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1、語法復習專題一語法復習專題一 強調(diào)句強調(diào)句 解讀考綱：解讀考綱：1. 掌握不同類型的強調(diào)；掌握不同類型的強調(diào)；2. 區(qū)分區(qū)分it iswasthat強調(diào)句與強調(diào)句與其它句型其它句型1.利用詞語進行強調(diào)利用詞語進行強調(diào)1)用助動詞用助動詞“do（doesdid）動詞原形）動詞原形”來表示強調(diào)。來表示強調(diào)。He does know the place wellDo write to me when you get there2)用形容詞用形容詞very，only，single，such等修飾名詞或形容等修飾名詞或形容詞來加強語氣。詞來加強語氣。Thats the very textbook we

2、used last term這正是我們上學期用過的教材。You are the only person here who can speak ChineseNot a single person has been in the shop this morning今天上午這個商店里連一個人都沒有。How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢買這么貴的寶石呢？3) 用用ever，never，very，right, just等副詞和等副詞和badly，highly，really等帶有等帶有-ly的副詞來進行強調(diào)。的副詞來進行強調(diào)。Why ever did y

3、ou do so？你究竟為什么要這么做？He never said a word the whole dayYouve got to be very，very carefulThis is just what I wanted這正是我所要的。He was badly wounded他傷得很嚴重。I really dont know what to do next我的確不知道下一步該怎么做。4）用）用IN THE WORLD，ON EARTH（究竟），（究竟），AT ALL等介詞短語可以表達更強的語氣（常用等介詞短語可以表達更強的語氣（常用于疑問句）。于疑問句）。WHERE IN THE WOR

4、LD COULD HE BE？他到底會在哪兒？WHAT ON EARTH IS IT？它究竟是什么？DO YOU KNOW AT ALL？你到底知不知道？2. 利用句型進行強調(diào)利用句型進行強調(diào)1）用感嘆句來表示強調(diào)。）用感嘆句來表示強調(diào)。來表示強烈的感情，突出說話人的情感。HOW INTERESTING A STORY IT IS！ OH，WHAT A LIE！啊，真是彌天大謊！2）用倒裝句進行強調(diào)）用倒裝句進行強調(diào)用倒裝句（也就是將要強調(diào)的句子或被強調(diào)的部分置于句首）來加強語氣。 ON THE TABLE WERE SOME FLOWERS強調(diào)地點 MANY A TIME HAVE I CL

5、IMBED THAT HILL ONLY IN THIS WAY CAN WE SOLVE THIS PROBLEM3）使用強調(diào)句型進行強調(diào)）使用強調(diào)句型進行強調(diào)強調(diào)句型：It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其他部分It was on Monday night that all this happened所有這一切發(fā)生在周一晚上。Its me that he blamed他怪的是我。 The old man spent a whole morning repairing that old bicycle.It is the old man that/who spent a

6、whole morning repairing that old bicycle.It is a whole morning that the old man spent repairing that bicycle.陳述句：陳述句： It is/ was + 被強調(diào)部分（主語、賓語或狀語）+ that/ who（當強調(diào)主語且主語指人）+ 其它部分。 e.g. He met Li Ping yesterday.一般疑問句：一般疑問句：只需把is/ was提到it前面, Is/ was it+ + that/ who? e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li P

7、ing?特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句：被強調(diào)部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？ e.g. When and where was it that you were born? 如何判斷強調(diào)句：如何判斷強調(diào)句： 1. It is/ was + + that/ who中it本身沒有詞義，只用that, who并且不可省略；2. be的時態(tài)只用兩種， is/ was, 必須與原句保持一致，原句是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時，用It was ，其余的時態(tài)用It is 。3. It is/ was + + that/ who同時去掉原句不缺

8、成分，依舊完整It was yesterday that I saw him off at the airport. It is I thatwho am your English teacher.1. 對比： It was Li Leis brother that you met in the street yesterday.It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V.將句中的It is/ was + + that/ who同時去掉，句子依舊成立2. 對比：It was the English book th

9、at I bought yesterday.It is an English book (which that) I bought yesterday.強調(diào)句的be必須與that后的時態(tài)一致，引導詞只用that 和who, 主語從句主語從句定語從句定語從句3. 對比：對比：It is such an interesting book that we all like very much.It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much.強調(diào)句的it不作任何成分，無實際意義，只起強調(diào)作用結果狀語從句結果狀語從句考綱要求考綱要

10、求強調(diào)句在高考中一般都不是以直接陳述句形式出現(xiàn)的，往往以一般疑問句式或特殊疑問句式出現(xiàn)；一. 注意判斷該句是否是強調(diào)句；二. 牢記一般疑問句和特殊疑問句WHEN WAS IT THAT YOU WERE BORN? I WONDER WHEN IT WAS THAT YOU WERE BORN.三. 牢記 not until 句型的強調(diào)句It is/ was not until + 被強調(diào)部分 + that + 其它部分 e.g. He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 強調(diào)句：It was not until his wife c

