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1、目 錄 ContentsA.題型全突破B.考情全揭秘考點5考點6考點7考點8考點1考點2考點3考點4題型全突破繼續(xù)學習 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題題型全突破1A. 題型概述詞義猜測是英語閱讀的重要技巧,詞義猜測題也是高考中?？嫉念}型?？忌獙W會順藤摸瓜,通過構詞、定義、對比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索(各種已知信息)確定詞義。要求猜測詞義的詞一般為實詞(動詞、名詞、形容詞等)。另外,這類題也包括對短語和句意的猜測。 考試中經(jīng)?？疾榈脑~匯有以下幾種:1.在特殊語言環(huán)境中具有特殊意義的常用詞。2.專業(yè)化程度較高的詞。3.生僻詞。4.常用代詞。此類題旨在考查考生在特定語境中理解詞(短語、句子)的

2、能力以及通過上下文或構詞法猜測超綱詞匯或表達方式的意義的能力。因此,考生所掌握的詞匯量的大小直接影響到這類題的得分率。 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破2B. 常見設問形式1.The underlined phrase in the second paragraph could be replaced by . 2.The underlined word in the first paragraph probably means. 3.What is the meaning of the underlined word in the second paragraph?4.Wh

3、ich of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word ? 5.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 refer to? 6.What do you think the expression stands for? 7.Which of the following words can best take the place of the underlined word in Paragraph 3? 8.According to the passage, the un

4、derlined word is known as . 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破3C. 選項特點1.正確選項的特點(1)相應詞語的同義詞語。(2)對相應語句的解釋、復述或概括。2.干擾項的特點(1)對原相應表達方式的不正確改寫。(2)故意丟三落四。(3)半對半錯。(4)曲解原意。這些干擾項有時會使用較多原句中的表達方式,給人似是而非的誤導,考生要多加注意。 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破4方法1根據(jù)上下文語境進行猜測猜測任何詞義都離不開上下文,所以可借助上下文對需要猜測的詞、短語或句子進行合乎邏輯的推測。 典例12015新課標全國,C Salvad

5、or Dali (19041989)was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on e

6、xhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.考點一 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測

7、題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破5 The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain. The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(無限), From the inf

8、inity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras, explains the Pompidou Centre. The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(

9、合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg, Florida.返回目錄 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題題型全突破631.What does the word contributions in the last paragraph refer to? A.Artworks. B.Projects. C.Donations. D.Docume

10、nts.解析根據(jù)最后一段可知,多家博物館通力合作,共同精選展出作品。文中提到像西班牙馬德里的博物館和圣彼德斯堡的博物館這樣的機構也提供薩爾瓦多達利的作品參加展覽。由此推測,contributions指作品,故選A。答案A 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破7方法2根據(jù)上下文的指代關系進行猜測英語文章中的代詞one, it, that, them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有時代詞與指代的對象相隔較遠,要認真查找;有時需要對前面提到的內容進行總結,才能得出代詞所指代的事物。 典例22014安徽,E You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for

11、 the past 27 years, this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty(貧困)and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising changemakers seeking to solve(解決)urgent problems and would like t

12、o create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.考點二 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破8 Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are

13、 willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact, it is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, whic

14、h handled the rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there. 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破9 When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas streets, attracting rats and disease, they discovered t

15、hat 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in th

16、e soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.考點二 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破10Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious, practical progre

17、ss in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.73.The underlined word them in Paragraph 3 probably refers to . A.the local farmersB.Masqsood and IftekharC.Drayton and his teamD.the poor people in Dhaka返回目錄 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題題型全突破11解析考查代詞指代。在1995年,Masqsood和Iftekh

18、ar教城里的窮人把垃圾制成堆肥,因為他們認為這些化肥會有市場。起初他們遭到了拒絕,但是當他們使這些人信服這樣做有錢可賺時,這一項目得以實施。故畫線的them指代the poor people in the city。故選D。答案D 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破12方法3根據(jù)同義或類比關系進行猜測當詞語被并列連詞and, or, as well as所連接或詞語之間有just as, like, similarly等時,前后的兩項內容在含義上是接近的或相近的,由此可確定同等關系中的某個生詞或短語所表達的意義。 典例31. 2. 3Something else, howeve

19、r, has been on the rise. While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (殺蟲劑). On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. Th

20、e promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production.But neither is true, said Bill Christison, President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.考點三返回目錄 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題題型全突破1358.What does the underlined word boost in the third paragraph probably mean?A.Control. B.Evaluate. C.Obtai

21、n. D.Increase.解析聯(lián)系上下文及boost所在句子的意思可知,其承諾是你能夠使用很少的化學物質并且可以提高產(chǎn)量,本題的關鍵詞為and,因此D項正確。答案D 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破14方法4根據(jù)定義或解釋進行猜測有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需要猜測其意義的詞或短語,下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋,這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。此類由定義或解釋來猜測詞義的方法很多:表示定義關系的常見信息詞有be,mean,represent,be called/named,be considered,be defined as(被定義為),be known as,refer to等;

