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1、非謂語動(dòng)詞是高中三年乃至以后的英語學(xué)習(xí)中都非常重要的內(nèi)容，在高中階段性考試和重要考試中占較大分值的比重。 非謂語動(dòng)詞是指分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等三種形式，即：doing , done , to do , doing 。 當(dāng)然它們有各自不同的變化形式，如： 現(xiàn)在分詞 doing : 有being done（被動(dòng)式） ; having done （完成式）; having been done （完成被動(dòng)式） 不定式 to do : 有to be done （被動(dòng)式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（進(jìn)行式） 動(dòng)名詞 doi

2、ng : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被動(dòng)式） ; having been done （完成被動(dòng)式） 非謂語動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)： 三種非謂語動(dòng)詞都具有動(dòng)詞的特征，雖然它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但是它們都能帶自己的狀語或有時(shí)跟賓語。具體來講：分詞在句子中可以做定語、表語、狀語或補(bǔ)足語等；動(dòng)名詞在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語、定語等；不定式在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語、定語、補(bǔ)足語或狀語。 下面分別對(duì)三種非謂語動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行講解： 一、動(dòng)詞不定式 先看幾個(gè)例句，判斷不定式在句中的成分。 1．To learn a foreign language?is difficult

3、 .作主語 2． His wish is?to be a driver?. 作表語 3．Tom wanted?to have a cup of beer?.作賓語? 4．The teacher told us?to do morning exercises . 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 5．I have nothing?to say?.作定語? 6．They went?to see their aunt?. 目的狀語 7．It’s easy?to see their aunt.作真正主語，it做形式主語 8．I don’t know?what to do next?.帶有連接代詞的動(dòng)詞不定式

4、作賓語 9．I heard them?make a noise?.不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 掌握動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題： 1.“to” 是不定式符號(hào)還是介詞，下列短語中的to 都是介詞。 agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to? 2． 帶to 還是不帶to I h

5、ave no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in? I saw him enter the classroom . 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .（被動(dòng)語態(tài)中必須還原to） 3． 動(dòng)詞不定式邏輯主語是由for 作為標(biāo)記的。但是有時(shí)用of . It’s necessary for you to study hard 。表物的特征? It’s foolish of him to do it . 表人的特點(diǎn) 4．后接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有： want , ho

6、pe , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc. 需要賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不能用動(dòng)詞不定式直接做介詞的賓語，而要用it做形式賓語。例如:通常不說We think to obey the laws is important

7、 . 而說We think it important to obey the laws . 5．不定式的省略。下列短語中，如果意義明確常常省略到to 。 want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to? 6．不定式作定語，應(yīng)注意兩種關(guān)系： 1）動(dòng)賓關(guān)系： He has a lot of meeting to attend .? Please lend me someth

8、ing to write with .? He is looking for a room to live? He is looking for a room to live in . He has no money and no place to live ( in ) .? I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .? There is no time to think ( about ) .? 2）主謂關(guān)系： She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeti

9、ng .? ---I’m going to the post office , for?I?have a letter to post . ( 邏輯主語是I ) ---Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now (邏輯主語不是I ) 7．不定式作狀語，可以有以下幾種意義： 1） 原因 He is lucky?to get here on time?.? 這種結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有： happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , f

10、ortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , diappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy 2) 目的 He came?to help me with my maths?.? 3) 結(jié)果 I hurried to get there?only to find him out?.? He is old enough?to go to school?.? 8 . 不定式作補(bǔ)足語 I saw him?play?in the street just now .? 能跟不帶to 的不

11、定式作補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有： 五看： see , look at，watch, observe, notice 兩聽： hear , listen to 三使： let , have make, 一感覺： feel I saw him?enter the classroom?. 注: 當(dāng)這些詞為被動(dòng)式時(shí)，不定式必須要帶to , He was seen to enter the classroom . 二．動(dòng)名詞 Learning English?is very difficult .作主語 學(xué)英語非常困難。 His job is?driving a bus?. 作表語 他

