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1、人教課標(biāo)版人教課標(biāo)版高二高二 選修選修 7Unit 4DISCOVERING USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONSWords StudyWords Study1. to change slightly to make something work better2. a mental shelf for cooking meat, toasting bread, etc3. connected with what is being done or discussed4. an ideaadjustgrillrelevantconcept Find words in the u

2、nit for the following meanings.5. an honour6. something that has been organized7. written work in an office, such as writing reports or letters. 8. to breathe air into your nose noisilypaperworksniffprivilege arrangement Complete the paragraph with the word or phrases in the box.otherwise airmail be

3、 dying to adjust muddy hear from fortnight platform remoteSharon looked at herself in the mirror and sighed. She had posted the _ letter to Tim last week but had had no reply. She smoothed her hair down with a wet comb, wiped her _ shoes, and thought about the three boy she had ever met, _ she would

4、 not have months she had know him. airmailmuddy otherwiseHe was the nicest fallen in love with him. She still remembered that he _ quickly when he heard she came from a _ village. At first she had _ him every week but now she had not heard for a _. Why? She had decided to find out. adjustedremotehea

5、rd from fortnightShe walked down the _ to catch the train to New York feeling both excited and nervous. She _ see him again but what if he didnt want to see her?platform was dying to1. relevant (adj.) relevantly (adv.) “有關(guān)的有關(guān)的,有實際價值有實際價值(重要性重要性)的的”反義詞反義詞: irrelevant be relevant to “與與有關(guān)有關(guān)” = be conn

6、ected with have sth to do with 這種工作與性這種工作與性別無關(guān)別無關(guān)The work of this kind is not relevant to sex.這類課程與當(dāng)今的社會問題的關(guān)系這類課程與當(dāng)今的社會問題的關(guān)系 而論已毫無實際價值。而論已毫無實際價值。The type of the course is no longer relevant to todays social problem. 2. adapt adjust adapt (oneself) to “適應(yīng)，適合適應(yīng)，適合” You should adapt yourself to the new

7、 environment. 你應(yīng)該適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。你應(yīng)該適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。adjust “適應(yīng)適應(yīng)” “調(diào)整調(diào)整”、“調(diào)節(jié)調(diào)節(jié)”使使之適應(yīng)之適應(yīng)adjust (oneself) to =adapt (oneself) to “適適應(yīng)應(yīng)”He adjusted his tie before entering the hall.You cant see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes.ADAPT (ONESELF) TO 的的TO是介是介詞詞, 后跟名詞或動詞后跟名詞或動詞-ING形式。類似形式。類似的詞組有的詞組有:be (g

8、et) used to 習(xí)慣于習(xí)慣于 be related to 與與相關(guān)相關(guān) lead to 帶領(lǐng)帶領(lǐng),導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致,通向通向 devote oneself to 獻身于獻身于contribute to 為為作貢獻作貢獻 access to 接近接近/進入進入(某地的某地的)方法方法注意注意look forward to 盼望盼望pay attention to 注意注意 give rise to 引起引起be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于習(xí)慣于be addicted to 沉溺于沉溺于stick to 堅持堅持belong to 屬于屬于refer to 提到提到, 涉及到涉及到,查閱查

9、閱3. privilege “ 殊榮殊榮” It was a privilege to know you. 能認識你能認識你真是榮幸之至。真是榮幸之至。 privilege 還表示還表示“特權(quán)特權(quán)”、“權(quán)利權(quán)利” have the privilege to do sth = have the right to do sth “有特權(quán)有特權(quán)(權(quán)利權(quán)利) 干某事干某事” Only members have the privilege to use the ground. the privilege of citizenship/ equality 公民權(quán)公民權(quán)/平等權(quán)平等權(quán)4. otherwise

10、 (adv. conj.) “用別的方法用別的方法, 其他方面其他方面; 否則否則, 不然不然 (or)” He is slow, but otherwise he is a good worker. Seize the chance, otherwise (or) you will regret it. 祈使句祈使句, and (or, otherwise) + 簡單句簡單句 (簡單句常用將來時簡單句常用將來時)1) Hurry up, _ you will be late. A. and B. otherwise C. if D. unless2) Study hard, _ you wi

