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1、PART ONEElements of sentencesElements of sentencesSubject Subject Predicate Predicate Object Object Predicative Predicative Complement Complement Attribute Attribute adverbialadverbialFive basic sentence patternsFive basic sentence patternsS + V S + V S + V + O S + V + O S + V + P S + V + P S + V +

2、S + V + iOiO + + dOdOS + V + O + S + V + O + OcOcHow many types of sentences How many types of sentences are there?are there?Communicative functionCommunicative functionStatement Statement 陳述句陳述句CommandCommand祈使句祈使句 Question Question 疑問句疑問句Exclamation Exclamation 感嘆句感嘆句 Sentence structureSentence st

3、ructureSimple sentenceSimple sentence簡單句簡單句 Compound sentence Compound sentence 并列句并列句Complex sentenceComplex sentence復合句復合句Whatre the types of complex Whatre the types of complex sentences?sentences?Noun clauseNoun clauseAttributive clause Attributive clause Adverbial clauseAdverbial clause名詞性從句名詞性

4、從句1.He saw a little bird.What he saw was a little bird. He saw that a little bird was singing in a big tree.主語主語+ + 謂語謂語+ +賓語賓語主語從句主語從句 + +賓語從句賓語從句系動詞系動詞 + + 表語表語主語主語+ +謂語謂語 + +2.He saw a little bird.3. The little bird was in a big apple tree. 主語主語系動詞系動詞表語表語The little bird was what we saw in a big a

5、pple tree.表語從句表語從句I have a dream that I have entered a key university.同位語從句同位語從句that主語主語 謂語謂語 賓語賓語同位語同位語4. I have a dream, a big dream.引導名詞性從句的連接詞引導名詞性從句的連接詞1.連接詞連接詞 - (不充當不充當從句從句的任何成分的任何成分) that (無具體詞義無具體詞義) whether/ if (是否是否)2.連接代詞連接代詞 - (在在從句從句中充當中充當主語主語，賓語賓語或或定語定語，一般保持其疑問詞意義一般保持其疑問詞意義 what除外除外)

6、who whom whose which what whatever whoever whichever3.連接副詞連接副詞: - (在在從句從句中擔任中擔任狀語狀語，保持其疑問，保持其疑問詞意義詞意義) when, where, how, why whenever, wherever, howeveras if / as though (仿佛）仿佛）because (因為）因為）表從表從1._ Native Americans arrived in California 15,000 years ago or 14,000 years ago is not important.2.The f

7、act _ they arrived a long time before Europeans is _ matters.3.I believe _ the Native Americans were treated badly when the first Europeans came.4.The customs office is _ your baggage is inspected when you enter or leave a country.Whetherthatwhatthatwhere主語從句主語從句同位語同位語+ +表語從句表語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句Noun

8、 ClausesSubject Clause (主語從句主語從句)Predicative Clause（表語從句）（表語從句）Appositive Clause（同位語從句）（同位語從句）Object Clause（賓語從句）（賓語從句）主從主從形主形主(it)動動賓賓介介賓賓形式賓從形式賓從(it)形容詞形容詞后的賓從后的賓從否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移(be, look, seem, remain)功能功能(和定從的區(qū)別和定從的區(qū)別)位置位置(分隔分隔)Im anxious that(形容詞形容詞+that)PART TWO 1.判斷是三大從句中的哪一種判斷是三大從句中的哪一種(定定,狀狀,名名) 2

9、.判斷是名詞性從句中的哪一種判斷是名詞性從句中的哪一種(主主,賓賓,表表,同同) 3.連接詞連接詞的選擇的選擇(連接代詞還是副詞連接代詞還是副詞) what & that who & whoever no matter wh- & - ever whether & if 4.語序語序 5.時態(tài)時態(tài) 6.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 7.形式主語和形式賓語形式主語和形式賓語 8.同位語和定從的區(qū)別同位語和定從的區(qū)別連接代詞連接代詞 & & 連接副詞連接副詞1.As parents, they surely know _ they can do something to educate children.2.

10、As parents, they surely know _ they should do to educate children.3.As parents, they dont know _ they should do something to educate children.thatwhatwhether一看成分一看成分, , 二看含義二看含義WHAT & THAT1._ caused the accident is still a mystery.2._ the drivers carelessness caused the accident is known to all.3. T

11、he mystery is _ caused the accident.4. It is known to all _the drivers carelessness caused the accident.5. _made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.6.He is curious about _ is called the birdnest.WhatThat whatthat Whatthat whatwhat在句子中充當名詞性成分在句子

12、中充當名詞性成分( (主主, ,表表, ,賓賓) )thatthat不充當成分不充當成分, ,只起連接作用只起連接作用. .what1. _he will succeed is certain . It is certain _ he will succeed. _ he will succeed is uncertain. _he succeeded was still a mystery.2.I know _ smoking does terrible damage to my heart and lungs and _ it is more difficult for smoking c

