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1、 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 封 面 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途

2、 作者： Pan Hongliang 僅供個人學(xué)習(xí) 語法專題十  數(shù)詞和主謂一致 一、數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞分為兩種：基數(shù)詞（表示數(shù)目）和序數(shù)詞（表示順序） 考點一 dozen 與 score 的用法 1． dozen（一打，十二） ， score （二十）與具體數(shù)詞或與 后不加 s，所修飾的名詞前常省去 of 。如： tw

3、o dozen eggs  。 many， several 等連用時， 兩打雞蛋， many dozen pencils 個人收集整理  勿做商業(yè)用途 好多打鉛筆； dozen，score 的復(fù)數(shù)形式后接 of 時，表示“許多”，是概數(shù)。如： dozens of eggs 幾十個雞蛋， scores of pencils 幾十支鉛筆。此外，有“數(shù)詞＋ score ＋ of ＋名詞” 這種用法。如： two score of eggs 40 個雞蛋， three score of people 60 個人。

4、 2．當(dāng)所修飾的名詞之前有限定詞 these ， those ， my， your 等或是修飾人稱代詞賓格 them， us，you 時，這時需要加 of 。如： two dozen of these pens， three score of them 。 考點二 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法 分子用基數(shù)詞， 分母用序數(shù)詞， 若分子大于 1，則分母用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：one-fourth （ a quarter ） 1/4 two-fifths 2/5 Two-thirds of the money was spent on food. 考點三 年齡的表達(dá)法 表

5、示某人的確切年齡，用“基數(shù)詞＋ years old ”或者“ at the age of ＋基數(shù)詞”，也 可直接用基數(shù)詞；表示某人幾十多歲時，用“ in one's ＋逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)（如 tens ， twenties ，thirties 等）”來表達(dá)。 She is still in her twenties.  她才二十幾歲。 考點四 年代的表達(dá)法 表示“幾十年代”時，在阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加  s 或 's  。 My grandpa was born in 1910's. 二、主謂一致 謂語動詞

6、的數(shù)必須和主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致， 這就叫主謂一致。 在判定一個句子主謂 語是否一致時， 要遵循下列三個原則：語法一致、 意義一致和就近一致?！罢Z法一致”也就 是平常說的從語法形式上取得一致， 即主語為單數(shù)形式， 謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形式； 主語為 復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞亦為復(fù)數(shù)形式?！耙饬x一致”就是從意義著眼來處理主謂語一致問題。 主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞依意義而定， 也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 “就近一致”是指謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)往往和與其最近的主語保持一致。 考點一 謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況 1．主語為表示時間、距離、金錢、度量、容量、書名等整體概念的名詞時。

7、 Ten miles is not a long way for me. 2．由 and 連接的兩個或兩個以上的單數(shù)名詞作主語，前面由不定代詞 every/each/no 修飾時。 Every student and every teacher is in the classroom. 3． and 連接的兩個詞是指同一個人、同一事物或同一概念，因而兩個名詞共用一個冠詞時。 The writer and artist has come. Bread and butter is her favourite food. 4． the number of ＋

8、復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時。 The number of professors present at the meeting is 1800. 5．動名詞（短語） 、不定式、從句等作主語時。 What he said is very important for us all. 6． one and a half ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞； more than one ＋單數(shù)名詞； many a＋單數(shù)名詞作主語 時。 More than one student has gone to Beijing. 7．“ the ＋形容詞”表示一類抽象的事物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 T

9、he new is sure to replace the old. 考點二 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 1．有些集合名詞，如： clothes  ， cattle  ， folk  ， people ， police  ， poultry  （家禽） 等作主語，后面的謂語動詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The police are searching for the murderer. 2．“ the ＋形容詞或分詞”表示某一類人時動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The old are living a hap

10、py life now. 3．由 and 或 both...and... 連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，指的是復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式（不可數(shù)名詞同樣） 。 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop. 考點三 謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定 1．集合名詞如： group ，family ，class ，government ，team，public ，enemy，crowd ， audience ，club ， party ，crew 等作主語時，如果看成一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如