11、ll pass the exam. A. and B. or C. if D. unless 3) Study hard, _you will not pass the exam. A. and B. otherwise C. if D. unlessBABPhrases StudyPhrases StudyPhrases 1. hear from 收到來信收到來信2. be dying to 渴望渴望 ;極極 想想3. come across (偶然偶然) 碰見、發(fā)現(xiàn)碰見、發(fā)現(xiàn)4. dry out完全變干完全變干; 干透干透; (使使)變干變干5. dry up 干枯干枯; (供應(yīng)供應(yīng),思路

12、思路)枯竭枯竭6. in need 在困難中在困難中; 在危機中在危機中7. stick out 伸出伸出 8. up to 多達多達9. make a difference 有影響有影響; 有作用有作用10. care for 關(guān)心關(guān)心; 照顧照顧; 喜歡喜歡; 想要想要與與hear 相關(guān)的短語相關(guān)的短語:hear about 聽到關(guān)于聽到關(guān)于.的消息的消息hear from 收到收到的來信的來信hear of 聽說聽說, 聽到聽到hear sb. do sth. 聽見某人做了某事聽見某人做了某事hear sb. doing sth. 聽見某人正在做某事聽見某人正在做某事1. hear fr

13、om sb. = receive ones letter 在某些感官動詞如在某些感官動詞如: see, hear, feel, watch, observe, notice, listen to等后等后,既可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語既可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語,也可接也可接不帶不帶to的不定式作賓補。的不定式作賓補。 (1) Did you hear someone _ (laugh) outside?(2) I heard someone _ (read) loudly in the morning.(3) He was heard _ (sing) in the next room.laughingrea

14、dto singThe missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A. playing B. to be playingC. play D. to playA “渴望渴望”的類似說法的類似說法1. have a strong desire for sth.2. be eager to do3. be thirsty for sth.4. desire to do sth. 5. long to do sth. / for sth.2. be dying for/ to do sth. 渴望渴望, 極想極想, 渴望做某事渴望做某事 Im dying

15、 for a piece of cake. I am dying to know where you are from.(1) 我極想出國我極想出國 _(2) 他很渴望喝點酒他很渴望喝點酒 _I am dying to go abroad.He was dying for a little wine.3. come across 偶然遇見偶然遇見/發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn) The boys had never come across anything like this and started jumping out of the windows.她在找東西時偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些舊信件。她在找東西時偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些舊

16、信件。She _ in the course of her search.came across some old letters與與come相關(guān)的短語：相關(guān)的短語：come along 快點快點, 來吧來吧come back 回來回來, 折回折回come from 來自來自, 從從來來come off 從從離開離開, 脫落脫落come out 出來出來, 出版出版come up 走過來走過來, 走近走近come over 過來過來come to 來到來到, 結(jié)果是結(jié)果是Dont forget!(1) I _ some interesting books in the room. A came

17、 about B came across C came out D came off (2) This situation should never have _. A came over B came up C came back D came about(3) How is your work _? A coming along B coming back C coming to D coming upBDA4. dry out (使使)變干變干; 干透干透(1) 他告訴我加熱罐子是為了使剩余的食他告訴我加熱罐子是為了使剩余的食物變干。物變干。 He told me that the ca

18、n was heated to _(2) Water the plant regularly, never letting _. (讓土壤干枯讓土壤干枯)dry out the leftover food.the soil dry out5. dry up (河流，湖泊等河流，湖泊等)干枯干枯; 弄干、曬弄干、曬干、變干干、變干; (供應(yīng)、思路供應(yīng)、思路) 枯竭枯竭(1) During the drought, the river dried up.(2) The writers long separation from social dried up his imagination.(3)

19、太陽很快就會把馬路曬干的太陽很快就會把馬路曬干的 _The sun will soon dry up the roads.6. in need 在困難中在困難中,在危急中在危急中 be in need of sth 需要需要 have the need for sth 對對的需要的需要 according to the need 根據(jù)需要根據(jù)需要句意理解句意理解:A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難朋友才是真朋友?；茧y朋友才是真朋友。(1) 我們應(yīng)該幫助有困難的人。我們應(yīng)該幫助有困難的人。We should help those in need.(2)