13、ouples to become pregnant.ThatthatWhetherHow/Why/Whether名詞性從句中名詞性從句中缺什么缺什么就填就填相應疑問詞相應疑問詞, ,什么也什么也不缺不缺也要也要填填thatthatthatthat多個賓語從句中，第多個賓語從句中，第一一個個that可可省省,后面后面的都的都不可不可省省.(that)1.He thinks he is superior to others and they should obey him unconditionally.2.Please see to that the door is safely locked

14、before you go.3.She _ (擔心擔心)that she might fail the exam.4.I knows nothing about her _(除了除了) he is an America. that it is afraid That可接在可接在but, except后，后，in that 因為因為except that 第二第二that不省略不省略 it + that 形容詞后接賓從形容詞后接賓從 that who-whoever what-whatever which-whichever1._ will go to the energy conference

15、 is unknown. _behaves dishonestly will deserve punishing.2. He asked me _ would be fit for the job. He could ask _ has such experience to assist him.3.I hoped that I could grow up as soon as possible so that I could have _ I wanted and do _ I liked.4. I am not sure _ bike belongs to me. You can take

16、 away _ bike you like.名詞性從句中名詞性從句中,who, what, which表示表示疑問疑問whoever=anybody who Whatever=anything that(語氣比語氣比what更更強烈強烈)WhoWhoeverwhowhoeverwhateverwhateverwhichwhichever_ you go and _you do, Ill be right here waiting for you.WhereverwhateverNo matter whereno matter what 離開房間的任何人應該把燈關掉。離開房間的任何人應該把燈關掉

17、。_ought to turn off the light._ he had was seized by the Japanese soldiers.Whoever leaves the room lastWhateverNo matter wh- & -ever狀從狀從主句完整主句完整主從主從(擔當整句的主語擔當整句的主語)主從主從判斷判斷狀從狀從和和名從名從( (主主, ,表表, ,賓從賓從) )的依據(jù)的依據(jù): :主句是否完整主句是否完整. .whether & if1._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.2.What the

18、 doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.表表是否是否時時,一般都能用一般都能用whether. If 可引導可引導動詞動詞后的后的賓語賓語從句從句. Whetherwhetherthat3.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. Whether / if 表表疑問疑問, that不表疑問不表疑問名詞性從句在句中要用名詞性從句在句中要用_語序語序, ,從句從句的引導詞必須始終置于的引導詞必須始終置于_ 1.No one

19、 can be sure _ in a million years.A.what will man look likeB. what man will look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like陳述陳述總結(jié)總結(jié)歸納歸納：2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. th

20、ey were how excited 句首句首1) When will Professor Li give us a talk? We wanted to know We wanted to know when Professor Li would give us a talk.2) Jim is a good student. The teacher said The teacher said (that) Jim was a good student. 3) Has Mr. Green been in Beijing for five years? He asked He asked i

21、f/whether Mr. Green had been in Beijing for five years.2.2.主句的動詞用主句的動詞用過去過去時，從句表示時，從句表示客觀事實，客觀事實，格言，諺語格言，諺語等，從句謂語動詞用等，從句謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時Our physics teacher once told us that light _ (travel) faster than sound.travels3.3.主句的動詞用主句的動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時，從句謂語可，從句謂語可根據(jù)根據(jù)從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間選用各種時態(tài)從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間選用各種時態(tài)Tom says

22、that Mary _ (go) abroad last year and _ (be) there for nearly 5 months. wenthas been1.We suggested that the meeting _(cancel).2. The smile on his face suggested that he_ (be) satisfied with our work.3. It is strange that he _ (inform) you of this.4. I wish he _(pass) the exam yesterday. be cancelled

23、wasinform had passedsuggested暗示暗示, ,表明表明It is suggested that should (not)I suggest that should (not)My suggestion is that should (not)I have the suggestion that should (not)1. advise, suggest, demand, order, insist, require, request, recommend 建議建議,請求請求,命令命令,堅持堅持 (名詞性從句中名詞性從句中)2.It is strange/import

24、ant/a pity/a shame /no wonder that (should) do3.I wish thatI were 18 years now.I had taken part in the blood donation.I would fly like a bird in the future.1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3

25、. (09天津）天津）It is obvious to the students whether they should get well prepared for their future. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.itItthatwhether找出下列句子中的錯誤找出下列句子中的錯誤總結(jié)歸總結(jié)歸納：納：當主語從句較長，而謂語較短時，常常將從當主語從句較長，而謂語較短時，常常將從句句_，而用，而用itit作為形式主語置于句首。作為形式主語置于句首。it it 也可作形式賓語。也可作形式賓語。 后置后置ItIt做形式主語的常見

26、句型做形式主語的常見句型 1. It + be + adj. /n + that/ wh-2. It + be + v-ed + that/ wh-3. It + appear / seem + that4. It + occur to sb/ strike sb + that5. It + doesnt matter + whether / if /how / wh-6. It + turn out/ come out + thatLets have a tryLets have a try1.他好像對這個計劃沒有什么興趣。他好像對這個計劃沒有什么興趣。2.水油不容，這是常識。水油不容，這是

