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1、專練(二)　主旨大意題 強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1—— A (2019·臨沂市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測) As my husband，Doug，stood on the busy New York city street trying to stop a cab, I angled the stroller(嬰兒車)away from the cold December wind and rain.I knelt down and kissed my daughter on her cheek where veins crept up(靜脈突出)the side of her tiny face. Frus

2、trated and wet，my husband gave up his attempt to flag down a cab.I knew the feeling.Just after her first birthday，our daughter Katie was diagnosed with a rare brain disorder.Since that moment，Doug and I felt like runners in a marathon race where the finish line kept disappearing.We knew Katie was ru

3、nning out of time.It had taken months before we finally had a name for the disorder，vein of Galen malformation，but we were told only a handful of specialists in the world were qualified to perform the precise surgeries.Now，as we finally found a brilliant doctor to save our girl，we were trapped in a

4、strange city in the cold rain. Just at the moment，a middle-aged woman pulled over and said，“Pardon me？May I offer you a ride？” Before we could say anything，she continued，“It's really no trouble for me.Just get on.” It was then that I noticed her thick Irish tongue，an accent that warmed me like ho

5、t soup. We could simply say，“Thanks！Roosevelt Hospital，please，” and settled in her car for the ride. I don't know how she knew，maybe she noticed the veins and asked，“Are you going for the baby？” I nodded my head，choking back a tiny sob. At the hospital we thanked her a dozen times for the ride.T

6、he woman hugged me and I noticed her face was wet with tears in worry.She promised to pray for us before she left. After three more visits to New York and two more brain surgeries，Katie is cured.But the voice of the Irish Angel still rang as a constant reminder of a tiny ray of light that appeared

7、on our darkest days. 1．What were the family doing on the street? A．Watching a marathon race. B．Protecting their daughter from cold. C．Trying to ride a taxi. D．Playing with their daughter. 2．What was the trouble with Katie's illness? A．It was a terrible brain cancer. B．It was impossible to be

8、 cured. C．It was hard to name the disease. D．Its surgeries were hard to perform. 3．Why was the woman driver in tears when leaving? A．Because she knew the girl had run out of time. B．Because she had sympathy for the family's misfortune. C．Because the family promised to pray for her. D．Because

9、there were veins on the little girl's face. 4．What's the best title for this passage? A．An Irish Angel in New York B．An Adventure in New York C．An Angel of RooseveltHospital D．An Unforgettable Cab Ride 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者的女兒患了一種罕見的腦紊亂，可世上能做這種精準(zhǔn)手術(shù)的醫(yī)生屈指可數(shù)。作者一家來到紐約求醫(yī)，卻在雨天打不到出租車。后來在一名素不相識的帶有愛爾蘭口音的好心

10、人的幫助下趕到了醫(yī)院。最終經(jīng)過幾次手術(shù)女兒康復(fù)了。 長難句分析：It had taken months before we finally had a name for the disorder, vein of Galen malformation，but we were told only a handful of specialists in the world were qualified to perform the precise surgeries.(第二段倒數(shù)第二句) 譯文：過了幾個月我們才最終得知這個病的名字是Galen靜脈畸形，但是世上能夠具備做這種精準(zhǔn)手術(shù)資歷的醫(yī)生屈

11、指可數(shù)。 詞匯積累：frustrated adj.沮喪的，絕望的 precise adj.精準(zhǔn)的 a handful of一小部分，少量的 1．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“trying to stop a cab”及第二段第一句“Frustrated and wet，my husband gave up his attempt to flag down a cab.”可知，他們在街頭努力打一輛出租車。故選C。 2．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句中的“but we were told only a handful of specialists in the world w

12、ere qualified to perform the precise surgeries”可知，治療Katie的病的手術(shù)很難做。故選D。 3．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二、三句“The woman hugged me and I noticed her face was wet with tears in worry.She promised to pray for us before she left.”可推知，這位女司機(jī)了解了孩子的病情后，對這一家人的不幸遭遇表示同情。故選B。 4．A　標(biāo)題概括題?？v觀全文，從開頭描寫在紐約街頭作者一家攔車無果到最后孩子的得救，中間的一個核心