11、 果側(cè)重其成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The family which is not big like watching football games. 2．主語是單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞如： deer ，sheep ，fish ，series ，species ，means，works ， aircraft 等時，視其表達(dá)的意義而判斷謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 A new means has been used by our government. Many means have not come into effect. 3．代詞 none，neither ，all

12、等作主語，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于所指代的內(nèi)容。 All our hope has gone. All the students have come on time. 4．population 表示“人口”，即一個國家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目，它作主語時謂語動詞要 用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它前面有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時，  population  是指一個國家或地區(qū)的全體居民， 它作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The population of Canada is about 29 million. Eighty percent of the

13、 population in this country are farmers. 考點四 “名詞（或代詞）＋介詞短語”作主語時的主謂一致 1．有時主語與謂語動詞之間插入一個介詞短語，該短語對謂語動詞不產(chǎn)生影響。 The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly. 2．當(dāng)主語后面跟有 with ， together with ， along with ， accompanied by ， like ， in addition to ， as well as，as much as， more than ，ra

14、ther than ， no less than ， except ， but ，besides ，including 等連接的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與它們前面的主語取得 一致。 The singer together with his agent has arrived. 考點五 “名詞（或代詞）＋ of ＋名詞”作主語時的主謂一致 1．由“ some， plenty ， a lot ， lots ，most， the rest ， all ，half ， part 或分?jǐn)?shù)、百 分?jǐn)?shù)＋ of ＋名詞”等短語作主語時，謂語動詞常與 of 后的

15、名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。一般來說， 如果 of 后面所接名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式， 謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)； 如果 of 后面所接名詞為單數(shù)形式或不 可數(shù)名詞，謂語就用單數(shù)形式。 About one third of the books are well worth reading. Over 30% of the work has been finished. 2．由“ a kind of ， this kind of ，many kinds of ”和“名詞＋ of this kind ”等，以及 type ， sort ， part ，piece ，section ，pair 等

16、構(gòu)成的同類型短語作主語時，謂語動詞與 of 前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。 This kind of animals is dangerous. Animals of this kind are dangerous. 3．“ a large amount of ＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 “l(fā)arge amounts of ＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 “a large quantity of＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 “a large quantity of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 “l(fā)arge quantities of ＋

17、不可數(shù)名詞 / 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 “a good/great deal of＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market. 考點六  就近原則 1．由  or ， either...or  ，neither...nor  ，not only...but also...  等連接兩個或兩個 以上的并列主語時， 采用就近一致原則， 即謂語動詞和與它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 Not

18、only his family but also he likes Chaplin's movies. Are either you or your brother going to the party? 個人收集整理  勿做商業(yè)用途 2． there be  句型中  be  的形式由它后面的第一個名詞的數(shù)決定。 There are some envelopes and paper for you. 考點七 定語從句中的主謂一致 1．在定語從句里，關(guān)系代詞 that ， who， which

19、等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。 Those who have seen the film please put up your hands. 2．“ one of ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad. 3．“ the only one of ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形 式。 He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.

20、 1．（2012·陜西高考） The basketball coach ，as well as his team，______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. A． were B． was C． is D ． are 2．（2012·湖南高考） All the scientific evidence ______ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ____

21、__ damaging our health. A． show； are B ． shows； are C． show； is D ． shows； is 3．（2011·安徽高考） The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials ， the rest of which ______ saved for other purposes. A． is B ． are C． was D ．were 4．（2011·湖

22、南高考） One-third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______ black people. A． is ； are B ． is ； is C． are ； are D ． are ； is 5．（2011·江蘇高考） The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ______ that we may need a nation

23、wide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A． suggest B ． suggests C． suggested D ． suggesting 6．（2013·安徽皖南八校第二次聯(lián)考） It is either he or you ______in charge of the project and supposed to finish it punctually. A． who is C． who a