11、ame back that he went to bed.注意：此句型只用until，不用till； 句型中It is/ was not 已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。例：1. It was not until 11 oclock the experiment. A. did he finish B. that he finished C. when they finished D. that did he finish解析：It is/ was not until + 被強調(diào)部分 + that + 其它部分 2. -“How was _ they discov

12、ered the entrance to the underground palace？” - “Totally by chance.” A. it that B. he that C. it whenD. he which典型陷阱題分析典型陷阱題分析 1. _ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. A. It was we being late B. It was our being lateC. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late 【陷阱陷

13、阱】此題容易誤選此題容易誤選D，認為強調(diào)，認為強調(diào)because we were late.【分析分析】但實際上，此題的答案為但實際上，此題的答案為B，強調(diào)的是句子主語，強調(diào)的是句子主語 our being late，此題若還原成非強調(diào)句，即為：，此題若還原成非強調(diào)句，即為： Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. 典型陷阱題分析典型陷阱題分析 2. -“Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday？” -“It was

14、 in the hall _ the students often have a meeting.” A. where B. which C. that D. when 【陷阱陷阱】很可能誤選很可能誤選C，認為這是一個強調(diào)句，強調(diào)地點，認為這是一個強調(diào)句，強調(diào)地點狀語狀語 in the hall. 【分析分析】假若選假若選C，該句的意思是，該句的意思是“學生們通常是在大學生們通常是在大廳開會廳開會”，但若將其與上文聯(lián)系起來看，則不通；假若，但若將其與上文聯(lián)系起來看，則不通；假若將答句改為將答句改為 It was in the hall that I found the professor，則完

15、全可以。則完全可以。典型陷阱題分析典型陷阱題分析 3. It was what he meant rather than what he said _ annoyed me. A. which B. as C. what D. that 【陷阱陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。 【分析分析】此題為一個強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)成分為此題為一個強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)成分為 what he meant rather than what he said.句意為句意為“讓我生氣的不是讓我生氣的不是他說的話，而是他話中的意思他說的話，而是他話中的意思”。 （1） It was his nervous

16、ness in the interview _ probably lost him the job. A. which B. since C. that D. what （2） It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it 典型陷阱題分析典型陷阱題分析4. Was it five oclock _the fire broke out？ A. when B. that C. which D. in which 【陷阱陷阱

17、】容易誤選容易誤選B，誤認為這是強調(diào)句。，誤認為這是強調(diào)句。 【分析分析】在強調(diào)句中，若去掉強調(diào)句的結構詞在強調(diào)句中，若去掉強調(diào)句的結構詞 it is wasthat，句子結構仍然完整。此題選，句子結構仍然完整。此題選A，可分析為：，可分析為：it 表時間，表時間，when the fire broke out 為時間狀語從句，全為時間狀語從句，全句意為句意為“火災是火災是5點鐘發(fā)生的嗎？點鐘發(fā)生的嗎？”比較下面一題：比較下面一題： Was it at five oclock _the fire broke out？ A. when B. that C. which D. in which 典

18、型陷阱題分析典型陷阱題分析 5. _ was very _ that little Jim wrote the letter. A. It, careful B. It, carefully C. He, careful D. He, carefully 【陷阱陷阱】最有可能誤選的可能是最有可能誤選的可能是A，認為這是一個普通，認為這是一個普通的系表結構。的系表結構。 【分析分析】其實，此題是一個強調(diào)句，其非強調(diào)形式為其實，此題是一個強調(diào)句，其非強調(diào)形式為 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. It was when she was about

19、 to go to bed _ the telephone rang. A. since B. as C. that D. then 答案選答案選C，被強調(diào)成分為，被強調(diào)成分為 when she was about to go to bed 這一時間狀語從句。這一時間狀語從句。 闖關訓練闖關訓練1.（2006北京）I think we have met the word before.Yes. It is in the reading material _ we _ reading yesterday.A. that; did B. that; were C. when; wereD. whe

20、n; did答案：答案：B，本題考查強調(diào)句型。2. It is these poisonous products _can cause the headache.A. whoB. that C. howD. what答案：答案：B，被強調(diào)部分these poisonous products是句子的主語，其他部分有連詞that引導。闖關訓練闖關訓練3.(2004上海,43 )Why! I have nothing to confess. _ you want to say?A. What is it thatB. What it is thatC. How is it that D. How i

21、t is that答案：答案：A該題考查了強調(diào)句式的特殊疑問句形式。即:What is it that you want me to say? 4.(2005全國,30) It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply.A. since B. when C. as D. that答案：答案：D本題強調(diào)not until., 要注意not until 在it is.that的強調(diào)句中不能分開。闖關訓練闖關訓練5. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the