13、人物就是素不相識的愛爾蘭女人。在作者夫婦眼中，這個女人就是他們的天使。故“紐約的愛爾蘭天使”符合題意。故選A。 B (2019·河北衡水中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期模擬考試) If you're making determination for a healthier new year, consider a gut makeover(腸道清理)．Changing your microbe community(微生物群)，however, may not be easy，and nobody knows how long it might take.That's because the ecosyst

14、em already established in your gut determines how it absorbs and processes nutrients.So if the microbe community in your gut has been shaped by a daily diet of hamburgers and pizza，for example，it won't respond as quickly to a healthy diet as a gut shaped by vegetables and fruits that has a more vari

15、ed microbe community. “The nutritional value of food is influenced in part by the microbe community that encounters that food，” said Dr Jeffrey Gordon，the senior author of the new paper and director of the Center for Genome Science and Systems Biology at the Washington University School of Medicine

16、 in St.Louis.“Nutritional components of a healthy diet have to be viewed from the inside out，” he said，“not just the outside in.” One of the questions the study set out to answer was how individuals with different diets respond when they try to improve their eating habits.The scientists harvested g

17、ut bacteria from humans，transplanted them into mice bred under germ-free conditions，and then fed the mice either American-style or plant-based diets.The scientists then analyzed changes in the mice's microbe communities. Of interest，the scientists harvested the gut bacteria from people who followed

18、 sharply different diets.One group ate a fairly typical American diet，consuming about 3 000 calories a day，high in animal proteins with few fruits and vegetables.Some of their favorite foods were processed cheese and lunch meat.The other group consisted of people who were calorie-restricted.They ate

19、 less than 1 800 calories a day and had carefully tracked what they ate for at least two years，sticking to a mostly plant-based diet and consuming far less animal protein than the other group，a third fewer carbohydrates(碳水化合物)and only half the fat.This calorie-restricted group，the researchers found，

20、had a far richer and more diverse microbe community in the gut than those eating a typical American diet.They also carried several kinds of“good” bacteria，known to promote health，that are unique to their plant-based diet. “Perhaps the best way to shape a healthier microbe community is to eat more f

21、iber by consuming more fruit，vegetables，whole grains，and nuts or seeds，” said Meghan Jardine，a dietitian who was not involved in the current study but has published articles on promoting healthy microbe communities.She urges people to aim for 40 to 50 grams of fiber daily，well above levels recommend

22、ed by most dietary guidelines. 5．What can we know from the first two paragraphs? A．Changing microbiome is fairly easy. B．Ecosystem in gut is shaped by carbohydrates. C．Nutritional components are determined by food intake. D．As to healthy diets，microbe community shaped by vegetables and fruit re

23、spond more quickly than that shaped by junk food. 6．What can we learn about Meghan Jardine? A．She suggests eating as little as possible. B．She attaches great importance to fiber. C．She is one of the researchers of the current study. D．She advocates consuming more meat in daily life. 7．What's t

24、he author's attitude toward gut makeover? A．Concerned.　　　　　B．Opposed. C．Indifferent. D．Nervous. 8．Which is the best title for the text? A．Microbe community in our gut B．A gut makeover for the new year C．Dietary guidelines for daily diets D．The best way towards a healthier microbe community

25、【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了清理腸道的原因及具體做法。 長難句分析：They also carried several kinds of“good”bacteria，known to promote health，that are unique to their plant-based diet.(第四段最后一句) 分析：這是一個復(fù)合句。known to promote health是過去分詞作后置定語，修飾bacteria；that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞bacteria。 譯文：它們還攜帶好幾種已知能促進(jìn)健康的有益菌，這些有益菌是他們吃的素食中獨(dú)有的。 詞匯積累

26、：determination n．決心　establish v．建立　absorb v．吸收　component n．組成部分　transplant v．移植　consume v．消費(fèi)，消耗 5．D　推理判斷題。So if the microbe community in your gut has been shaped by a daily diet of hamburgers and pizza，for example, it won't respond as quickly to a healthy diet as a gut shaped by vegetables and frui

27、ts that has a more varied microbe community.(第一段最后一句) 譯文：所以如果你腸道里的微生物群是由漢堡和披薩組成的日常飲食塑造而成，它產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)的速度就不會像一個由蔬菜和水果塑造的腸道那么快，因?yàn)楹笳邠碛懈鄻踊奈⑸锶骸? 解題思路：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可推知，對于健康飲食，由蔬菜和水果形成的微生物群比垃圾食品形成的微生物群起效快。故選D。 6．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Perhaps the best way to shape a healthier microbe community is to eat more fiber by consuming mor

