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1、Part 2 Of 213. die vi. 死；枯萎,凋謝(過(guò)去式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過(guò) 去分詞分別為died, dying, died)die from “死于”,可以指因疾病而死,也可以 指因外部創(chuàng)傷或間接的原因而死。 die from / of cancer 死于癌癥 die from a traffic accident 死于車(chē)禍 The engineer died from overwork. 那個(gè)工程師因過(guò)度勞累而死。die of “死于”,表示死于疾病、饑餓、寒 冷、年老、悲傷等。 die of disease / old age / grief 死于疾病/年老/悲傷 The begg

2、ar died of hunger and cold. 那個(gè)乞丐死于饑寒。die for 為而死 die for ones country / the people 為自己的國(guó)家/為人民而死die in poverty 死于貧窮die out=disappear 滅絕,消失 Many of the living things are dying out. 許多生物瀕臨滅絕。 The fire died out. 火熄滅了。die away 漸弱 The sound of the car died away in the distance. 汽車(chē)的響聲在遠(yuǎn)處消失。be dying for是“極想

3、得到”的意思。 Shes dying for a piano of her own. She wants very much to have a piano of her own. 她極想有一架自己的鋼琴。be dying to do=be anxious to do,表示“迫切 想做”。 We are dying to hear about your experiences in the army. 我們很想聽(tīng)你談?wù)勀阍诓筷?duì)的經(jīng)歷。動(dòng)詞die有時(shí)可接形容詞或名詞,表示主語(yǔ)死 時(shí)的情況。 die happy / rich 死時(shí)很愉快/很富有 die a hero 死得英雄die的形容詞是dea

4、d,名詞是death, deadly意為 “致命的”,the dying 垂死的人,the dead已故 的人,die(死亡)的現(xiàn)在分詞是dying, dye(染)的 現(xiàn)在分詞是dyeing,兩者不可混淆。1. 許多舊習(xí)俗都在日漸消失。 Many old customs are gradually _.2. 在如此熱的天氣,我們都渴得要死。 In such a hot day, were all _ a drink.dying outdying for14. sure adj. (用作表語(yǔ))確信； adv. 的確 I am sure that you are right. 我確信你是對(duì)的。 S

5、ure, Ill help you. 我肯定會(huì)幫你的。make sure 查明,弄確實(shí),使確定be sure to do 一定要,務(wù)必去做be sure of / about sth. 確信,有把握f(shuō)or sure 肯定,有把握be sure of oneself 對(duì)自己有信心,很自信to be sure 無(wú)可否認(rèn),當(dāng)然,肯定Have you made sure of the time of the train?火車(chē)開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)間你弄清楚了嗎？Be sure to write and tell me all the news.一定要寫(xiě)信告訴我所有的消息。I think the answers rig

6、ht, but Im not sure about it. 我想這答案是對(duì)的，但我不太確定。I dont know it for sure.這事我知道得不夠確切。I dont know for sure that he was dead.我確實(shí)不知道他已去世了。I always cant be sure of myself.我總是對(duì)自己沒(méi)有信心。He is clever, to be sure, but not very hard-working.他聰明是聰明,但是不怎么勤奮?？梢哉f(shuō)Im sure / certain that hell win.或者說(shuō)Its certain that hell

7、 win.但不能說(shuō)Its sure that hell win.1. 今晚一定要來(lái)見(jiàn)見(jiàn)我的家人,好嗎？ _come and meet my family tonight, will you?2. 我想5:15有一班火車(chē),但是你最好去查一查。 I think theres a train at 5:15, but youd better _.Be sure tomake sure15. be of+名詞“be of+名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)可表示主語(yǔ)的類(lèi)屬。 Australia and New Zealand are of the same continent. 澳大利亞和新西蘭屬于同一洲。 The tw

8、o sisters are of the same class. 姐妹倆在同一班。表示年齡、顏色、重量等名詞前的of可有可無(wú)。 They are (of) the same height. 他們一樣高。 The two pairs of shoes he bought yesterday are (of) the same colour. 他昨天買(mǎi)的兩雙鞋顏色一樣。be of+抽象名詞=be+這一名詞的形容詞形式, 用來(lái)表示某物的特征。 Sports and games are of great importance. Sports and games are very important.

