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1、專題六專題六 定語從句定語從句As we all know, he is Harry Potter. He is a handsome boy.Adj.定定語語The one wearing glasses is Harry Potter.分詞作定語分詞作定語The one who wears glasses is Harry Potter.定語從句定語從句 定語的概念：定語的概念：用來修飾名詞、代詞、句子等，在句中的作用用來修飾名詞、代詞、句子等，在句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，定語從句又稱為形容詞性從句。相當(dāng)于形容詞，定語從句又稱為形容詞性從句。 定語的位置：定語的位置：多個形容詞做定語的排列順

2、序多個形容詞做定語的排列順序限定描述大長高，形狀年齡與新老；限定描述大長高，形狀年齡與新老；顏色國籍出材料，用途類別往后靠。顏色國籍出材料，用途類別往后靠。1. another three English books 另外三本英語書另外三本英語書2. some beautiful little red flowers 一些美麗的小紅花一些美麗的小紅花3. an expensive purple cotton dress 一條昂貴的紫色棉裙一條昂貴的紫色棉裙一、定語從句的構(gòu)成一、定語從句的構(gòu)成概念概念: :在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子. .Harry Potter

3、 is a boy who has magic power.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞定語從句定語從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞which, who, whom, that，whosewhere, when, why充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語充當(dāng)狀語充當(dāng)狀語二、關(guān)系代詞二、關(guān)系代詞1）先行詞為人時，用who作主或賓，whom作賓語；2）先行詞為物或整個句子時，用which 作主或賓；3）先行詞為人、物時用that ，作主語或賓語；4）whose用作定語，可指人或物；1.He is the man who/that wants to see you .2.He is

4、 the man whowhom/that I saw yesterday. 3.A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.4.The luggage (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.5.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.作賓語可省略作賓語可省略關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 when（指時間，從句中作時間狀語） where（指地點

5、，從句中作地點狀語） why（指原因，從句中作原因狀語）1.1980 was the year when he was born. 2.I havent seen him since the year when he went abroad3.Tomorrow I will go to the town where I was born.4.The factory where I work will close down.5. These are the reasons why we do it. 6.I really dont know the reason why he was late

6、again.總結(jié)關(guān)系代詞總結(jié)關(guān)系代詞：先行詞為先行詞為人人 who，whom， that （主、賓主、賓）先行詞為先行詞為物物 which ，that（主、賓主、賓）先行詞為先行詞為人人或或物物 whose（定）定）關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞有：有：when，where，why （狀）狀） 如何選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞如何選用定語從句的關(guān)系詞 1.首先分清主句和定語從句首先分清主句和定語從句 2.確定定語從句的先行詞，并放到定語確定定語從句的先行詞，并放到定語從句判斷其語法成分從句判斷其語法成分 3.若先行詞在從句中做若先行詞在從句中做主語、賓語或定主語、賓語或定語語則選擇則選擇關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 若在從句中

7、做若在從句中做狀語，狀語，則選擇則選擇關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞（2011山東）The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other. A. theyB. whereC. whatD. that(2011浙江) A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there高頻考點

8、一 關(guān)系詞的選擇三、定語從句的分類限制性定語從句起修飾限制作用，非限制性定語從句只起補(bǔ)充附加說明作用，用逗號隔開，如果去掉，主句意思仍然清楚由which，who，whom，whose，where，when （除that；why）等引導(dǎo)，一律不許省略I have a sister who works in a bank.我有一個在銀行工作的姐姐。I have a sister, who works in a bank.我有一個姐姐，在銀行工作。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which

9、I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 高頻考點二 非限制性定語從句（2011浙江） English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. wh

10、ichB. what C. them D. those（2011江蘇）Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. whichThe meeting was put off, _ was exactly what we expected. A. that B. where C. which D. what四、四、That與與which的區(qū)別（先行詞必須是物）的區(qū)別（先行詞必須是物）1.只用that，不用which