28、e fruit, vegetables，whole grains，and nuts or seeds...(最后一段第一句) 譯文：或許形成更健康的微生物群的最佳方式是通過吃更多的水果、蔬菜、全麥?zhǔn)称芬约皥怨蛑参锓N子來攝入更多纖維…… 解題思路：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，Meghan Jardine認(rèn)為纖維很重要。故選B。 7．A　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)作者在第二段引用的華盛頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院Jeffrey Gordon博士的話以及最后一段引用的營養(yǎng)師Meghan Jardine的話可推斷出，作者很關(guān)注腸道清理。A項(xiàng)意為“關(guān)心的”；B項(xiàng)意為“反對的”；C項(xiàng)意為“漠不關(guān)心的”；D項(xiàng)意為“緊張的”。故選A。

29、8．B　標(biāo)題概括題。第一段就點(diǎn)明了文章的主題，即“進(jìn)行腸道清理可以讓人更健康”。接下來的四段內(nèi)容都是圍繞腸道清理這個主題，包括清理腸道的原因、所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)以及如何清理腸道。B項(xiàng)能概括文章的主題，適合做標(biāo)題。故選B。 C (2019～2019·第一學(xué)期福州市聯(lián)考) If a city wants to hold the Olympics，it must submit a proposal to the IOC.After all proposals have been submitted，the IOC votes.If no city with the fewest votes is el

30、iminated(淘汰)，the voting continues，until a majority winner is determined.Typically，the Games are awarded several years in advance，allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the site of the Olympic Games，the IOC considers a number of factors，and chiefly among them is which

31、organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively.The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games.For instance，Tokyo，the host of the 1964 Summer Games，and Beijing，that of the 2019 Games，were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia.B

32、ecause of the growing importance of television worldwide，the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city's time zone.Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada，for example，American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because

33、 they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours. Once the Games have been awarded，it is the duty of the local organizing committee—not the IOC or the NOC of the host city's country to provide them with money.This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入)，and

34、 corporate sponsorships，tickets sales，and other smaller revenue sources.In many cases there is also direct government support.Although many cities have gained amounts of money by hosting the Games，the Olympics can be financially risky.If the financial gains from the Games are less than expected，the

35、city will be left with large debts. 9．________ will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC. A．A city that submits a proposal B．A majority winner in voting C．A city that has perfect time zone D．One that hasn't hosted the Games 10．If the Games take place in Canada，American television

36、 networks ________. A．will not pay for the Canadian television networks B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events C．can't broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours D．a(chǎn)re willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights 11．According to the last paragraph，which f

37、ollowing statement is true? A．The host city must be left with large debts. B．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games. C．The city may gain a lot of money. D．It is impossible that the host city couldn't make money. 12．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

38、A．Winner or loser B．Applying for host for the Olympics C．How to host the Olympic Games D．The Olympic Games 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了申辦奧運(yùn)會的流程。 【難句分析】Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada，for example，American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television r

39、ights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada為whenever引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours為because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。 譯文：例如，奧運(yùn)會無論在美國或者在加拿大何時舉辦，美國電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)都愿意為電視轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)支付特別

40、高的費(fèi)用，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢栽谧罴延^看時間直播受歡迎的(體育)賽事。 9．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。第一段主要介紹了產(chǎn)生主辦城市的規(guī)則，根據(jù)第一段第二、三句“After all proposals have been submitted，the IOC votes.If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated(淘汰)，the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined”可知，在所有提案提交后，國際奧委會投票。如果沒有得票最少的城市被淘汰，則投票繼續(xù)，直到確定主辦城市。據(jù)此可知，得票數(shù)最多的城

41、市由國際奧委會確定為奧運(yùn)會主辦城市，故B項(xiàng)正確。 10．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada...because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours”可知，奧運(yùn)會無論在美國或者在加拿大何時舉辦，美國電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)都愿意為電視轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)支付特別高的費(fèi)用，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢栽谧罴延^看時間直播受歡迎的(體育)賽事，故D項(xiàng)正確。 11．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段可知，主辦城市能獲得奧運(yùn)會電視轉(zhuǎn)播、企業(yè)贊助等收入，故主辦

