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1、 第一輪復(fù)習(xí)第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題語(yǔ)法專題專題十三專題十三 句子成分和句子分類句子成分和句子分類考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 梳梳 理理中中 考考 鏈鏈 接接廣廣 東東 真真 題題考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 精精 練練 廣東真題廣東真題( ) 1. - So far, Su Binglan is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds. - _ he runs! (2015廣東) A. How slow B. How fast C. What a slow D. What a fast B 廣東真題廣東真題( ) 2. Do
2、 you know Wang Feng? He can remember 100 groups of numbers in five minutes. Yes. _ man he is! (2014廣東) A. What a smart B. How smart C. What a stupid D. How stupid( ) 3. _is it from the village to your farm? About 10 minutes walk. (2013廣東) A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How farDA( ) 4. Mo Ya
3、n won the Nobel Prize for Literature last year. _ excellent he is! (2013廣東) A. How B. What C. What a D. What an( ) 5. You havent been to the West Lake, have you? _. But I will go there with my parents this summer vacation. (2012廣東) A. No, I havent B. No, I didnt C. Yes, I have D. yes, I didA 廣東真題廣東真
4、題A( ) 6. Alice had nothing for breakfast this morning, _? No. She got up too late. (2011廣東) A. had she B. hadnt she C. did she D. didnt she( ) 7. _ will you come back ? In an hour. (2010廣東) A. How soon B. How often C. How far D. How long( ) 8. The boy has a new MP4, _? (2010廣東) A. doesnt he B. isnt
5、he C. does he D. is heCA 廣東真題廣東真題A 句子是具有一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),表達(dá)一個(gè)獨(dú)立完整意義的語(yǔ)言單位。一、 句子的成分。句子一般可以分為幾個(gè)部分,每一個(gè)部分在句子中具有一定的功能,稱為句子的成分。句子的成分有主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。1. 主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的主體,是句子所要說(shuō)明的人或物,是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。主語(yǔ)的位置一般在句首。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、句子都能作主語(yǔ)。He works in a big company.Doing more exercises is good for our health.考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)梳理2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作與
6、狀態(tài)(說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么、是什么或怎么樣),一般在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用各種時(shí)態(tài)。 They are dancing.3. 表語(yǔ)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)。 The dish tastes good.4. 賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象,是主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者,放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后。名詞、代詞(賓格)、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、句子都能作賓語(yǔ)。 I am writing a letter.5. 定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。除了形容詞可做定語(yǔ)外,名詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、句子都能作定語(yǔ)。I have some exciting news to tell you.Peopl
7、e who steal things are called thieves.6. 狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式、程度等。作狀語(yǔ)的有副詞或相當(dāng)于副詞的短語(yǔ)和從句。The Great Wall is popular in the world. 二、二、 句子的分類。句子的分類。1. 句子按結(jié)構(gòu)分可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。(1) 簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(或并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)。簡(jiǎn)單句的五種句型:A. 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞(主、謂結(jié)構(gòu)) He is working.B. 主語(yǔ)+ 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)(主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu))We learn English e
8、very day. C. 主語(yǔ)+ 連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ)(主、系、表結(jié)構(gòu)) Trees turn green.常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞有:be ;become ;get ;turn ;feel ;look(看起來(lái));smell(聞起來(lái));sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái));taste(嘗起來(lái));seem(似乎)。 特別注意:形容詞常作表語(yǔ)。 D. 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ)(人)+ 直接賓語(yǔ)(物)=主語(yǔ)+ 及物動(dòng)詞 + 直接賓語(yǔ)(物)+ to / for + 間接賓語(yǔ)(人)常用的此類動(dòng)詞有:give ;pass ;show ;lend ;buy等,但buy與for連用。I gave him a book. = I
9、gave a book to him.My mother bought me a pen yesterday. = My mother bought a pen for me. E. 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 注意作賓補(bǔ)的詞:1)名詞 2)形容詞;3)不定式;4)動(dòng)詞的ing 形式。 We call him Jim. We must keep the window open. He told me to wash the plates. I saw a thief going into your room.(2) 并列句由并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。 I l