11、的情況：a.當(dāng)先行詞有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時；b.當(dāng)先行詞前有the only, the very （正好）, the last, all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等詞修飾時；c.當(dāng)先行詞為anything, nothing, something, everything, all, little, much, none,the one等指物的不定代詞時；d.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時e.當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時f.有兩個定語從句時，一個宜用which，另一個宜用that例句：Do you have anything tha

12、t you want to say for yourself?You should hand in all that you have.This is the very bus that Im waiting for. This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 2.只用which，不用that的情況：a. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時；b. 引導(dǎo)詞

13、前有介詞時；c. 一個句子中若有兩個定語從句，一個用that引導(dǎo)，另一個用which引導(dǎo)；e.g. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.補(bǔ)充：(只能用who: 當(dāng)those指人時并作先行詞)； 五、五、“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句 固定兩種搭配，且不能省略：介詞+which指物 介詞+whom指人根據(jù)以下方式判斷：1.謂語動詞的固定搭配 e.g. Whos the trainer with whom you jus

14、t shook hands?2.先行詞在從句中的成分 e.g. Ill never forget the day on whichwhen I joined the party. 3.在非限制性定語從句中，名詞代詞+of+ whichwhom 表示整體與部分的關(guān)系e.g. The workers, some of whom stayed for four years, came from different countries. Have you seen the book, the cover of which is yellow?當(dāng)先行詞是物時當(dāng)先行詞是物時，whosen.then.of

15、which或或of whichthen.如：如：He lives in the room of which the window faces south.4.介詞的位置一般位于代詞前，有時也在句末e.g. This is the hero we are proud.This is the pen I wrote the letter. This is the hero we are proud of.This is the pen I wrote the letter with5.有時可替代為“介詞+whichwhom+ to do”The poor man has no house in w

16、hich he can live.The beggar has no money that he can buy food with.thatwhowhom可省略可省略thatwhich可省略可省略of whomwith which介詞的運(yùn)用1. Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，_he got a good opportunity for further development.Aafter thatBafter whichCafter it Dafter this2. Gun control is a

17、subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.Aof which Bwith whichCabout which Dinto which考點鏈接考點鏈接B Bc c3. The house I grew up _has been taken down and replaced by an office building.Ain it BinCin that Din which4. He studied at a local grammar school for six years, _ he went on to Cambridge.A. fr

18、om which B. after thatC. after which D. from thisB Bc c六、關(guān)系代詞as 引導(dǎo)限制性時引導(dǎo)限制性時：as 從句的先行詞必須是是the same, such, 或被這兩個詞所修飾：固定句式such +（名詞）+as 像之類的 the same +（名詞）+as 和同樣的1. We have found the same materials as are used in their factory.2. These house are sold at such a low price as people excepted.3. The resu

19、lt was not such as he expected.代詞區(qū)別：He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. He is such a clever boy as everyone likes him.可在從句中作主語，賓語，表語可在從句中作主語，賓語，表語可以引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性可以引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性引導(dǎo)非限制性時引導(dǎo)非限制性時，必須區(qū)分as與which的不同：1.as意為“正如”，位置靈活, 引導(dǎo)的從句可位于句前，句中，句末 which意為“這一點”，從句只能位于主句后As is known to everybody, the moon t

20、ravels round the earth.習(xí)慣用語：as we all know= as is known to all as we have excepted; as is mentioned above2. as 作主語，后常接被動語態(tài)，如行為動詞: be knownsaid reported announced excepted 等 She has been absent again, as is excepted. Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy.1. Mount Wuyi is such an attr

21、active place of interest _ everyone likes to visit.Athat BasCwhich DWhat2. Whenever I met her，_was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.Awho B ThatCas Dwhich3. A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses，_has happened in Iraq.Awhat BasCthat DoneB BB Bc c4.I dont like_ as you read.

