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1、路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索吾將上下而求索走向高考走向高考 英語英語人教版人教版 高考總復(fù)習(xí)高考總復(fù)習(xí)語法專題復(fù)習(xí)語法專題復(fù)習(xí)第二部分第二部分專題八動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)專題八動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)第二部分第二部分知知 識(shí)識(shí) 清清 單單2考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 警警 示示3考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 透透 析析1考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 透透 析析 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)是語法填空中必考內(nèi)容之一，動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式都可能考到，不過最?？嫉氖且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，以及一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)還常與非謂語動(dòng)詞一起考查，做語法填空題時(shí)，首先要判斷括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞；若是謂語動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語

2、態(tài)、語氣(陳述語氣還是虛擬語氣)、主謂一致四個(gè)方面。 其次，在確定謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，我們可從三個(gè)方面來進(jìn)行判斷： 1看句子中的時(shí)間狀語或時(shí)間狀語從句。 2在沒有時(shí)間狀語或時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，要看上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。 3看是否是特殊句型等。 例如：Suddenly，he found(find) that he had run out of salt.此題考查時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)槭侵v述的過去的故事，故應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)。另外，在寫作中要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂酶鞣N時(shí)態(tài)，會(huì)使文章更鮮明、生動(dòng)，更能體現(xiàn)一個(gè)考生的英語運(yùn)用功底。知知 識(shí)識(shí) 清清 單單 一、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣

3、性的動(dòng)作客觀真理在某些狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)We always care for each other and help each other.We have 3 classes a day.The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.We will not go to the park if it rains tomorrow.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示一般過去時(shí)過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作在狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)態(tài)We had a test yesterday.We often played toge

4、ther when we were children.He told us he read an interesting novel last night.She told me that she would come to see me when she visited China again.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示一般將來時(shí)will/shall do表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作表示未事先考慮過，即說話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定will在含有條件、時(shí)間狀語從句的主句中表意愿I shall go to swim tomorrow if it is fine.We will die with

5、out air or water.My grandmother will be 90 years old next year.Shell tell you if you ask her.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示一般將來時(shí)be going to do表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，這種打算往往經(jīng)過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備表將來，不能用在含有條件、時(shí)間狀語從句的主句中Im going to stay at home tomorrow.The little boy is going to learn how to play football.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示一般將來時(shí)be to do表示按

6、計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、職責(zé)、可能性等A meeting is to be held at 3 oclock this afternoon.You are to report to the police.he about to to表示“即刻：就要”，一般不與時(shí)間狀語或狀語從句連用Autumn harvest is about to start.He is about to leave for Beijing.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示過去將來時(shí)用would do，was/were going to do sth.表過去將來was/were to do sth.和was

7、/were about to do sth.表過去將來常用于賓語從句和間接引語中，表示過去將要發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài)I knew you would agree.He said he was going to come with us.He said the meeting was to be held the next week.I was about to leave when he came in.He said he would wait until they came back.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)bedoing表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃表示趨向行為的

8、動(dòng)詞，如come，go，start，begin leave等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)與always等連用表示贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等語氣He is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.The National Day is coming.He is always helping others.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行It was raining when they left the

9、station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響表示某一動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來時(shí)He has gone to Shanghai.I have learnt English for three years.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示過去完成時(shí)haddone表示“過去的過去”表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望

10、、打算、意圖、諾言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended等或者h(yuǎn)oped/planned.to have done過去完成時(shí)用于一些固定句型中When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.That was the first time that he had visited Aus

11、tralia.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用法典句例示現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoing用來表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還要繼續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作多與all the time，this week，all night等時(shí)間狀語，以及for和since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用They have been living here for three years.He has been doing the maths problems since 800. 二、動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)用法典句例示被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are done一般過去時(shí)was/were done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/

12、are being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were being done不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者Rice is grown in South China.The glass was broken yesterday.The project is being carried out.This road was being built this time last year.This novel has been translated into 3 languages.各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)用法典句例示被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been done過去完成時(shí)had

13、been done一般將來時(shí)will be done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must be done動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者有較長(zhǎng)的修飾語出于禮貌，不愿說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.The cars will be sent abroad by sea.Oil can be turned into energy by burning it.考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 警警 示示 1下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 (1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞，如like，love，hate，care，rem

14、ember，believe，need等。 (2)表“存在”的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如appear，exist，lie，remain，seem等。 (3)表示一時(shí)性、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如allow，accept，permit等。 (4)表示感官的動(dòng)詞，如see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。 2always，often等頻度副詞與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或表達(dá)某種感情色彩，如贊嘆、不滿、厭煩等。如： The girl is always talking loud in public. 這個(gè)女孩老是當(dāng)眾大聲喧嘩。 3只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但cos

15、t，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to，consist of等及物動(dòng)詞或及物的短語動(dòng)詞也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 4以下情況常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 (1)系動(dòng)詞feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，主語通常是事物。如： The material feels very soft. 這種料子摸起來很柔軟。 (2)write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook，open，close，lock等的否定式或與well，badly，easily等副詞連用，主語由內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能使謂語得以實(shí)現(xiàn)或不能實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)。如： The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。 (3)cook，bake，make，print，pack，work out等動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。如： The fish is cooking. 魚正在煮。