22、表示同位關系的常見信息詞有that is,that is to say,in other words, namely,or rather(精確地說)等;有些生詞會以破折號、括號、逗號、冒號等暗示讀者,解釋說明前面的詞。 典例41 2Do you know what a territory is? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims(聲稱)as its own.Only he and his family are welcome there.No other families of the same sp

23、ecies(物種)are welcome.Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome.If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you,you might shout.Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.考點四返回目錄 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題題型全突破1557.What is a birds territory?A.A pla

24、ce where families of other species are not accepted.B.A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice.C.An area for which birds fight against each other.D.An area which a bird considers to be its own.解析文章第二段首先提出什么是territory,緊跟著就是對territory的解釋,由定義可推知,這里territory指的是鳥類的地盤。答案D 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學

25、習題型全突破16方法5根據(jù)轉折或對比關系進行猜測在一個句子或段落中,有時會出現(xiàn)對兩種事物或現(xiàn)象進行對比的描述,考生可以利用這種關系猜詞悟義。表示對比關系的詞語主要有however, but, instead, despite, unlike, yet, while, whereas(反之,而,卻), rather than, instead of, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast等。 典例5There was a gardener who looked after his garden with grea

26、t care. To water his flowers, he used two buckets. One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old and dilapidated one, which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best.考點五返回目錄 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題題型全突破1756.What does the underlined word dilapidated probably mean?A.Dirty. B.Dark.C

27、.Worn-out.D.Plain-looking.解析由onethe other結構可知,old and dilapidated對應前面的shiny and new。由此可判斷dilapidated的意思應與shiny and new相反,即worn-out。答案C 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破18方法6根據(jù)舉例進行猜測在一些閱讀材料中,為了闡明某一種重要觀點或者講清楚某一抽象概念,作者往往采取舉例的方式對這一觀點或概念進行具體的說明和解釋,從而使讀者理解得更具體些,而這些例子恰好為猜測詞義提供了重要線索。表示列舉關系的信息詞有l(wèi)ike, for example, fo

28、r instance, such as, include等。 典例6In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting(融化)of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica 考點六返回目錄 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題題型全突破1973.The underlin

29、ed words tipping points most probably refer to. A.freezing points B.burning points C.melting points D.boiling points解析本題要求猜測tipping points的意思, 根據(jù)下文的例子such as the melting(融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica可知,tipping points的意思為融化點,與C項同義。答案C 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破20方法7根據(jù)因果關系進行猜測在有

30、些文章或段落中,兩種現(xiàn)象或兩個事物之間可能會構成因果關系,我們可以利用這種關系來猜測詞義。典例71. 2Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as boats on land for their ability to carry loads. Besides, the whole body of an ox is full of treasures. Their meat and milk are food full of nutrition, and their skin c

31、an be used to make clothes and shoes. With all these qualities, oxen are regarded as generous creatures. .考點七返回目錄 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題題型全突破2160.The words boats on land underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to. A.animals for taking goods B.creatures for pulling plowsC.treasures of the folk culture D.tools in t

32、he farming economy解析畫線部分后的for their ability to carry loads 是對前面的解釋說明,由此可以很輕松地得到結果:牛被看作陸地之舟,是一種運輸貨物的動物。答案A 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破22方法8根據(jù)構詞法進行猜測英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭(前綴)和詞尾(后綴)所組成的。詞根是單詞最基本的部分,表達單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴,可以用來引申或轉變原詞的意義或改變詞性。掌握前綴、后綴規(guī)律有助于理解詞義。如un-,im-,in-,dis-,il-等前綴與-less等后綴可構成反義詞,后綴-ful,-ly,-i

33、sm,-ness等可改變詞性。 典例82017山西重點中學協(xié)作體考試 The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The three-day event is not fixed (固定的)to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December. It is well attended by tourists, but even better attended by locals (當?shù)厝?.考點八 高考幫英語 閱

34、讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習題型全突破23 During the opening ceremonies, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands. Horsemen from different nations display their beaut

35、iful clothes and their fine horsemanship. One following another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture. Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns (喇叭)and beat drums (鼓)as they dance in different designs. On their kn

36、ees in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair: their long, dark, shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance. The local and visiting Italian dogs are anxious to run after hares. The crowd is on its feet for the camel races. Camels and r

37、iders run far into the distance, and then return to the finish line in front of the cheering people.返回目錄 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題題型全突破24 Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely exciting horse race. All the riders run very fast on the horseback. Some riders hang off

38、 the side of their saddles (馬鞍).Some even ride upside down their legs and feet straight up in the air all at full speed. Others rush down the course together, men arm in arm, on different horses. On and on they go. So fast and so wonderful!27.The underlined word finale in the fourth paragraph most p

