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1、第第1313講狀語從句講狀語從句 翻譯下列句子，指出句子中的狀語從句1. Great changes have taken place in China in the last few decades.1什么是狀語從句？什么是狀語從句？ 最近幾十年以來，中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。句中無狀語從句。 2. Whoever breaks the law shall be punished. 3. Being ill, she had to remain at home.1 任何違背了法律的人必定受到懲罰。句中無狀語從句。 因?yàn)樯。缓昧粼诩依铩＞渲袩o狀語從句。 4. There is life wh

2、ere there is water.1 有水的地方就有生命。句中where there is water為地點(diǎn)狀語從句。1 狀語從句有兩個(gè)特征：必須在句中作狀語；必須是句子作狀語。因此，在句中作狀語，修飾句子或動(dòng)詞等的從句叫狀語從句。翻譯下列句子，指出畫線部分狀語從句的類別1.Every_time_I_see_action_movies_acted_by_Jackie_Chan,_I would get excited. 2狀語從句有哪些類別？狀語從句有哪些類別？ 每當(dāng)我看成龍演的動(dòng)作片時(shí)，我會(huì)很興奮。Every time I see action movies acted by Jacki

3、e Chan 作時(shí)間狀語。 2. You should have put away the book where_you_took_it. 3 . T h e h i g h e r i n c o m e t a x i s h a r m f u l in_that_it_may_discourage_people_from_trying_to_earn_more. 2 你應(yīng)該把書放回原處。 where you took it作地點(diǎn)狀語。 所得稅高是有害的，它讓人不想去賺更多的錢。 in that it may discourage people from trying to earn m

4、ore作原因狀語。 4. The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so_that_he_could_sign_them. 5. He got up so early that_he_caught_the_first_bus.2 老板要秘書趕快送交那些信件以便他能簽發(fā)。 so that he could sign them作目的狀語。 他起得很早因此他趕上了第一班車。that he caught the first bus作結(jié)果狀語。 6 . Y o u w i l l c e r t a i n l y s u c c

5、 e e d so_long_as_you_keep_on_trying. 7. Much_as_I_respect_him,_I cant agree to his proposal. 2 只要你不斷嘗試，你當(dāng)然會(huì)成功。so long as you keep on trying作條件狀語。 雖然我非常尊敬他，但我不同意他的建議。much as I respect him作讓步狀語。 8. Food is to man what_oil_is_to_industry. 9. The employee behaved as_if_he_were_the_boss. 2 食物之于人正如石油之于工業(yè)

6、。 what oil is to industry作比較狀語。 這個(gè)員工表現(xiàn)得像老板似的。as if he were the boss作方式狀語。2 狀語從句一般分為九大類別： 時(shí)間狀語從句；地點(diǎn)狀語從句；原因狀語從句；目的狀語從句；結(jié)果狀語從句；條件狀語從句；讓步狀語從句；比較狀語從句和方式狀語從句。 翻譯下列句子，指出句中的從屬連詞類別并總結(jié)各類狀語從句1. The teacher is more strict with us than he used to be.3引導(dǎo)狀語從句從屬連詞有哪些？引導(dǎo)狀語從句從屬連詞有哪些？ 老師比以前更加嚴(yán)格要求我們。從屬連詞than表比較。 2. Do

7、as youre told to.3. Whoever does the job, well pay him or her by the job.3 按照吩咐的去做。從屬連詞as表方式。 無論誰干這項(xiàng)工作，我們都發(fā)計(jì)件工資。從屬連詞whoever表讓步。 4. The system wont work unless all of us strictly stick to it.5. The_first_time I came to the city, I became interested in its snacks.3 除非我們都嚴(yán)格遵守這項(xiàng)制度，它才會(huì)生效。 從屬連詞unless表?xiàng)l件。

8、第一次來這個(gè)城市，我就對(duì)它的小吃感興趣。從屬連詞the first time表時(shí)間。 6. The school is situated where there used to be a factory.7. Since there is no time left, lets go on with the topic next time.3 學(xué)校坐落在原來是座工廠的地方。從屬連詞where表地點(diǎn)。 既然沒時(shí)間了，我們下次再繼續(xù)談這個(gè)話題。從屬連詞since表原因。 8. Always be in high spirits so_that you can face all the difficu