24、re  B D  ． that is ． which are 7．（2013·云南昆明摸底調(diào)研）  The girl  found  the  T-shirt  sold  online  was______that in the supermarket. A． as half cheap as B ． cheap as half as C． the half price of D ． half the price of 8．（2013·北京東城第二次聯(lián)考） The basket

25、ball coach ，as well interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. A． were B ． was C． is D ． are  as his  team，______ 9．（2013·四川南充月考）  The driver  ， ______ the  passengers ， ______ responsible for the accident. A． more than

26、 ；are B ． rather than ； is C． other than ； were D ． less than ；was 10．（2013·陜西西安月考） My sister ， as well as her classmates who ______late for class ， ______criticized by Mr Hunt. 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 A． were ； was B ． was； were C． was； was D ． were； were

27、11．（2013·河南開封模擬） ______ of the land in that district______ covered with trees and grass. A． Two fifth ；is B ． Two fifths ；are C． Two fifth ；are D ． Two fifths ；is 12． Everyone ，men and women，old and young ______ sports and games. A． is enjoy B ．

28、were enjoying C． enjoys D ． enjoy 13．Mayor as well as volunteer workers ______ the newly-built stadium. A． is cleaning B ． are cleaning C． were cleaning D ． have cleaned 14． Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln. A． have known B ． k

29、nows C． is known D ． are known 15． The public ______ the best judge because the public always ______ their thoughts. A． are ； express B ． is ； express C． is ； expresses D ． are ； expresses 16． The family as well as their dog ______ on t

30、he roof by the flood. A． was trapped B ． trapped C． were trapped D ． trapping 17．Cattle ______ well in the country market at present ，according to the evening news. A． sell B ．sells C． is being sold D ． will be sold

31、 18． All the furniture in my office ______ made in Hong Kong. A． is B ． are C． were D ． had been 19． Every means ______to prevent the water from ______. A． are used ； polluting B ．get used ； pollution C． is used ； polluted D ．has been used ； being poll

32、uted 20． Is it he or you ______ in charge of the job? A． who is B ． that is C． who are D ． whom are 21． I think Class One ______ to win because Class One ______ all football lovers. A． is likely ；are B． are likely ； are C． is li

33、kely ；is D． are likely ； is 22． Britain ______ many other industrialized countries ，______ major changes over the last 100 years. A． together with ； have experienced B． as well as ； have experienced C． in common with ； has experie

34、nced D． instead of ； has experienced 23． Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes______ sent to the disaste r-hit area since the powerful earthquake occurred. A． has been B ． have been C． is being D ． are being 24． What the children in t

35、he mountain village need ______ good books. 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 A． is B ． are C． have D ． has 25． A teacher of English and head teacher ______ us something about volunteer workers. A． are telling B ．is telling C． are given D ． were given 26． Nothing but sev

36、eral glasses ______ bought by my father the day before yesterday. A． was B ． were C． have been D ． would be 27．（ 2013·廣西桂林中學(xué)模擬） It's said that ______ of the students ______ absent. A．three-fifth ； are B．three-fifths ； is C．third-fifth ； is D．three-f

37、ifths ； are 28．（2013·湖南湘中名校聯(lián)考） Not Jack ， but you and I ______to blame for the accident.We were so careless. A． am B ． is C． are D ．should 29．（ 2013·湖南湘中名校聯(lián)考）— What a lot of money ！ Is it meant for me? — Yes， darling.If you get full marks in the exam ， you'll have _

38、_____ that. A． more than twice than B． more than twice as much as C． twice as much than D． as much twice as 30．（2013·湖南重點中學(xué)月考） More than one doctor ______ involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake. A． were B ． was C． are D ． is 31．（20

39、13·吉林油田高中摸底） The girl sittingby the window is the only one of the students who ______ from the countryside in our class. A． was B ．were C． is D ． are 32．（2013·銀川一中二次月考）— Did you go to the show last night? — Yeah.Every boy and every girl in the area ______ invited. A．

