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1、專題七三大從句專題七三大從句一、名詞性從句.名詞性從句的種類種類作用熱身訓練先練后背主語從句在復合句中作主語，相當于名詞，一般置于謂語之前，也可用it作形式主語，主語從句放在主句之后_he will come or not doesnt matter much._comes here will be welcome.It is certain_he will come.表語從句在復合句中作表語，相當于名詞，位于系動詞之后It looks_it is going to snow.Whether Whoever that as if 種類作用熱身訓練先練后背賓語從句在復合句中作賓語，相當于名詞He

2、 asked me _ team could win the game.同位語從句放在名詞(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 之后，表明其具體內容You have no idea _worried we are.The fact _he lied again greatly surprised us.which how that . 名詞性從句的引導詞引導連詞that引導連詞whether/if連接代詞what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, w

3、hichever, whomever等連接副詞where, when, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等主語從句不能省略that，不作成分，沒有詞義用whether，不用if。不作成分，“是否”之意what, whatever, which, whichever用來指物，who, whom, whoever, whomever用來指人。連接代詞在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語等連接副詞在名詞性從句中作狀語。賓語從句可以省略that，不作成分，沒有詞義whether和if可以互換，不作成分，“是否”之意表語從句不能省略that，不作成分，沒有詞義

4、用whether，不用if，不作成分，“是否”之意同位語從句不能省略that，不作成分，沒有詞義用whether，不用if，不作成分，“是否”之意熱身訓練先練后背_ I want to know is _ youll return from the United States. _will attend the competition hasnt been decided and it is announced that _ will win will be given a weeks tour to Europe.Whatwhen/how/whetherWhowhoever. 名詞性從句中常

5、考連詞的多義性連詞從句的類型特點熱身訓練先練后背that名詞性從句that不作成分，沒有詞義_is a rule that he gets up at six every morning.定語從句that作主語、賓語，指代先行詞You must do everything _ I do.強調句型that是強調句型的標志，it is.that.去掉后，句子仍然完整It is you _ are wrong.It that that 連詞從句的類型特點熱身訓練先練后背whatever名詞性從句whatever表泛指，意為“無論什么”，作主語、賓語、表語以及定語I shall accept _ yo

6、u buy for me._you do，you must go all out to do it well.讓步狀語從句此時，可以和no matter what互換whatever Whatever 連詞從句的類型特點熱身訓練先練后背what名詞性從句中，what相當于疑問性質的連接代詞“什么，什么樣的”之意。表特指I am not sure _he is up to.名詞性從句中，what相當于關系代詞性質的連接代詞此時，what相當于the things that或all that，“所的，所的事情”_we do must agree with what we have said.wha

7、t What 二、定語從句.定語從句在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫做關系詞。它的作用：一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔當一個成分，并與先行詞保持數(shù)的一致。關系詞先行詞從句成分熱射訓練先練后背備注關系代詞whom人賓語Mr. Smith is the person with _ I am working.whom, which和that在從句中作賓語時，常可以省略，但介詞提前時后面的關系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhose人，物定語I like those books _ topics are about history.The b

8、oy _ father works abroad is my classmate.that人，物主語，賓語A plane is a machine _ can fly.The book _ I gave you was worth $10.which物whom whose whose that/which (that/which) 關系詞先行詞從句成分熱射訓練先練后背備注關系代詞as人，物主語，賓語He is such a person _ is respected by all of us.This is the same pen _ I lost yesterday.as作賓語一般不省略關

9、系副詞when時間時間狀語I will never forget the day _ we met there.關系副詞相當于介詞whichwhere地點地點狀語This is the house _ I was born.why原因原因狀語I cant imagine the reason _ he turned down my offer.as as when/on which where/in which why/for which . 定語從句中， that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別情況用法說明熱身訓練先練后背只用that的情況(1)先行詞為all, everythi

10、ng, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代詞時(2)先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時(3)先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時(4)先行詞既指人又指物時(5)先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(6)句中已經(jīng)有who或which，為了避免重復時He told me everything _he knew.Those _ respect others are usually respected by others.Who is the man _ is making

11、 a speech?He is the only man _ I want to see.I like the person to _ the teacher is talking.All the books _ you offered have been given out.thatwhothatthatwhomthat情況用法說明熱身訓練先練后背只用which, who，whom的情況(1)在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人(2)在由“介詞關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人(3)先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which，先行詞

12、為those, one, he時多用whoThis is the best film _ I have ever seen.We talked about the persons and things _ we remembered.He has a son, _ has gone abroad for further study.thatthatwho. as與which的區(qū)別區(qū)別熱身訓練先練后背限制性定語從句名詞前有such和the same修飾時，關系代詞用as，不能用whichHe is not such a man _ he looks.Dont read such books _

13、you cant understand.They won the game, _ we had expected.They won the game, _ we hadnt expected._ is well known，he is a famous film star in the 1980s.非限制性定語從句as和which都可以指代整個主句。如果有“正如，像”的含義，并且既可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導的從句只能放在主句后，并無“正如”的意思asasaswhichAs三、狀語從句種類連接詞注意點熱身訓練先練后背時間狀語when，whenever，while

14、，as，before，after，until，till，by the time，once，as soon as，hardly.when，no sooner.than，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，instantly主句表示將來意義時，從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時；while引導的從句中動詞一般是延續(xù)性的；until用在肯定句中時，主句動詞是延續(xù)性的；而在否定句中時，主句動詞為短暫性的You should stick to your aim _ it is realized.We shall think the situation over agai

15、n _ any decision is made.The weather is getting colder and colder_the days go on.till/until before as 種類連接詞注意點熱身訓練先練后背地點狀語where，whereverwherever也可引導讓步狀語從句。Please leave the medicine_the children cannot reach.原因狀語because，as，since，now that，in thatbecause語氣最強，since較弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。It was _ Tom had to

16、 attend his mother that he was absent from the party.where because 種類連接詞注意點熱身訓練先練后背條件狀語if，unless，in case，as long as，on condition that，given that，providing that，provided that，only if，if only，assuming that，suppose that，supposing that，when，whether.or從句中動詞時態(tài)不可用將來時，常用一般時代替I wont join the club unless the

17、chairman _ (invite) me._you want to go to a key university, youll have to work harder.In case it _ (rain), well delay our travel.invites If rains 種類連接詞注意點熱身訓練先練后背目的狀語so that，in order that，for fear that，in caseso that和in order that后常接may，should，could，would等情態(tài)動詞I am preparing some dishes in case my fr

18、iend Tom _ (come)this weekend.結果狀語so.that，such.thatHe is _ a lovely boy that all his teachers like essuch種類連接詞注意點熱身訓練先練后背比較狀語than，as.as，not so/as.as，the more.the moreShe is not so kind _we thought.方式狀語as if，as though，asas if 和as though引導的從句一般用虛擬語氣Every student tried doing the experiment _their teach

19、er did.asas種類連接詞注意點熱身訓練先練后背讓步狀語though，although，even if，even though，as，while，no matter what，whatever，no matter who，whoever，no matter which，whichever，no matter how，however，no matter when，wheneveras在讓步狀語從句中常用倒裝形式，此時若句首是名詞，名詞不能帶任何冠詞；while引導的讓步狀語從句常置于主句之前；although和though引導的讓步狀語從句，可與yet連用，但不可與but連用Hard _ she tried, she wasnt able to catch up with others. _ late he gets home, his wife always wait for him to have dinner._ Li Hua is the cleverest of the class, he is also the laziest.asHoweverWhile/Although/Though