9、lties positively. 9. He takes regular mild exercise so_that he is quite healthy.3 總是情緒高昂以便你能積極面對(duì)各種困難。從屬連詞so that表目的。 他經(jīng)常做溫和型運(yùn)動(dòng)，所以很健康。 從屬連詞so that表結(jié)果。3 引導(dǎo)各類狀語從句的從屬連詞分別為： 時(shí)間狀語從句： when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, the minute, the moment, the second, every time，each time, t

10、he first time，the instant, immediately, directly，instantly, no sooner than， hardly when， scarcely when 地點(diǎn)狀語從句：where，wherever, anywhere, everywhere 3 原因狀語從句：because, since, as, now that, seeing that, in that, considering that, given that 目的狀語從句：so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that，in

11、the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that 結(jié)果狀語從句：so that，so that， such that， to the degree that, to the extent that 翻譯下列句子，找出其從屬連詞1. On condition that you return the book on time, you can keep it for 2 weeks.4引導(dǎo)狀語從句從屬連詞形式上有什么特點(diǎn)？引導(dǎo)狀語從句從屬連詞形式上有什么特點(diǎn)？ 假如你按時(shí)歸還這本書，你可以借兩個(gè)星期。句中從屬連詞：on condition t

12、hat。 2. The second I heard the cry for help, I rushed out of room to see what was happening.3. Considering nobody is absent, we are more likely to win the game.4 我一聽到呼救聲，我就沖出房間看個(gè)究竟。句中從屬連詞：the second。 鑒于無人缺席，我們贏得比賽的把握更大。句中從屬連詞：considering that。 4. Its a long time since we last saw each other.5. Take

13、an umbrella with you in case it rains.4 我們好久不見了。句中從屬連詞：since。 帶把雨傘去吧，以防下雨。句中從屬連詞：in case。 6. Provided everything goes well, the project will hopefully come to an end this June.4 假如一切順利，這個(gè)工程可望今年6月竣工。句中從屬連詞：provided。4 狀語從句中從屬連詞在形式上具有如下特點(diǎn)： 在數(shù)量上，可能是一個(gè)單詞，也可能是短語。 從屬連詞本身可以是連詞，也可由其他詞類轉(zhuǎn)化而來。因而，從屬連詞在原始詞性上，可能是連

14、詞，如since；可能是名詞，如the minute, the moment, the second, every time，each time, the first time，the instant；可能是副詞，如immediately，directly，instantly；可能是現(xiàn)在分詞，如supposing (that), 4providing (that)；可能是過去分詞，如given that；還可能是介詞短語，如in case (that)。 根據(jù)提示，完成下列句子，注意狀語從句與主句的根據(jù)提示，完成下列句子，注意狀語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系1. When I arrived

15、at the airport, the plane _(起飛了) 【解析】 had taken off主句“起飛”動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作“到達(dá)”之前。4狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句有什么聯(lián)系？狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句有什么聯(lián)系？had taken off5 2. What are you going to be _ (當(dāng)你長大時(shí))? 【解析】 when you grow up從句動(dòng)作“長大”與主句狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞“干什么”同時(shí)發(fā)生，均用將來時(shí)態(tài)。但此處從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)為一般式表將來。when you grow up5 3. She burst into tears as soon as she_ (被告知) of her

16、 failure in the interview. 【解析】 was informed在as soon as 引導(dǎo)的“一就”句型中，從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作銜接緊湊，可理解為(幾乎)同時(shí)發(fā)生。was informed5 4. Because I _(進(jìn)行) a conversation with my parents, we reached better understanding of each other. 【解析】 had had從句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作have先于主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作reach發(fā)生。had had5 從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系是通過從句與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))發(fā)生的時(shí)間關(guān)系來確定的：從

17、句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))先于主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))發(fā)生；從句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))與主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))同時(shí)發(fā)生； 從句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))后于主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))發(fā)生。因此，從句和主句各自的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該彼此參照使用，注意彼此時(shí)態(tài)在邏輯意義上的一致性。但要注意在時(shí)間狀語5從句和條件狀語從句中，一般式表將來。如：When you come (不用will come)here tomorrow, I will be on the way to Shanghai；If I succeed (不用will succeed) in passing the exam next month,

18、Ill be no longer stressed. 時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞when, while，as用法上用法上有何區(qū)別有何區(qū)別？ 根據(jù)句子意思選擇最佳詞語(when, while，as)填空(每空一詞)1. _she came in, I was watching TV. 2. Would you please look after my pet dog _I was away on business?6whileWhen 3. The head teacher laughed _he spoke. Obviously, he was satisfied with