40、 were B ． was C． has been D ． have been 個人收集整理  勿做商業(yè)用途 1 ． B  as well  as  參考答案 連接兩個并列的名詞作主語時，根據(jù)其前面的名詞來確定謂語動詞 的形式。句意：由于出色的表現(xiàn)，比賽結(jié)束不久，這位籃球教練和他的隊員們接受了采訪。 由句意可知動作發(fā)生在過去，故選 B 項。 2．D 第一個空的主語為不可數(shù)名詞 evidence ，故其謂語動詞要用單數(shù) shows；第二個 空的主語為 use

41、 ，謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)形式。句意：所有的科學(xué)證據(jù)都表明農(nóng)業(yè)中對化學(xué)品 日益增長的使用正損害我們的身體健康。故 D 項正確。 3． D 句意：這家工廠用了 65%的原材料，剩余的被作為它用。 raw materials 是先行 詞， which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中， the rest 作主語； the rest 作主語時，謂語的數(shù)由其后的 名詞而定，而 which ＝raw materials ，所以謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由主句中的時態(tài)可知，從 句中要用一般過去時態(tài)。故選 D項。 4． A “國家三分之一的領(lǐng)土”在概念上是單數(shù)，故系動詞用單數(shù)；而 “國家公民的

42、 大多數(shù)”是復(fù)數(shù)， 故系動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 句意： 這個國家三分之一的領(lǐng)土被樹木覆蓋且多數(shù)公民 為黑人。故選 A 項。 5．B 句意：目前許多人仍然在公共場所吸煙的事實表明我們需要開展一場全國范圍的 運動來提高人們對吸煙危險性的認(rèn)識。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語是 the fact ，其后的 that 引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句， 因此主句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式， 結(jié)合上下文時態(tài)可確定， 此處用一般現(xiàn)在時。 6．C either...or... 連接主語時，謂語動詞要和臨近的主語一致。先行詞是 you，故 用 are 。 7．D 句意：這個女孩發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上賣的

43、 T 恤衫是超市里賣的價格的一半。 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)有三 種方式： 1）倍數(shù)＋ as＋ adj. / adv. ＋ as ＋被比對象， 這一句型中，如果形容詞修飾一單數(shù)可 數(shù)名詞， 那么要把形容詞提到冠詞的前面來， 即：倍數(shù)＋ as ＋ adj. ＋ a/an ＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋ as＋被比對象； 2）倍數(shù)＋形容詞或者副詞的比較級＋ than ＋被比對象； 3）倍數(shù)＋ the ＋ size/width/depth/length/height ＋ of ＋被比對象。這里考查的是第三種形式。 8． B as well as 連接的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要和前

44、面的主語一致。這里和 the basketball coach 一致，而且是過去時，故選 B 項。 9． B 句意：是這個司機而不是乘客應(yīng)為此次事故負(fù)責(zé)。名詞＋ rather than ＋另一名 詞作主語時，謂語動詞與第一個名詞取得人稱和數(shù)的一致。故 B 項正確。 10．A 第一個空為定語從句中的謂語動詞，修飾先行詞 classmates ，為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故 謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式； as well as 連接的兩個名詞作主語時謂語動詞要與第一個取得一 致，因此第二個空要用單數(shù)形式。故只有 A 項正確。 11．

45、D 句意：那個地區(qū)五分之二的陸地都被綠樹草地所覆蓋。 two-fifths 表示“五分 之二”，分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與 of 后的名詞取得一致。 land 為不 可數(shù)名詞，故正確答案為 D 項。 12． C 本句主語是不定代詞 everyone ，表示單數(shù)，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 因此選擇 C項。 13． A 名詞＋ as well as ＋另一名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要與前面的名詞保持人稱和 數(shù)的一致，此處 mayor 是單數(shù)名詞，故謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