22、A. the novelsB. the such novelsC. such novelsD. same novels5.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as wereB. which wasC. as was D. which6.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. thatB. whichC. as D. itc cB Bc c七、關(guān)系副詞的替代七、關(guān)系副詞的替代當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語時，要用關(guān)系副詞。When=表時間

23、的介詞（inatonduring等）+whichWhere=表地點的介詞（inatonunder等）+whichWhy= 表原因的介詞（for）+which1.This is the room where we lived last year.2.He took out a piece of paper where were written some words.3.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.4.These are the reasons why we do it.5.China is the birth pla

24、ce of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. (為了表達(dá)清楚)1.（05廣東，35）Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that2.Do you know the year _the C

25、hinese Communist Party was founded?A. in which B.that C.which D.on which3. (2005蘇州,29) Is there a bookshop around _ I can buy an English and Chinese dictionary?A. which B. whereC. that D. what八、高考試題中的幾種特殊用法(1)Where表達(dá)地點的模糊化，當(dāng)先行詞是situation, point, case, stage，occasion，spot等表示某人或物的情景、狀況形勢的詞時，常用where或in

26、 which引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：Can you imagine a situation where/ in which you can use the word?They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. (2)當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是way(方式，方法方式，方法)，且在從句中作，且在從句中作方式狀語方式狀語時時先行詞先行詞 the wayDo you know the way in which he worked out the problem?I dont like the way that y

27、ou talk to your mother. 區(qū)別區(qū)別：The way that he explained to us was quite simple. in which that Im not clear about the reason for which he did it. why he did it that he did it.先行詞先行詞 the reason for which why that （3）reason 作先行詞時且作原因狀語的使用作先行詞時且作原因狀語的使用（4）從句的人稱、數(shù)與先行詞應(yīng)該保持一致）從句的人稱、數(shù)與先行詞應(yīng)該保持一致1.The Great Wa

28、ll is one of the world-famous buildings that draw a lots of visitors.2.The Great Wall is the only one of the world-famous buildings that draws a lots of visitors.3.Great changes have taken place in china, as is known to all.4.I, who am your teacher, will try my best to help you.5.To own a computer i

29、n families, which we thought was impossible 20 years ago, now becomes true.(5)先行詞先行詞time “次數(shù)”時用that，可省略； “一段時間，時代”時用when或介詞+whichThis is the second time that the president has visited the country.There was a time whenduring which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. 1. Its helpful to p

30、ut children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.Athat BwhenCwhich DWhere2.This is one of the best films_.A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked3. This is the last time _ I shall give you a lesson. A. when B that C which

31、D in which 4. Well have a meeting and discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.A. which B. asC. why D. where 5. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in thatC. the way which D. the way of which6. -What do you think of teaching, Bob?-I find it

32、fun and challenging. It is a job_ you are doing something serious but interesting.A. where B. which C. when D. that關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞及其用法小結(jié)及其用法小結(jié)關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 指代指代 在定從中在定從中 省略否省略否 who whom whose which that 人人作作主主語語/賓賓語語人人作作賓賓語語人人/物物(的的)作作定定語語(+n)事事/物物作作主主語語/賓賓語語人人/物物 作作主主語語/賓賓語語關(guān)系代詞在關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中定語從句中作賓語時作賓語時可可以以省略省略 t

33、hat 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 指代指代 在定從中在定從中 省略否省略否 when where why介詞介詞+which作作時間時間狀語狀語介詞介詞+which介詞介詞for+which作作地點地點狀語狀語作作原因原因狀語狀語不可以不可以省略省略考綱解讀：考綱解讀：1.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞why,when,where 的用法的用法2. 介詞介詞+which，介詞，介詞+whom的介詞選擇的介詞選擇3. 非限制性定語從句：非限制性定語從句：as和和which的用法的用法4. 定語從句與其他從句的區(qū)別定語從句與其他從句的區(qū)別命題趨勢：命題趨勢：1.主要考查非限制性定語從句；主要考查非限制性定語從句；2.介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