19、our performance.6 as6 表示 “當(dāng)時(shí)候”時(shí)，when可接短暫性或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，既可表點(diǎn)時(shí)間，也可表段時(shí)間；while只能接延續(xù)性動(dòng)作，表段時(shí)間；as強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，常譯為“一邊一邊”。 原因狀語從句的從屬連詞原因狀語從句的從屬連詞as, since, because用法上用法上有何區(qū)別有何區(qū)別？ 根據(jù)句子意思選詞(as, since, because)填空(每空一詞)1. It is _ he is ill that he isnt here celebrating your birthday.2. _ you have known the truth from hea

20、d to toe, I wont give any explanation.7 because Since 3. _ the weather is not so helpful, we had better prepare two plans in advance.7 As7 表達(dá)原因時(shí)，使用as, since，because等從屬連詞，它們的區(qū)別主要是語氣上的區(qū)別，但在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，語氣是很難把握的東西，因此掌握相關(guān)句式和含義是關(guān)鍵。because語氣最強(qiáng)，表示與結(jié)果直接相關(guān)的原因，可譯為“(正/就是)因?yàn)椤?，所以常用于?qiáng)調(diào)句型或回答why引導(dǎo)的問題。since表示順承關(guān)系，表達(dá)說話者認(rèn)為合乎

21、情理的邏輯推斷，可譯為7 “既然(就)”，此時(shí)用法上相當(dāng)now that。as語氣比較弱，常譯為“由于”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)原因時(shí)，有時(shí)可與because通用。特別注意，也可以表示原因，但它是并列連詞，用法上注意兩點(diǎn)： 不放句首(語氣弱)；引出補(bǔ)充說明的原因，不必直接翻譯成“因?yàn)椤?。如：Come up to me, for I have something important to tell you(過來，我有要事對(duì)你講) 讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞though, although, as, while用法上有何區(qū)別用法上有何區(qū)別？ 根據(jù)句子意思選詞(though, although,

22、as, while)填空 1. _ the Internet has so many conveniences, it also has a lot of inconveniences. 2. _ the actress is beautiful, I dont like her.8 While / Though / Although Though / Although 3. Child _ he is, he is the first Chinese to travel across Europe alone by bike.8 as/ though 8 表達(dá)讓步含義時(shí)，常用從屬連詞thou

23、gh, although, as, while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。while強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比，只能放句首，以引出相對(duì)或相反的情況，譯為“在同時(shí)，卻(有相反的情況) ”，此時(shí)可以用though或although替換。though與although大部分情況下可以互相替換，既可放句首，也可放句末。as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句必須倒裝，此時(shí)可以用though替換，但不可用although替換。 時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞till, until用法上有何區(qū)用法上有何區(qū)別別？ 根據(jù)句子意思填空(till, until)選詞1. Yesterday, I waited for you at the bu

24、s station _ 4 oclock in the afternoon. 2. _ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.9 until / till Until 3. Not _ the war ended did he return home.4. It was not_ the result of the exam was announced that he realized he had organized time badly.9 until until9 這兩個(gè)連詞意義基本相同。兩個(gè)連詞均可用于肯定形式，表示 “做某

25、事直至某時(shí)”，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的。在否定形式表達(dá) “直至某時(shí)才做某事”時(shí)只能用until，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性。另外注意表示“直到 才”意義的倒裝句型和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 10 狀語從句中狀語從句中“一般式表將來一般式表將來”的含義是什么？的含義是什么？ 根據(jù)漢語提示，完成句子1. 當(dāng)你明天早上8點(diǎn)趕到機(jī)場時(shí)，我派車來接你。_at 8 oclock tomorrow morning, Ill send a car to pick you up. When you arrive at the airport 2. 媽媽說假如我在英語演講比賽拿到一等獎(jiǎng)，就送我出國深造。 Mum said _ in the

26、English Speaking Contest, I would be sent abroad to make further study. 3. 假如你明天完成了所有任務(wù)，你可以提前回家。 _， you can go home ahead of time.10if I took the first place If you have finished all your tasks tomorrow 在時(shí)間狀語或條件狀語從句中，時(shí)態(tài)上常用一般式表將來，“一般式表將來”包括三方面含義：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表一般將來時(shí)(見上述句1)；一般過去時(shí)表過去將來時(shí)(見上述句2)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來完成時(shí)(見上述句3)。10