10、earn English and he learns French. (3) 復(fù)合句中含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句。初中階段主要考察賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句。 It was raining hard when I got home yesterday.2. 句子按功能分可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。陳述句用來(lái)說(shuō)明一件事實(shí)或表達(dá)一種看法;疑問(wèn)句用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題;祈使句用來(lái)發(fā)出請(qǐng)求或命令;感嘆句用來(lái)表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的感情。 考點(diǎn)一:陳述句考點(diǎn)一:陳述句 陳述句是用來(lái)敘述一個(gè)事實(shí),表達(dá)一種觀點(diǎn)的句子。它有肯定和否定兩種形式。陳述句的否定式:1. 如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be,或有助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),在它們后面加n
11、ot構(gòu)成否定句。2. 如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞而又沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加do/does/did再加not構(gòu)成否定句。 3. 其他否定詞如no,never等也構(gòu)成陳述句的否定式。 He doesnt like this. I dont want to do that. She isnt a student. He has no brothers or sisters. 考點(diǎn)二:疑問(wèn)句考點(diǎn)二:疑問(wèn)句用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題或表示疑問(wèn)的句子就叫疑問(wèn)句。這類句子的形式比較多,中學(xué)階段常見(jiàn)的有一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句。1. 一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句是用來(lái)表示某人或某物是否屬實(shí),并且要
12、用yes或no來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句。這種疑問(wèn)句朗讀時(shí)要用升調(diào)。其語(yǔ)序一般要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如: Are you an engineer? Yes,I am或No,I am not. 2. 特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句以疑問(wèn)代詞(who,whom,whose,what,which等)和疑問(wèn)副詞(when,where,why,how等)開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句就叫特殊疑問(wèn)句。這種疑問(wèn)句朗讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。其答語(yǔ)是陳述句。 When did he fly to America? Next Monday.3. 選擇疑問(wèn)句選擇疑問(wèn)句在句中提供的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)答案中選擇一個(gè)作回答的疑問(wèn)句,就叫做選擇疑問(wèn)句。朗讀時(shí)前面的一個(gè)或多個(gè)選擇用升調(diào),最后
13、一個(gè)選擇用降調(diào)。這種疑問(wèn)句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種情況:即一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句再加上供選擇的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)部分。但不管用哪種形式,都要按實(shí)際情況來(lái)回答。一般不用yes或no來(lái)回答。 Do you enjoy playing football or volleyball? I enjoy playing volleyball. Which floor do you live on,the 15th floor or the 21st floor? On the 21st floor. B 考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn) ( ) 1. Lets go to the cinema to see a film, ?
14、A. will you B. shall we C. wont you D. dont you( ) 2. - ? -The one behind the tree. A. Whose girl B. Whos that girl C. Which girl D. Wheres the girl( ) 3. - is your husband? - A cook. He works in a restaurant near our home. A. What B. Where C. How D. WhichC A 考點(diǎn)三:祈使句考點(diǎn)三:祈使句 表示請(qǐng)求、命令、禁止、勸告或建議的句子叫祈使句。1
15、.肯定祈使句。祈使句的主語(yǔ)通常是第二人稱,往往省略。后可加please,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)勸說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣。 Stop talking! Come here in time! 其否定在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加Dont或Never. Dont talk in class. Never leave todays work for tomorrow. 2. 以Lets 開(kāi)頭的祈使句。 Lets go together. Let him go first. 其否定式是在let 前Dont或在不定式前加not. Dont let him go first. Let him not go first.3. 動(dòng)詞do開(kāi)頭的祈使句,
16、在句中起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用,譯成“一定,務(wù)必”。 Do come to see me if you have time.4. 以No開(kāi)頭的祈使句,No +n./ doing sth.,一般用于警示,標(biāo)志等。 No smoking! 禁止吸煙 No fishing! 禁止釣魚(yú) No photos! 禁止拍照 B考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)( ) 4. - Look at the sign, what does it mean? - It means “_ ”. A. Dont talking B. No talking C. Not talk D. Not talking考點(diǎn)四:感嘆句考點(diǎn)四:感嘆句含有
17、表示情緒色彩的詞的句子叫感嘆句。感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)通常有三種形式:(1)what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句,強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的名詞;(2)how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的形容詞或副詞;(3)由感情色彩的單詞或詞組構(gòu)成的感嘆句。 1. What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。What+a/an+adj.+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)?。ㄓ袝r(shí)主謂可省略)What+ adj.+不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)!What a hot day it is!What good advice the teacher gave us!What tall buildings they are! 2. How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。How+adj./adv.+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)! Ho
18、w+ adj. + a/an +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)! How interesting the book is! How hard they are working! AA考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)( ) 5. nice weather it is ! Lets play football. A. What B. How C. What a D. How a( ) 6. - clever the girl is! - So she is. A. How B. What C. What a D. How a1-5 BABAB 6-10 CBDDD11-15 DDBCA 16-20 ACACC 中考鏈接中考鏈接 1-5 CAAAB 6-10 ABBDD 11-15 DAADA 16-20 AABAC 考點(diǎn)精練考點(diǎn)精練