42、城市可能會獲得許多資金，故C項(xiàng)正確。A、D項(xiàng)與文中最后一段的“If the financial...large debts”內(nèi)容不符；根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Although...the Olympics can be financially risky”可知，盡管許多城市通過舉辦奧運(yùn)會獲得了大量資金，但奧運(yùn)會可能存在財政風(fēng)險，故B項(xiàng)錯誤。 12．B　考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了申辦奧運(yùn)會的流程：先向國際奧委會提交提案，國際奧委會根據(jù)規(guī)則和實(shí)際情況投票選擇主辦城市，一旦確定主辦城市，則該城市應(yīng)積極準(zhǔn)備。故B項(xiàng)最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。 強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練2—— A (2019·惠州市第二次

43、調(diào)研) When I was a boy there were no smart phones，and our television only got one channel clearly.Still，I was never bored.The fields，hills，and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground.I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake.At the backside of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road t

44、hat I had never seen before.It was full of muddy tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides，but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure. I walked on and on for hours.I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ear“Turn around and head back home”，but I was stubborn，so I walked on.

45、There was still neither a car nor a house in sight.I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared.I didn't want to end up trapped on this road，and I was worried that it would be dark before I could make my way back to the lake again. I continued to walk on with something growing i

46、nside of me.My heart was pounding and my legs were aching.I was almost in tears when I turned one last curve and saw something in the distance.It was a house that I recognized.I jumped up and down and laughed out loud.It was still over a mile away but my legs felt like feathers and I hurried back to

47、 my house in no time.I walked in with a big smile on my face just in time for dinner. I remembered this recently when I saw a sign that said “All roads lead home”．It is true.In life，all roads，no matter how they twist and turn，can lead us home again.What is important，though，is how we travel them.Are

48、 we going to go forth in fear or are we going to go forth in faith？Are we going to make this life a terrible trip or are we going to make this life a joyful journey？The choice is ours. 1．Why did the author hardly feel bored when he was young? A．Because he could have fun in nature. B．Because he co

49、uld watch TV all day. C．Because he had many friends. D．Because he used to explore the old dirt road. 2．How did the author feel when he was exploring the dirt road? A．He thought he would be scolded by his parents. B．He felt contradictory in mind. C．He thought he would be trapped in the woods.

50、D．He was unconscious. 3．What does “something” probably mean in Paragraph 3? A．Doubt. B．Hope. C．Courage. D．Fear. 4．What does the author mainly intend to tell us? A．Always make choices on our own. B．All roads lead home. C．It's our attitude that matters in our life. D．Every effort is worthwhi

51、le. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者回憶了自己童年時期的快樂的時光，并通過童年時經(jīng)歷的一件事告訴我們，人生中最重要的是對待生活的態(tài)度。 【難句分析】What is important，though，is how we travel them.Are we going to go forth in fear or are we going to go forth in faith？Are we going to make this life a terrible trip or are we going to make this life a joyful journey? 分析：第

52、一句包含what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，how引導(dǎo)的表語從句；后兩句為表示選擇關(guān)系的一般疑問句。 譯文：然而(生命中)重要的是我們?nèi)绾巫哌^這些路。我們要懷著恐懼前行還是要懷著信心前行？我們想讓自己的人生成為一次糟糕的旅行還是一段快樂的旅程呢？ 1．A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“The fields, hills, and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground.I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake”可知，在童年時期，作者可以到大自然中盡情地玩耍，所以不會覺得無聊。 2．B　考查

53、推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ear‘Turn around and head back home'，but I was stubborn，so I walked on”可知，在探險之初，作者雖想放棄，但還是選擇了繼續(xù)走下去；根據(jù)下文可知，作者雖然擔(dān)心害怕，但仍然繼續(xù)前行。由此可推知，在探險過程中他的內(nèi)心是矛盾的。 3．D　考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“I grew scared”及第三段中的“My heart was pounding and my legs were aching”可推知，

54、由于天越來越黑，作者一直未能找到回家的路，他的內(nèi)心越來越恐懼。由此可推知，something在此指“恐懼”。故選D。 4．C　考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“What is important, though, is how we travel them.Are we going to go forth in fear or are we going to go forth in faith? Are we going to make this life a terrible trip or are we going to make this life a joyful journey”可知