20、 他現(xiàn)在很需要一大筆錢。他現(xiàn)在很需要一大筆錢。He now is in great need of much money.7. stick out 伸出伸出, 突出突出 stick out for sth 堅持要求某事物堅持要求某事物 stick to sth 不放棄不放棄(1) She _ (伸出腳伸出腳) and tripped him over.(2) 當(dāng)車開動時不要把頭伸出車窗外。當(dāng)車開動時不要把頭伸出車窗外。 Dont stick your head out of the window while it is running.stuck out her foot (3) Once a

21、 decision has been made, all of us should _ it. A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer toB8. make a difference 有影響有影響, 有作用有作用, 有有差別差別 make no/ a little/ much/ some difference無無/ 有一點有一點/ 有很大有很大/ 有一些差別有一些差別 tell the difference between 說出說出的差的差別別 be different from 與與不同不同 make a difference between

22、 區(qū)分區(qū)分(1) 我們應(yīng)該區(qū)分開對錯。我們應(yīng)該區(qū)分開對錯。 We should make a difference between right and wrong.(2) 對我來說對我來說, 他去不去都沒關(guān)系。他去不去都沒關(guān)系。 It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.(3) Does it _ any difference whether we leave at 9:00 or at 10:00? A. tell B. be C. give D. makeD9. care for 關(guān)心關(guān)心, 照顧照顧; 喜歡喜歡, 想要想要 c

23、are about 在乎，關(guān)心在乎，關(guān)心 take care of 照顧，保管照顧，保管 with care仔細地，認真地仔細地，認真地 be careful of 當(dāng)心，小心當(dāng)心，小心 be careful about 講究講究 be careful for 當(dāng)心，惦記當(dāng)心，惦記(1) 她一點也不在乎我她一點也不在乎我 She doesnt care about me at all.(2) 你想要一杯茶嗎？你想要一杯茶嗎？ Would you care for a cup of tea?1Read the letter about visiting Tombes home again and

24、 underline the sentences which contain restrictive attributive clauses.1 so Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.2 The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.3 and I did visit a village which is the home of

25、one of the boys4 first up a mountain to ridge from where we had fantastic views5 The only possessions I could see were one broom1. I made the jar which _ _.2. Painting is an activity that _ _.her birthdayI gave her forenjoyI really2 Complete each sentence with your own words.3. The interpreter to wh

26、om you _ is on holiday.4. The man who _ _ is a doctor.5. The woman whose daughter _ is over there.need to talkjust marriedmy best friend hasI went to school with6. The school where you _ has been improved.7. Anne is doing some research on the time when her _.studied last yeargrandmother was a child8

27、. The reason why he _ was that he was watching an interview of the first Chinese astronaut on TV. was late for school 定語從句定語從句 I 一、定義：一、定義： 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。 The man who lives next to us is a lawyer. The man is a layer. The man lives next to us. 被修飾的名詞或代詞叫被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞先行詞。引。

28、引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，which，that等和關(guān)系副詞等和關(guān)系副詞where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中擔(dān)任句子成分。系副詞在定語從句中擔(dān)任句子成分。二、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用：二、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用：1. 由由who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句這類定語從句中這類定語從句中who用作主語用作主語, whom作賓語作賓語, whose作定語指人。作定語指人。 This is the man who helped me. 這位是幫過我的那個人。這位是幫過我的那個人。The

29、 Doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位大夫在屋里。你找的那位大夫在屋里。Do you know the man whose name is Liu Xiang? 你認識那個叫劉翔的人嗎？你認識那個叫劉翔的人嗎？2. which引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句 這類從句只能指物，這類從句只能指物，which在從句中在從句中作主語或謂語動詞或介詞的賓語。作主語或謂語動詞或介詞的賓語。 This is the book which you want. 這就是你要的那本書。這就是你要的那本書。 The building which st

30、ands near the river is our school. 河邊的那棟樓是河邊的那棟樓是我們學(xué)校。我們學(xué)校。The room in which there is a machine is a workshop. 有機器的房間是車間。有機器的房間是車間。1) whom，whose，which作介詞賓語作介詞賓語時時, 介詞一般可放在它們之前介詞一般可放在它們之前, 也也可放在從句原來的位置上可放在從句原來的位置上, 在含有在含有介詞的動詞固定詞組中介詞的動詞固定詞組中, 介詞只能介詞只能放在原來的位置上。放在原來的位置上。注意！注意！This is the person whom yo