9、體育運(yùn)動(dòng)非常重要。 What he said at the meeting was of great value. What he said at the meeting was very valuable. 他在會(huì)上的講話(huà)很有價(jià)值。 This medicine is of no use. This medicine is useless. 這藥沒(méi)效果。這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的抽象名詞，其前可用great, no, little, some, any, not much等修飾,以表示不同程度。常用的抽象名詞有importance, value, use等。1. 他是一個(gè)有能力的人。 _2. 姐妹倆一樣重。

10、 _He is a man of ability.The two sisters are of the same weight.16. drop out 退出，脫離;退學(xué) He has dropped out of active politics. 他已不再積極參政了。 Bill dropped out of college after his first year. 比爾在學(xué)院里只上了一年課就退學(xué)了。drop back 后退,落后drop in (on sb.) 順便拜訪(fǎng)(某人)drop off 入睡,減少drop a line / note 寄，寫(xiě)(信)The car that had b

11、een in the second position dropped back with engine trouble.先前位居第二的那輛車(chē)由于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)生故障而落在了后面。The Smiths dropped in on some old friends on their vacation trip to New York.史密斯一家去紐約度假時(shí)順便拜訪(fǎng)了一些老朋友。Drink this and youll soon drop off.喝了這個(gè),你很快就會(huì)入睡的。The audience for films have dropped off.看電影的人少了。Drop me a line whe

12、n you get there.你到那兒后給我寫(xiě)封信。1. 他10歲時(shí)就輟學(xué)了。 He _ school at the age of ten.2. 有時(shí)他會(huì)順路進(jìn)來(lái)一下。 Sometimes he would _.3. 路上別掉隊(duì),以免迷路。 Dont _ the others on the trail in case you get lost.dropped out ofdrop indrop behind17. earn ones living 靠為生 也可以說(shuō)earn ones livelihood, earn daily bread。 earn vt.,意為“賺,博得”,除了掙錢(qián)外,還

13、可以 表示“贏得名譽(yù)、地位、尊敬、贊揚(yáng)”等。 The old man earned his living as a fisherman. 這老人以捕魚(yú)為生。He earns twice as much as I do.他掙的錢(qián)是我掙的兩倍。His courage earn him the admiration of his comrades.他的勇敢博得了同志們的贊揚(yáng)。earn后面可接介詞by, with或for。Toms father earned his money with hard work.湯姆的父親靠辛勤勞動(dòng)掙錢(qián)。His strange behavior earned for hi

14、m the nickname “The Madman”.他的古怪行為使他得到了“瘋子”的外號(hào)。 earn, win與gain如果是為錢(qián)(或任何其他報(bào)酬)而工作,就用earn。 She earns 1,000 a month. 她一個(gè)月掙1,000美元。win指在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、比賽中獲勝,并可能由 此得到獎(jiǎng)賞。 Who is going to win the election? 誰(shuí)將贏得大選？gain指獲得有用和需要的東西,與earn和win 不同,它用在與錢(qián)沒(méi)有關(guān)系的場(chǎng)合。 She gained experience while working for the newspaper. 她在為這家報(bào)

15、社工作期間獲得了經(jīng)驗(yàn)。1. 我到這里以后,結(jié)識(shí)了很多朋友。 I have _ since I arrived here.2. 他獲得了一枚金質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆?He has _.gained a lot of friendswon a gold medal1. 含time的句型This / That / It + is / will be / was + the first (second, third) time + that從句。主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為is/will be,從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),且that可省略；主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為was,從句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí),有時(shí)也可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。This is the first

16、 time they have ever come to England.這是他們第一次來(lái)英國(guó)。It was the first time they had ever met in Shanghai.那是他們第一次在上海見(jiàn)面。the first / the last / next time可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從 句,意為“第一次/上次/下次做的時(shí)候”。 The first time I saw her, she was 21. 我第一次見(jiàn)到她的時(shí)候,她21歲。 The last time I saw him, he was quite well. 我上次看到他時(shí),他還相當(dāng)健康。It is(high)