27、常識。3.我突然意識到除了我沒有其他的婦女出席了我突然意識到除了我沒有其他的婦女出席了這個會議。這個會議。It seems that he has no interest in the plan.He seems to have no .It is common sense that water and oil dont mix.It struck me that there were no other women present at the meeting except me.1. _ is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games will

28、take place in Beijing. (福建福建 2008)2. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.（07年天津卷）年天津卷） 3.It is _(amaze) that so many great works of art are housed in the same museums.4.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.Exercises_ is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games w

29、ill take place in Beijing.amazingititItAs考點考點8 8同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句同位語從句: 解釋說明解釋說明抽象抽象名詞名詞(news, reason, fact, order, etc)的的具體內(nèi)容具體內(nèi)容。that在從句中在從句中_成分。成分。定語從句定語從句:修飾限定修飾限定先行詞先行詞(具體具體或抽象名詞或抽象名詞) 關系詞應代關系詞應代替替 先行詞在從句中先行詞在從句中_句子成分。句子成分。1. （09江西）江西）The fact has worried many scientists _ the ear

30、th is becoming warmer and warmer these years.2. The suggestion _he raised at the meeting is very good.3. The suggestion _ the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good. 不充當不充當充當充當做題順序：做題順序：“二看二看”一看一看_是否完整；二看是否完整；二看_確定答案。確定答案。從句從句句意句意thatthat/whichthat定從定從the earth is becoming warmer and

31、 warmer these years.The factPART THREE寫作寫作1. Typical mistakes.1).The article tells us about children misbehave for many reasons.2).Parents ignorance leads to that children misbehave to draw their attention.(that)The article tells us _the reasons_ children misbehave.The article tells us _the reasons

32、_ childrens misbehaviors.leads to the fact thatleads to childrens misbehaving/ misbehaviorswhyforaboutabout2.2.寫作中高頻句型寫作中高頻句型( (背誦背誦) ) 1). It occurred to me that I used to make a serious mistake./It occurred to me that I had a similar experience when I was in primary school. 我想起了我想起了( (記敘文中的引入記敘文中的

33、引入) ) 2). There is no doubt that what my mother said made a big difference to me.毫無疑問毫無疑問 3). From the reasons above, we can safely draw a conclusion that bicycling is of great benefit to our health. 我們不難得出結(jié)論我們不難得出結(jié)論,(,(議論文的結(jié)論議論文的結(jié)論) ) 4) From the story, I have learnt a lesson that Where there is a

34、will, there is a way.記敘文記敘文5). It is generally considered that childrens misbehaviour is largely due to their parents wrong education.6). Whats the most important is to make up your mind./is that you must make up your mind.7). We consider it (is) unadvisable to pay money for childrens study.8). It s

35、eemed that/as if my mother had got the truth.9). There is no denying the fact that10). The reason is that 11). It is because12). It is suggested that 不可否認不可否認人們普遍認為人們普遍認為3.As a saying goes, 名詞性從句的諺語名詞性從句的諺語: :1).whats lost is lost.2).What we do willingly is easy.3).Children are what their mothers ar

36、e.4).Whats done cannot be undone.失者不可得失者不可得.愿者不難愿者不難.言傳身教言傳身教,耳濡目染耳濡目染.覆水難收覆水難收.人們參加志愿者活動的原因是他們有人們參加志愿者活動的原因是他們有社會責任感。作為一名學生，我會做社會責任感。作為一名學生，我會做我能做的事情來奉獻社會。讓陷入困我能做的事情來奉獻社會。讓陷入困境的人們感到溫暖是非常重要的。志境的人們感到溫暖是非常重要的。志愿者相信世界上有一部分最幸福的人愿者相信世界上有一部分最幸福的人就是那些給別人帶來快樂的人。就是那些給別人帶來快樂的人。The reason why they take part in

37、 the voluntary work is that they have their social responsibilities. As a student, I will do whatever I can to devote myself to our society. It is very important that we should let people in need feel warmer. Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to brin

38、g happiness to others. 5.TranslationWe study in the new teaching building. It makes everyone excited. We walk in the building. We are happy. We can enjoy many paintings and hand-writings. We use our own works to decorate it . It is cool. Our school provides us convenience. It is the goal of our scho

39、ol. The cabinet is an example. We bring many things to school. We can put them in the cabinet. There is hot water too. How can we keep the teaching building clean and beautiful? We are discussing it.4.4.適當?shù)厥褂脧木溥m當?shù)厥褂脧木? ,尤其是尤其是名詞從句名詞從句優(yōu)化文段優(yōu)化文段_we are studying in the new teachingbuilding makes everyon

40、e excited. Even walking in the building brings us happiness _we can enjoy many paintings and handwritings. _is cool that we use our own works to decorate it . To provide us convenience is the goal of our school. The cabinet is an example. _we bring to school can be kept in it. Besides, _we are thirsty there is hot water. Now, how we can keep the teaching building clean and beautiful_(discuss).ThatforItWhatwheneveris being discussedhow