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1、對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)P P225 225 語(yǔ)法歸納歸納語(yǔ)法歸納語(yǔ)法 分類(lèi)詳解分類(lèi)詳解在句子中起定語(yǔ)作用,修飾句中的名詞或代詞的從句為定語(yǔ)從句,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句有關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that,as和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在從句中擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分。1關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(1)who指人,在從句中作主語(yǔ)(不可省)或作賓語(yǔ)(可省)。如:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.正在和我父親握手的那個(gè)人是警察。The professor
2、 (who) you wish to see has come.你想見(jiàn)的教授已經(jīng)到了。(2)whom指人,在從句中作賓語(yǔ),可省,但當(dāng)其前面有介詞時(shí)不能省。如:Mrs.Smith (whom)you met yesterday is a friend of mine.你昨天見(jiàn)到的史密斯夫人是我的朋友。The man to whom you turned for help last Sunday is my teacher.上周日你求助的人是我的老師。(3)whose通常指人,也可以指物,在從句中作定語(yǔ)。如:This is the scientist whose name is known all
3、 over the country.這就是那位著名的科學(xué)家。(4)which指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)(不可省)或作賓語(yǔ)(可省)。如:Guilin is a city which has a history of 2,000 years.桂林是座具有2,000年歷史的城市。The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which) he had lost on the train.那個(gè)年輕人領(lǐng)回了他在火車(chē)上丟失的金戒指,非常高興。(5)that既可指人又可指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)(不可省)或賓語(yǔ)(可省)。如:There are some
4、films (that) Id like to see.有幾部電影我想去看。She is the only one among us that knows French.她是我們當(dāng)中唯一懂法語(yǔ)的人。2關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(1)when表示時(shí)間,在從句中作狀語(yǔ),先行詞通常是表示時(shí)間的名詞(如time,day,hour,year.等)。如:October 1,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國(guó)成立的日子。(2)where表示地點(diǎn),在從句中作狀語(yǔ),先行詞通常是表示地點(diǎn)的
5、名詞(如place,room,house,street,area等)。如:This is the place where my mother was born.這是我母親出生的地方。(3)why表示原因,在從句中作狀語(yǔ),先行詞通常是reason。如:I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today.我不知道她為什么今天不高興。3關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as用作關(guān)系代詞,既可以單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,也可以與主句中的the same或such相呼應(yīng),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常省略。如:We jumped for joy at the news,as was
6、 natural.我們聽(tīng)到消息時(shí)高興得跳了起來(lái),這是很自然的事情。We do the same work as they(do)我們和他們干同樣的活。I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.我希望得到他正在用的那種字典。4限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(1)有些定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞具有限制的作用,這種從句叫做限制性定語(yǔ)從句。這類(lèi)從句不能省掉,否則句意就不完整;這類(lèi)從句也不和主句用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。如:He is the man (whom)I want to see.他就是我想見(jiàn)的人。(2)有些定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)跟先行詞的關(guān)系并不十分的密切,只是作一些附加
7、說(shuō)明,不起限定作用,這種從句叫做非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。這類(lèi)從句通常用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi),而且這類(lèi)從句除了可以修飾前面的一個(gè)詞外,有時(shí)還可以修飾前面整句所講的內(nèi)容。翻譯時(shí),通常把這類(lèi)從句當(dāng)作單句來(lái)譯。如:Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of my fathers.張先生昨天來(lái)看我,他是我父親的一位朋友。Light travels faster than sound,as is known to us.As is known to us,light travels faster than sound.眾所周知,光速比聲速快。5關(guān)
8、系代詞that與which的用法區(qū)別(1)which之前可以有介詞,但that則不能用在介詞之后。如:This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.這是魯迅住過(guò)的房子。(2)which可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,that不能。如:He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.他數(shù)學(xué)沒(méi)及格,使他父親非常生氣。(3)都指物時(shí),在以下的情況下只用that,而不用which。當(dāng)先行詞是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,muc
9、h,little,few等不定代詞時(shí)。如:That is all that I want to say.這就是我想說(shuō)的全部?jī)?nèi)容。There is nothing that I could do for you.我?guī)筒簧夏忝?。?dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),如:The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他們?cè)诠鹆謪⒂^的第一個(gè)景點(diǎn)是象鼻山。當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),如:This is the best film that I have ever seen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。當(dāng)先行詞被the very,t
10、he only,the just等修飾時(shí),如:This is the very dictionary (that) I want to buy.這正是我要買(mǎi)的字典。6關(guān)系代詞that與who的用法區(qū)別(1)用who不用that的情況:先行詞為those(指人)時(shí),如:Those who were not fit for the job would not come.不適合這項(xiàng)工作的人就不來(lái)了。先行詞為one,ones(均指人),people或anyone時(shí),如:The man I want to learn from is one who is always ready to help oth
11、ers.我要向助人為樂(lè)的人學(xué)習(xí)。一句中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,且先行詞指人時(shí),一個(gè)用that,另一個(gè)宜用who。如:The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is a monitor who is very modest.昨天會(huì)上受到表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)同學(xué)是一位非常謙虛的班長(zhǎng)。(2)用that不用who的情況:當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句用that不用who,如:He talked about the people and the village that he had visited.他談起了所參觀的村莊和拜訪的村民。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是以who或which開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句用that不用who,如:Who is the person that is standing at the gate?站在門(mén)口的人是誰(shuí)?Which of you that knows something about physics does not know this?學(xué)過(guò)物理的人中有哪一個(gè)不知道這一點(diǎn)?對(duì)應(yīng)專(zhuān)題對(duì)應(yīng)專(zhuān)題 分類(lèi)訓(xùn)練分類(lèi)訓(xùn)練 溫溫示示提提馨馨