17、 time + that從句,意為“是該做的 時(shí)候了”,從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示虛擬。 It is high time that you made up your mind. 該是你下決心的時(shí)候了。each / every time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“每 當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”相當(dāng)于whenever。 Every time I meet her, she is shy. 我每次見(jiàn)到她,她都很靦腆。by the time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“到 為止”。若從句為一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí);若從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主句常用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。By the time we arrived, the m

18、eeting had been over.我們到達(dá)時(shí),會(huì)議已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。the time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“一 就”,相當(dāng)于as soon as或the moment。 He felt a thrill the time he got into the theatre. 他一走進(jìn)劇場(chǎng)就感到十分激動(dòng)。2. In fact, it is you who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion. 事實(shí)上，在防止黃河侵蝕方面扮演最重要角 色的人是你。 It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (w

19、ho)+句子其他 部分。 It was him who/that I saw the day before yesterday. 我前天看到的就是他。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí),可以用who也可以用that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是除謂語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)等之外的各種句子成分。It was Tom who / that met an old friend in the street yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))It was an old friend that Tom met in the street yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))It was in the street that Tom met an

20、old friend yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))It was yesterday that Tom met an old friend in the street. (強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))It was not until he told me the truth that I knew about it. (強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)It was because he was ill that he was absent from the meeting. (強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句)3. It is no bigger than a credit card! 它和一張信用卡一樣小！ no+比較級(jí)+th

21、an： 同樣也不 這種結(jié)構(gòu)常用來(lái)表示對(duì)兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象進(jìn)行否定。 “not+比較級(jí)+than”則是用來(lái)對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行否定, 表示前者在程度上不如后者。試比較：Mary is short, but Betty is no taller than Mary.瑪麗很矮,但貝蒂和瑪麗一樣矮。Betty is not taller than Mary.貝蒂?zèng)]有瑪麗高。1. 這顆星和那顆星一樣暗淡。 This star looks _ that one.2. 這本詞典沒(méi)有那本詞典有用。 This dictionary is _ than that one.no brighter thannot more usef

22、ul人物介紹人物介紹(基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作) 介紹人物是基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)的一種話(huà)題類(lèi)型。它涉及人的出生、家庭背景、教育、經(jīng)歷、成就和評(píng)價(jià)等，介紹的一般步驟：概況 age, birthday, birthplace, background; 性格 character; 教育 education; 生平 big events in his or her life；評(píng)估 evaluation。人物介紹常用表達(dá)：人物介紹常用表達(dá)：1. age, birthday and birthplace (個(gè)人概況)was/were born in(place) on(date) 出生于某地某時(shí)at the age of

23、在某人多少歲時(shí)the son of a poor family 來(lái)自窮苦家庭的兒子was born into a peasant family 出生于一個(gè)農(nóng)民家庭live/lead a happy/difficult life 過(guò)著幸福/艱苦的生活2. character (性格特征性格特征)kind-hearted /warm-hearted好心的，熱心的hard-working/diligent 勤奮的humorous 幽默的confident 有信心的independent 獨(dú)立的sociable 愛(ài)社交的，外向的 patient 有耐心的 be willing/ready to hel

24、p others 樂(lè)于助人 3. education background (教育背景教育背景) be admitted touniversity考取大學(xué) graduate fromdepartment ofuniversity 從某大學(xué)某系畢業(yè) receive/get a masters/doctors degree 獲取碩士/博士學(xué)位 go abroad for further studies 出國(guó)深造 When at college, he majored in English/he was an English major. 讀大學(xué)時(shí)他主修英語(yǔ)。 4. big events in hi

25、s or her life (生平經(jīng)歷生平經(jīng)歷) serve as做工作 devote oneself /ones effort/ones life to; be devoted to 致力于 make up ones mind/be determined to do決心做 have a gift/talent for 有的天賦5. evaluation (評(píng)價(jià)評(píng)價(jià))famous/well-known at home and abroad國(guó)內(nèi)外著名的 make great/rapid progress in 在取得很大/快速進(jìn)步gain/win the first prize/place 獲得