46、 14． B 主語 many a student 意思是復(fù)數(shù)，形式是單數(shù)，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù) 形式。 15．B 前一個 public （公眾）表示的是集體、整體，故謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。后一 個 public 表示的是個體，即公眾中每個成員，故謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。因此 B 項正確。 16． C 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，句子缺少謂語動詞。 as well as 當(dāng)作介詞使用，后面 的成分不能作主語，主語是 the family ，在這里指的是一家人，側(cè)重個體成員，所以謂語 動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。人是被

47、洪水困住的，所以用被動語態(tài)。 句意：那家人還有他們養(yǎng)的狗都被 洪水困在了屋頂。 17．A 有些集合名詞作主語時，應(yīng)以復(fù)數(shù)看待。這類名詞有 people ，cattle ， police 等。 故此處謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故 A 項正確。 18． A 此處 furniture 作主語，為不可數(shù)名詞，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 19． D 本題考查單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時謂語動詞的形式。這一類動詞有 means， 個人收集整理  勿做商業(yè)用途 works ， species

48、等。句意：（政府）用盡一切辦法來阻止水受污染。 20． C 此處為強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)了主語 he or you ，根據(jù)強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)“ It is/was ＋被 強調(diào)部分＋ that/who ＋其他”，首先排除 D 項；謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)所強調(diào)的主語 he or you 確定， or 連接并列主語時采用就近一致原則，因此根據(jù) you 確定謂語為 are 。 21．A 前一個 Class One 是“一班”， 指集體，故謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式； 后一個 Class One指一班的同學(xué)們，指所有個體，故謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 22．C in commonwi

49、th 意為“和 一樣”， 謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)跟前面的主語保持一致。 句意：與其他工業(yè)化國家一樣，英國在過去 100 年里經(jīng)歷了重大的變化。 A 、B 兩項第一空 together with ，as well as 意思及用法與 in commonwith 類似，均錯在第二空； D 項 instead of “而不是”，不合句意。 23． A 這里的主語是 some necessary equipment ，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。時間狀語為 since ＋過去時，所以謂語動詞要用完成時。 24．B what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語時， 謂語動詞要根據(jù)后面的名詞的

50、數(shù)來決定， 此處要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 25．B 句意：一位英語老師兼班主任正在給我們講有關(guān)志愿者的一些事情。 句中 and 連接的 teacher 和 head teacher 共用一個不定冠詞，說明是同一個人，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 26． A 此處是由 but 連接的 nothing 和 several glasses 放在主語的位置上，真正的 主語是 nothing ，故謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 27． D 五分之三的正確表達(dá)為“ three-fifths ”，分?jǐn)?shù) / 百分?jǐn)?shù)＋ of ＋名詞作主語時， 謂語動詞要與 of 后的名詞取得

51、一致。此處指 students ，故 D 項正確。 28． C not...but... 作主語時謂語動詞的數(shù)要與 but 后的名詞取得一致， and 連接兩 個并列的不同概念的名詞時謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故此處選擇 C 項。 29． B A＋倍數(shù)＋ as＋原級＋ as＋ B 或者 A＋倍數(shù)＋比較級＋ than ＋ B，故此處只有 B 項正確。 30． B more than one ＋單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，且根據(jù)句中 took 可知要用過去時，故只有 B 項正確。 31． C 句意：坐在窗邊的這個女孩是我們班唯一一個來自農(nóng)村的學(xué)生

52、。此處為定語從 句中的主謂一致。 先行詞為 one，而不是 students ，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)， 且時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)， 故只有 C 項正確。 32．B every ＋單數(shù)名詞＋ and＋ every ＋單數(shù)名詞作主語時， 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式， 根 據(jù)第一句話中的“ did ”可知時態(tài)要用一般過去時。故 B 項正確。 個人收集整理 勿做商業(yè)用途 版權(quán)申明 本文部分內(nèi)容，包括文字、圖片、以及設(shè)計等在網(wǎng)上搜集整理。 版權(quán)為潘宏亮個人所有 This article includes some parts, inclu

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