31、u are looking for. 這位就是你在找的那個人。這位就是你在找的那個人。2) 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時，關(guān)系代引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時，關(guān)系代詞往往用詞往往用which，不用，不用that。 I have lost my book, which I like very much. 注意！注意！3. 由由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句 that在定語從句中可以指人或物在定語從句中可以指人或物, 在從在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語。但不句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語。但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語。能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語。 The letter that I received was

32、from my father. 我收到的那封信是我父親寫給我的。我收到的那封信是我父親寫給我的。 在下面幾種情況下必須用在下面幾種情況下必須用“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句：引導(dǎo)定語從句： 1) 先行詞是不定代詞先行詞是不定代詞: all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。等。 All that we have to do is to practice every Day. 我們要做的就是每天練習(xí)。我們要做的就是每天練習(xí)。注意！注意！2) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾。修飾。 The first l

33、esson that I learned will never be forgotten. 我所學(xué)的第一課永遠也忘不了。我所學(xué)的第一課永遠也忘不了。Bear them in your mind!3) 先行詞被先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾。等修飾。 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 你給我的書我全讀完了。你給我的書我全讀完了。4) 先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the last修修飾時。飾時。He is the only person th

34、at I want to talk to. 他是唯一的我想跟說話的人。他是唯一的我想跟說話的人。5) 先行詞既有人又有物時。先行詞既有人又有物時。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他們他們談?wù)撝麄兡苡浧鸬哪切┰趯W(xué)校的人談?wù)撝麄兡苡浧鸬哪切┰趯W(xué)校的人和事。和事。4. 由由when, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 I know the reason why he came late. 我知道他為什么來晚了。我知道他為什么來晚了。 This is the place

35、 where we lived for 5 years. 這就是我住過五年的地方。這就是我住過五年的地方。 I will never forget the Day when I met Mr. Li. 我永遠也忘不了遇到李先生的那天。我永遠也忘不了遇到李先生的那天。先行詞是表示地點時先行詞是表示地點時, 有時用有時用where，有，有時用時用that (which)引導(dǎo)定語從句。這時引導(dǎo)定語從句。這時要看從句的謂語動詞是及物動詞還是不要看從句的謂語動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞。如果是及物動詞就用及物動詞。如果是及物動詞就用that (which), 否則用否則用where。 This is t

36、he house where he lived last year.這就是我去年住的房子。這就是我去年住的房子。This is the house that (which) he visited last year. 這就是我去年去過的房子。這就是我去年去過的房子。5. 由由as引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句 as可作為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)可作為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句。定語從句。 1. such as “像像一樣的一樣的”， “像像之類之類” the sameas “和和同樣的同樣的注意！注意！ 在這兩個句型中在這兩個句型中, as是關(guān)系代詞是關(guān)系代詞, 其其中中such, sam

37、e做定語做定語, 修飾主句的名詞、修飾主句的名詞、代詞代詞, 這個名詞是這個定語從句的先行這個名詞是這個定語從句的先行詞詞, as在從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表。在從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表。 This is the same thing as we are in need of. Such people as you say are short now.2. such as such為代詞，意思為為代詞，意思為 “這樣的人這樣的人/物物”，as修飾先行詞修飾先行詞such。 This book is not such as I hope.3. the sameas/the same that “用一個用一

38、個” as that都引導(dǎo)定語從句。意思幾乎相都引導(dǎo)定語從句。意思幾乎相同。但從句中省去謂語是必須用同。但從句中省去謂語是必須用as. She is the same age as you that you are.4. , as “有些有些” 在這里在這里, as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句, 相相當(dāng)于當(dāng)于which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句, 有有時可互換。時可互換。 He is from Beijing, as/which they know from the way he speaks.三、注意事項：三、注意事項：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定從中的不同關(guān)系代詞和

39、關(guān)系副詞在定從中的不同成分。成分。a. This is the place where he works. This is the place which (that) we visited last year.b. That was the time when he arrived. Do you still remember the days that (which) we spent together?c. This is the reason why he went. The reason that (which) he gave us was quite reasonable. 1.

