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1、 現(xiàn)在完成時的構成現(xiàn)在完成時的構成主菜單上一頁下一頁have (hashave (has）+ + 過去分詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法上一頁下一頁- Its so dark.- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人剛把燈關了有人剛把燈關了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結果是對現(xiàn)在造成的結果是:現(xiàn)在很黑現(xiàn)在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I am free-I have finished my hom

2、ework. I am free( (我已我已經經完成了家庭作完成了家庭作業(yè)業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結果是很有空對現(xiàn)在造成的結果是很有空)主菜單1. 1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。 上一頁下一頁I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years. ten years.我已經學了我已經學了10多年的英語。多年的英語。(從從10年前開始年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學)She has swum since half an

3、 hour ago.我已經游泳了半個小時我已經游泳了半個小時(半個小時前已經開始游泳半個小時前已經開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游到現(xiàn)在還在游)現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法主菜單2.2.表示表示過去過去已經開始已經開始, , 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)態(tài). .常與常與since + since + 過去的時間點，過去的時間點，for + for + 一段時一段時間，間，so far so far 等時間狀語連用。等時間狀語連用。1. 1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。 2.2.表示表示過去過去已經開始已經開始, ,

4、 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài), ,現(xiàn)在完成時的現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語時間狀語常與常與already, already, never, never, ever, ever, just, just, yet, yet, before, before, up to now, up to now, so far, so far, for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days, these days, since since for a long timefor a long time 連用連用上一頁下一頁主菜單HAVE

5、BEEN 與HAVE GONE 的用法比較 have been to 意思是意思是“到過，去過到過，去過”，表示，表示曾經到過曾經到過某處某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已經去了已經去了某地，某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了?，F(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某處一段時間了呆在某處一段時間了”上一頁下一頁主菜單 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去過南京嗎？她曾去過南京嗎？ You ha

6、ve never been there, have you?You have never been there, have you?你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？ I have been to GuilingI have been to Guiling ,I went there ,I went there last year. last year.我去過桂林，我去年去的。我去過桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經去南京了。她已經去南京了。上一頁下一頁主菜單 與一般過去時的用法比較一一

7、. .現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，過去的事情，; ;而而一般過去時，則只一般過去時，則只講述講述發(fā)生在過去發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關系與現(xiàn)在沒有關系。 上一頁下一頁主菜單eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經買了一本英漢字典。他已經買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。他曾買過一本英漢字典。上一頁下一頁第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達意為：第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達意為：“He He

8、bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” ” 。第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強 調說明。調說明。主菜單二當有一個表示二當有一個表示過去某一特定時間過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在

9、完成時，而用的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時一般過去時: : 上一頁下一頁eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但但since(since(自自以來以來)+)+某一過去時間或敘某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。連用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.主菜單三常與一般過去時連用的典型的三常與一般過去時連用的典型的 表示過去時間的狀語表示過去時

10、間的狀語: :上一頁下一頁yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天), the day before yesterday(), the day before yesterday(前天前天), ),just now(just now(剛才剛才) )， 時間時間+ ago, + ago, last +last +時間時間 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .主菜單動動 詞詞 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean

11、) the room? Yes, we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that alreadyalready. . When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it We _(do) it an hour agoan hour ago. .2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yetyet? Yes.? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it He _ it last weeklast we

12、ek. . 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen下一頁上一頁主菜單4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to P

13、airs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. 6. So farSo far, many countries _(develop) , many countries _(develop) their software programs. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smok

14、ing 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast year. .8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last yearsince last year. .have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given下一頁上一頁主菜單選用選用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We haven

15、t seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has

16、 worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince下一頁上一頁主菜單用用HAVE BEEN TO, HAVE GONE TO, H

17、AVE BEEN IN 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming_ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. ? Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Whe

18、re _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter? I dont know where he Where is Peter? I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.

19、is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一頁上一頁主菜單改改 錯錯1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on bu

20、siness.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一頁上一頁主菜單1. The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3. -

21、 Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was pla

22、nning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning 6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A

23、 is B would C was D were9. She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts 短暫性短暫性動詞與時間段的關系動詞與時間段的關系 短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用不能與時間段連用，這，這些動詞是：些

24、動詞是：等。等。上一頁下一頁為了表述這種意思為了表述這種意思, ,我們常用相應的我們常用相應的來代替短暫性動詞。來代替短暫性動詞。主菜單 become become be be, begin , begin havehave , , borrow borrow keepkeep, buy , buy havehave, , come (go, arrive, get) come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/inbe here/there/in， die die be be deaddead, finish , finish be overbe over, , join join be in be in （be a member of be a member of ） leaveleave be away ( from), be away ( from), 下一頁上一頁主菜單