55、，作者想要告訴我們的是生活中態(tài)度才是重要的。根據(jù)最后一段的敘述可知，作者將表達(dá)的重心放在了“如何走人生之路”，其中fear, faith，terrible，joyful體現(xiàn)的均是心境和態(tài)度，無關(guān)“誰來做選擇”，或者“所有的路都能回家”，所以排除A和B。 B (2019·南寧市摸底考試) It used to be one of the world's most splendid train stations，sitting on the French-Spanish border—but then it fell into disrepair.Now，writes Chris Bockm

56、an，the building is showing new signs of life. The train station was built in iron and glass，complete with a hospital，a restaurant and living quarters for customs officers from both France and Spain.At the time it was nicknamed the “Titanic of the Mountains”． But after the day the station was opene

57、d in 1928 by the French president and the Spanish king，flaws quickly became obvious.The rail gauges(軌距)were different，so passengers still had to change trains.It made transporting goods too slow.In the early 1930s，as few as 50 passengers a day were using the station.And then things got worse.During

58、the Spanish Civil War，the tunnels on the Spanish side were sealed off to prevent Republican rebels(反叛者)from bringing weapons in.Later，the French lost interest in the line.When a train derailed on the French side in 1970，that signaled that France abandoned the line. The grand building itself went to

59、 rot.The tracks rusted，the ceilings fell in with the severe winter weather and vandalism (故意破壞財物的行為)did the rest. But a few years ago the local government in Aragon decided to buy the place and restore it，claiming it was a major part of Spanish history.The French government has agreed to reopen the

60、 line on its side too.If all goes to plan，the “Titanic of the Mountains” could be back in business within five years before the end of 2022.It is reported that the massive wooden ticket counters at the station have already been restored. 5．The following factors contributed to the shutdown of the tr

61、ain station EXCEPT ________. A．its poor appearance B．different gauges C．the Spanish Civil War D．slow transporting speed 6．When the train station reopens，it may celebrate its ________ anniversary. A．52nd B．72nd C．94th D．89th 7．What will probably happen to the train station? A．It will be re

62、paired. B．It will be turned into a museum. C．It will be knocked down. D．It will be sold to the French government. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．The Design of a Train Station B．The War Between France and Spain C．The History of a Train Station D．The “Titanic of the Mountains” Coming

63、 Back 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文講述了法國和西班牙邊境的一座火車站的歷史變遷。 【難句分析】But a few years ago the local government in Aragon decided to buy the place and restore it，claiming it was a major part of Spanish history. 分析：這是一個復(fù)雜的簡單句。buy the place與restore it是并列的不定式短語，作decided的賓語；claiming it was a major part of Spanish history是現(xiàn)在分詞作

64、伴隨狀語，claiming后是一個賓語從句。 譯文：但是幾年前，阿拉貢的當(dāng)?shù)卣疀Q定買下這個地方并且恢復(fù)它，聲稱它是西班牙歷史的重要一部分。 5．A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“The rail gauges(軌距)were different, so passengers still had to change trains”可知，軌距不同是造成火車站關(guān)閉的原因之一；根據(jù)第三段中的“During the Spanish Civil War, the tunnels on the Spanish side were sealed off to prevent Republican reb

65、els(反叛者)from bringing weapons in”可知，西班牙內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是造成火車站關(guān)閉的原因之一；根據(jù)第三段中的“It made transporting goods too slow”可知，運(yùn)輸速度慢是造成火車站關(guān)閉的原因之一。故選項(xiàng)A不是造成火車站關(guān)閉的原因，所以選A。 6．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“But after the day the station was opened in 1928”和第五段中的“If all goes to plan，the‘Titanic of the Mountains' could be back in business with

66、in five years before the end of 2022”可以計算出：2022－1928＝94(年)，當(dāng)其恢復(fù)使用時可以慶祝其94周年紀(jì)念日，所以選C。 7．A　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段首句“But a few years ago the local government in Aragon decided to buy the place and restore it”可知，幾年前阿拉貢的當(dāng)?shù)卣徺I并且恢復(fù)該火車站。restore意為“使恢復(fù)，修復(fù)”，所以選A。 8．D　考查主旨大意。根據(jù)全文尤其是第一段中的“the building is showing new signs of life”和第五段中的“If all goes to plan, the‘Titanic of the Mountains' could be back”可知，選項(xiàng)D能夠概括全文，所以選D。 C (2019·貴陽市摸底考試) Pollution's serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in r