12、的工作是開車。 I enjoy?dancing?.作動(dòng)詞賓語 我喜歡跳舞。 I have got used to?living in the country?.作介詞賓語? 我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住農(nóng)村。 注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)： 1.There's no telling what will happen . 2.It's no use talking with him .? 3.It's no good speaking to them like that .? 4.There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing … 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由

13、以下單詞替換: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time? 注意以下幾個(gè)問題： 1．下列動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義有區(qū)別， forget to do … 忘記要做某事 forget doing… 忘記做了某事 remember to do…記住要做某事 remember doing …記著做了某事 mean to do … 有意要做某事 mean doing … 意味著做了某事 regret to do … 對(duì)要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 對(duì)做過去的事后悔 c

14、an’t help to do…不能幫助做某事 can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事 try to do … 盡力去做某事 try doing 試著做某事 learn to do … 學(xué)著去做某事 learn doing … 學(xué)會(huì)做某事 stop to do … 停下來去做（另一件事） stop doing … 停止做某事 go on to do … 接著做（另外一件事） go on doing … 繼續(xù)做某事 used to do … 過去做某事 be used to doing … 習(xí)慣做某事 2．動(dòng)名詞作定語與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語意義有區(qū)別 動(dòng)名詞作定

15、語表達(dá)： n+ for doing 的含義 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表達(dá)： n+which(who) be doing的含義 如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping? a running horse = a horse which is running? 前者是動(dòng)名詞 ， 后者是現(xiàn)在分詞 又如：?drinking?water ,?walking?stick?running?water , sleeping?boy? 3． 動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語： 動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語為代詞或名詞的所有格形式。 例如：His coming?made us very happy

16、.? 4．動(dòng)名詞的語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài) 5．動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)的情況： need doing , want doing , require doing This room?needs painting?. 這個(gè)房間需要粉刷。 6．只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞： admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require ,

17、suggest , risk ,keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can't help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,? 三． 分詞 1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .? 這個(gè)故事有興趣，我對(duì)這個(gè)故事感興趣。 2 . This is a moving film .?這是一部動(dòng)人的電影。 3.

18、The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .? 秘書工作到深夜，為主席準(zhǔn)備一篇長(zhǎng)篇演講稿。 4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .? 如果給我多一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我會(huì)做的更好。 When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .? 當(dāng)他后街時(shí)，看到小偷正從銀行偷錢。 應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題： 1

19、．現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別 Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?? = Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor. = The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor. China is a developing country and America is a developed country. 2．分詞作表語 Th

20、e news sounds encouraging .? They got very excited .? 1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別： The news is interesting .? He is interested in the news . doing 作表語，主語與表語是主謂關(guān)系，即主動(dòng)關(guān)系 ；done 作表語，主語與表語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 2）表語與被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別： The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作） The blackboard is broken . You'd better have i

21、t repaired.（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)） 3）常作表語的過去分詞： amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done? 4）．注意的四種結(jié)構(gòu)： have something to do 有某事要做 have something

22、done 使某事被做 have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 讓某事一直做著 5）． 需要跟反身代詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞： seat , prepare , hide , dress? 如：I seated myself on the chair . I was seated on the chair . 6）．分詞做狀語與不定式的區(qū)別： 分詞做狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、 條件、方式、伴隨等；而不定式表示目的和結(jié)果。 Having finished the homework?, I went home . （ 時(shí)間

23、） Being a Party member?, I should work hard . （原因） Given more time?,I can do my work better . （ 條件 ） He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. （ 伴隨） To get more knowledge?, we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 ) He is old enough?to join the army?. （ 結(jié)果） 7）．分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式作定語的區(qū)別 a runnin

24、g horse 現(xiàn)在分詞 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 過去分詞 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 動(dòng)名詞 = a stick for walking? something to do 不定式 = something that I should do? 8）．不定式被動(dòng)式、分詞的被動(dòng)式和過去分詞的區(qū)別： I have a problem?to be discussed?at the meeting . ( 將來) The building?being built?on the river is the Science Museum . （正在進(jìn)行）