26、一等獎(jiǎng)/第一名set a good example to為樹(shù)立好榜樣 speak/think highly of高度贊揚(yáng)be honored as被授予make great contributions to為作出巨大貢獻(xiàn) 【寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容【寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容】 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示，寫(xiě)一篇介紹“小麥之父”李振聲的文章。 11931年出生于山東淄博的一個(gè)農(nóng)民家庭。 21951年大學(xué)畢業(yè)。 3之后，開(kāi)始從事雜交小麥的研究工作，并成為這一領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)家。 4他為中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。 52006年他獲得了國(guó)家最高科技獎(jiǎng)并被人們稱(chēng)為“小麥之父”。 6他把所獲得的錢(qián)全部捐給了貧窮的孩子。 【寫(xiě)作要求【寫(xiě)作要求】 只能使用

27、5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容。 參考詞匯：國(guó)家最高科技獎(jiǎng) the National Top Science and Technology Award 第一步：審題，確定寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容。本篇基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作是人物簡(jiǎn)介，簡(jiǎn)單介紹了“小麥之父”李振聲的生平，寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)明確，為所列舉的16點(diǎn)，內(nèi)容上不需要我們發(fā)揮。 第二步：確定全文的基本時(shí)態(tài)：全文的基本時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但第3和第4點(diǎn)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為佳。 第三步：翻譯要點(diǎn)。 注意：翻譯前要補(bǔ)全某些信息不完整的要點(diǎn)，之后再進(jìn)行翻譯。 1. Li Zhensheng was born in a poor peasants family in Zibo, Shandong Pr

28、ovince in 1931. 2. Li Zhensheng graduated from Shandong Agricultural College in 1951. 3. Since his graduation, Li Zhensheng has devoted himself to the research and development ofhigh yield wheat and become a leading expert in this field. 4. He has made great contributions to the development of China

29、s agriculture. 5. He was given the 2006 National Top Science and Technology Award and honored as the “Father of wheat” 6. He donated his entire prize to poor students (as financial assistance) 第四步：根據(jù)內(nèi)容連貫，語(yǔ)篇銜接的基本原則，合并句子，連句成篇。我們可以將基本信息中的1,2句合并成一句，其他信息點(diǎn)單獨(dú)成句即可。對(duì)于介紹人物的文章，在連句成篇時(shí)，要按照時(shí)間順序來(lái)安排文章的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，盡量使用合適的銜

30、接性詞語(yǔ)使文章通順連貫。 第五步：檢查：要點(diǎn)是否完整，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，是否有單詞拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，上下文是否連貫通順等。 Born in a poor peasants family in Zibo, Shandong Province in 1931, Li Zhensheng graduated from Shandong Agriculture College in 1951. Since then, he has devoted himself to the research and development of high yield wheat and become a leading e

31、xpert in this field. He has made great contributions to the development of Chinas agriculture. For this reason, he was given the 2006 National Top Science and Technology Award and honored as the “Father of wheat”in China. He donated his entire prize to poor students as financial assistance. 【寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容【寫(xiě)作

32、內(nèi)容】 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下提示，寫(xiě)一篇介紹我國(guó)明代著名地理學(xué)家徐霞客的文章。 1出生年代：1587。 2著作：徐霞客游記。 3事跡：徐霞客一生周游考察了16個(gè)省，足跡幾乎遍及全國(guó)。為了進(jìn)行真實(shí)細(xì)致的考察，他很少乘車(chē)坐船，而對(duì)邊遠(yuǎn)的山區(qū)、人跡稀疏、稀少的森林進(jìn)行考察，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多奇山秀景。 4評(píng)價(jià)：對(duì)我國(guó)地理學(xué)發(fā)展作出了重大的貢獻(xiàn)?！緦?xiě)作要求【寫(xiě)作要求】只能使用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容。參考詞匯：徐霞客游記 Travels of Xu Xiake_ One possible version： Xu Xiake, a famous geographer in Ming dynasty, was born in

33、1587. In order to complete his great work Travels of Xu Xiake, during his life time, Xu Xiake had traveled and studied the geographical conditions of 16 provinces, having left his footprints almost all over the land of China. In order to make a close and realistic study of the geographical conditions, he seldom traveledby wagon or boat, but almost did all the traveling on foot. By visiting some remote mountains and little-traveled forests, he had discovered wonderful mountains and attractive spots. He is considered to have made a valuable contribution to the development of Chinese geography.