39、robably means the of the opening day. A.first partB.middleC.last partD.whole解析由語境Towards the evening以及final,finale,finally之間的聯(lián)系可知該詞在此處的意思是開幕式中的最后一項,故答案為C。答案C考情全揭秘 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習考情全揭秘1詞義猜測題包括單詞猜測題、短語意思猜測題、代詞指代題和句意理解題。而高考中考查最多的是單詞猜測題,但在近兩年的高考中加大了對短語意思猜測題的考查力度。Passage 12016乙卷(全國),C體裁:記敘文話題:干細胞運送志

40、愿者的經(jīng)歷詞數(shù):248難度:建議時間:5分鐘I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干細胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harv

41、ested from a donor(捐獻者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time. 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習考情全揭秘2I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was mean

42、t to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:“Well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for you there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cell

43、s that are urgently needed for a patient please, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom. She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. 高考幫英語 閱

44、讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習考情全揭秘3For this courier job, youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life. 試題分析第一段介紹了自己的工作特點,29題可以根據(jù)上文講到的方法1(根據(jù)上下文語境進行猜測)來做題;第二段圍繞I am always conscious of time我總是有時間意識來展開介紹了作者在一次運送造血干細胞途中的一段經(jīng)歷;第三段總結概括,再次說明這項工作的特殊含義以及重要性。 高考

45、幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習考情全揭秘4 難句突破句式分析:For this courier job是介詞短語,在句中作狀語;that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life是賓語從句,in that box是賓語從句中的地點狀語,youve got something是賓語從句中的主謂賓;that is potentially going to save somebodys life是定語從句,修飾前面的something。句意:對于這份傳遞員的工作而言,你會自覺

46、地意識到你手中的那個箱子裝著可能挽救某人生命的東西。 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習考情全揭秘529.Which of the following can replace the underlined word courier in Paragraph 1?A.providerB.delivery manC.collectorD.medical doctor30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor

47、 can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much time.D.The ice wont last any longer.31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To London.B.To Newark.C.To Providence.D.To Washington.【答案與解析】本文介紹了一個名叫Peter Hodes的人從事的有關干細胞傳遞的志愿者工作,并主要講述了他的一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。在傳遞干細胞的過程中,他深刻地意識到時間就是生命。 高考幫英語 閱讀理解

48、 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習考情全揭秘629.B考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干細胞) in my little box可知,作者是干細胞傳遞員,故選B。30.D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干細胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long

49、they last可知,冰維持的最長時間是42小時,故選D。31.B考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled可知,這位女士安排作者乘坐一架小型飛機改道經(jīng)紐瓦克回到了英國,故選B。Passage 22015新課標全國,A體裁:記敘文話題:彩電帶來的煩惱詞數(shù):265難度:建議時間:5分鐘 高考

50、幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習考情全揭秘7 My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realiz

51、ed this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or

52、 I would never have gotten to bed. 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習考情全揭秘8Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(靜電) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a sho

53、w, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set. When neither of these methods removed the stati

54、c noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble. 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習考情全揭秘9 難句突破句式分析:這是一個主

55、從復合句。連詞because引導原因狀語從句,同時該從句又包含了一個由that引導的定語從句,修飾先行詞clothes。句意:我能夠在一年多前買下它(電視機)是因為我讓我的親戚們在我生日時給我錢而不是買大量不合身的衣服。 難句突破句式分析:這是一個復合句。句子的主干是The set worked; that引導的是一個結果狀語從句,其中主句中使用了when引導的時間狀語從句,從句中until引導的也是一個時間狀語從句。句意:剛買回家時,電視運轉得非常好,以至于我會直到電視臺結束了當晚節(jié)目的播放后才關機。 22題為短語意思猜測題,此短語考生不熟悉,需要借助語境來猜測其意義。 高考幫英語 閱讀理解

56、 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習考情全揭秘1021.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldnt return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.22.Which of the following can best replace the p

57、hrase signed off in Paragraph 1?A.ended all their programsB.provided fewer channelsC.changed to commercialsD.showed all-night movies23.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?A.By shaking and hitting it.B.By turning it on and off.C.By switching channels.D.By having it repaired. 高考幫英語

58、 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題繼續(xù)學習考情全揭秘1124.How does the author sound when telling the story?A.Curious.B.Anxious.C.Cautious.D.Humorous.【答案與解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者用詼諧、幽默的語氣講述了自己高價購買的一臺電視機給自己帶來的諸多煩惱。 21.C考查細節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第一段中的I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper ad

59、vertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.可知答案。返回目錄 高考幫英語 閱讀理解 詞義猜測題考情全揭秘1222.A考查詞義猜測。結合畫線部分所在的句子The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.可知,此處指作者一開始把它帶回家時,一切如此順利以至于作者一直看到電視臺停止播放節(jié)目。故選A。 23.D考查細節(jié)

60、理解。依據(jù)最后一段的My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now可知,最終作者到維修店才使電視機恢復正常。24.D考查態(tài)度判斷。由文章第一段的My color television has given me nothing but a headache.,第二段中的I actually began to build up my arm muscles (肌肉) shaking my set.,以及最后一段中的but I keep expecting more trouble可知,作者用幽默的語氣描述了這臺電視機給自己帶來的煩惱。