體的總的，整體的 general idea of the passage 3) n.將軍將軍 generally speakingfrankly speakinghonestly speakingIn general 大體上大體上, 通常通常, 總的來講總的來講 In general, he is a good guy.16. avoid v

43、t. 避開，避免避開，避免 avoid (doing ) sth /being done I think she is avoiding me. I avoid meeting him.17. reach ones hand out to sb. 某人向某人伸手某人向某人伸手18. on the contrary正相反正相反19. close adj. 親密的，緊密的，嚴(yán)密的；勢(shì)均力敵的親密的，緊密的，嚴(yán)密的；勢(shì)均力敵的adv.靠近，接近地靠近，接近地v.(使使)關(guān)關(guān), 關(guān)閉關(guān)閉,終止終止 n.終結(jié)終結(jié), 結(jié)束結(jié)束, 末尾末尾 a close game /watch/ friend close

44、 the door1. With the a_ of the New Year, people are all busy buying presents for their family and friends. 2. He stood silently, tears rolling down his c_. 3. He is a c_ boy who is always asking questions.4. The letters USA _ (代表代表) the United States of America.approach / approaching cheekscuriousre

45、present 一、根據(jù)句義和提示寫出正確的單詞。一、根據(jù)句義和提示寫出正確的單詞。5. We are working in _ (聯(lián)合聯(lián)合) with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.6. His remarks showed that he _ (誤解誤解) my position on the question.7. I woke up and was _ (greet) by bird song.8. They built a robot capable of understanding _ (sp

46、eak) commands. association misunderstood greetedspoken likely, dash, flight, greet, in general 1. He _ me in the street with a friendly wave of the hand. 2. An ambulance _ to the scene of the accident within ten minutes. 3. _, its easier for boy graduates to get a job in a big company than girl grad

47、uates. 4. Its very _ that my mother will ring me tonight. 5. Ill book you on a direct _ to London. greeted dashedIn generalflight likely 二、選用合適的單詞填空。二、選用合適的單詞填空。1. Its dangerous _ (站得近站得近) the fire. 2. Tobacco _ (引入引入) Europe in the sixteenth century. 3. I dont know her, _ (我也不我也不知道知道) who she is. 4. _ (在上海住了這么多年在上海住了這么多年), he knows the place very well. 5. 今年秋天約翰可能在倫敦。今年秋天約翰可能在倫敦。 _. to stand close to was introduced intonor do I knowHaving lived in Shanghai for many years John is likely to be in London this autumn