22、two sides will work towards peace.”A. This isB. There isC. That isD. It is答案：答案：Dit作形式主語，that從句是真正的主語。6. Was it in 2001, when he was still at middle school, _ this boy became expert at computer?A. whichB. whereC. whenD. that答案：答案：D本題在強調(diào)句中間插入了一個定語從句修飾2001，做題時可以去掉，強調(diào)句的結構就一目了然。本節(jié)重點：本節(jié)重點：一一. 注意判斷句子是否是強調(diào)

23、句；注意判斷句子是否是強調(diào)句；二二. 牢記一般疑問句和牢記一般疑問句和特殊疑問句特殊疑問句三三. 牢記牢記 not until 句型的強調(diào)句句型的強調(diào)句It is/ was not until + 被強調(diào)部分被強調(diào)部分 + that + 其它部分其它部分派生詞 DERIVATION 1.表示否定的前綴：表示否定的前綴：un-non-in-dis-im-il-ir-unfair, unhappynonsmoker, non-violentinactive, inhuman, indirectdisagree, disappear impolite, impossibleillegalirregu

24、lar.前綴前綴 (prefix) ：2.表示錯誤或失當?shù)那熬Y:mis- misjudge, misdirect(誤導), misunderstand3.表示向背的前綴:pro-anti-pro-Chinese, pro-Americanantiwar, anti-Japanese war4.表示程度、大小的前綴super- over- mini-under- semi-superstar, supermarket,superman, superpoweroverhead, overeat, overuseminibus, miniskirt, minicarunderground, unde

25、rdeveloped, underlinesemicircle, semiskilled, semitone5.表示時間的前綴pre-post-fore-prewar, preview, pre-existpostwar, postdateforetell, forecast, foresee, weather forcast6.表示方位的前綴：sub-inter-trans-subway, submarine, subcultureinternational, intercity, interclass, interactiontranslate, transatlantic, transf

26、orm后綴：后綴：不改變詞根的基本意義，而是改變了詞性。1.動詞變名詞：-ationsatisfaction, education, realization-ment development, movement, disappointment-alarrival, refusal, revival-eeemployee, interviewee-erteacher, worker, farmer-orvisitor, sailor, director2.形容詞變名詞：-ness-ity-ismhappiness, carelessnessability, possibility Marxism

27、, criticism3. 名詞、形容詞變動詞：-ify-ize-enbeautify, simplifyrealizequicken, widen, sharpen4.名詞變形容詞：-y-ish-some-ous-ful-less-lywindy, rainy, sandy, lucky, salty, funnyfoolish, feverish, selfish , childishhandsome, troublesome, awesomedangerous, humorous, serioushelpful, careful, peaceful，usefulcareless, use

28、less, hopeless, homelessfriendly, lively, lonely, weekly, motherly合成詞合成詞 Compounding ：復合詞通常由兩個或兩個以上的詞構成復合詞通常由兩個或兩個以上的詞構成handbook, snowfall, bookstoredark-red, world-famous, light-blue, sight-see, outlinemoreovern.adj.v.adv.轉化詞轉化詞(Conversion)本冊出現(xiàn)了本冊出現(xiàn)了名詞名詞轉化為轉化為動詞動詞的用法的用法,使使得動詞更豐富得動詞更豐富,更形象更形象,更生動更生動

29、.1.常用的轉化為動詞的名詞有：常用的轉化為動詞的名詞有：head, eye, name, book, dress, diet, mail, face, work, answer, nurse2.有些動詞可以轉化為名詞：有些動詞可以轉化為名詞：love, doubt, laugh, work, help, look, watch, record, stop, break, guess, change, ship,train本模塊的重點是本模塊的重點是n. v.，主要有以下幾種轉主要有以下幾種轉化形式：化形式：1.人體部位活用為動詞：head, finger, hand, face2.某些物質名

30、詞活用為動詞：water, snow, flower, waste3.對某些人的稱謂用做動詞: nurse, host, guide, mother4.一些表示心態(tài)的抽象名詞用做動詞：interest, disappoint, surprise名詞和動詞轉化時應注意：名詞和動詞轉化時應注意：1.有時不改變意思，有時相應地變化 picture n. 畫，照片， v. 用圖表示、描述2.有時形式不變，但讀音有變 house vt. /hauz/ use vt./ju:z/但也有一些帶后綴的派生詞僅僅改變詞義：但也有一些帶后綴的派生詞僅僅改變詞義：Kingdom: “職位、狀態(tài)” Boyhood: “身份，資格”Friendship: “情態(tài)、狀態(tài)、性質、 身份、職業(yè)、技巧、技能”Spoonful：構成名詞freedomchildhoodleadership, hardshipmouthfulhandful