40、 Ive read all the books _ you gave me. A. which B. them C. what D. that 2. There isnt much _ I can do. A. what B. which C. that D. how CDI. Choose the right answer. 3. He keeps a record of everything _ he had seen there. A. he B. that C. which D. what 4. Tell us about the people and the places _ are

41、 different from ours. A. that B. who C. which D. whom AB 5. Mr John said that Suzhou was the first city _ he had visited in China. A. that B. where C. which D. what A6. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year. A. which B. what C. whose D. that D7. Last Sunday they

42、 reached Qingdao, _ a conference was to be held. A. which B. that C. when D. where D8. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 9. I began to work in Beijing in the year _ New China was founded. A. when B. that C. which D. where AA 10. This is the very

43、film _ Ive long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 11. There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world. A. that B. which C. who D. what AB12. Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A. who B. that C. which D. whom B 13. This was the supermarket _ I bou

44、ght this kind of tin. A. where B. that C. who D. which 14. The house _ the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery. A. that B. where C. what D. when AA 15. This is the last time _ I shall come here to help you. A. that B. which C. when D. what 16. The house _ we live is not big. A. in that B. wh

45、ich C. in which D. that AC 17. My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. that C. which D. whom C 18. All _ glitters is not gold. A. that B. which C. 不填不填 D. what 19. I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him the way _ he does. A. which B. w

46、hat C. 不填不填 D. now CA 20. Beijing, _ is the capital of China, is a beautiful city. A. that B. it C. which D. 不填不填 21. She was no longer the woman she was. A. that B. which C. what D. who AC 22. Thats the hotel _ last year. A. which we stayed B. at that we stayed C. Where we stayed at D. where we sta

47、yed D23. The doctor did all _ to save the wounded boy. A. what he could B. he could C. everything which he could D. for which he could do B24. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against C25. The place _ you are standing used to be an ol

48、d church. A. which B. where C. that D. when 26. Youve made the same mistake _ you made last time. A. as B. like C. which D. that AB27. It is not such an interesting magazine _ I thought. A. as B. that C. which D. 不填不填 28. _ you know, he is a famous musician. A. As B. which C. That D. 不填不填 AA29. Mr Z

49、hou, _ native language was Chinese, could read and write several foreign languages. A. whose B. his C. which D. that A30. Do you know the actor _ you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear? A. whoB. whom C. whose D. which B31. I took my friend to the Summer Palace, _ we had some photos taken. A.

50、where B. which C. that D. 不填不填 A32. Do you remember the day _ your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts?A. which B. on which C. about which D. 不填不填 B33. The bus, _was already full, was surrounded by an angry crowd. A. which of most B. most of whichC. which of the most D. most of that B34. We all

51、 remember the days _ we studied together at school. A. which B. that C. when D. 不填不填 35. Do you know the reason he didnt come?A. that B. which C. for D. why CD36. I showed the doctor the place _ I felt the pain. A. that B. which C. whereD. when 37. He is the only one of the three got the new idea. A

52、. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whose had CC38. Im one of the students _ well in English in my class. A. who doesB. who do C. which does D. who did B39. This is the baby _ tomorrow. A. after whom I shall look B. whom I shall look afterC. whose I shall look after D. after whom I shall look afte

53、r B40. This is the fastest train _ is going to Nanjing. A. that B. what C. where D. 不填不填 AII. 每空填一詞每空填一詞, 使該句與所給句子的意使該句與所給句子的意思相同或相近。思相同或相近。1. Do not get close to the house. It is under repair. Do not get close to the house_ is under repair.2. The man looks like the actor. Ive heard his songs on TV.

54、 The man looks like the actor _ songs Ive heard on TV.whosethat/which3. The recorder has been stolen. Wang Ping spent all the money on it. The recorder _ _ Wang Ping spent all the money has been stolen.4. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town. There he was born. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he was born.where on whichHOMEWORK 1. Preview the Reading and speaking on Page 34.2. Remember the new words and expressions in this unit and make sentences with them.