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1、 精品資料 主 語(yǔ) 從 句 Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing 一、定義 在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句即為主語(yǔ)從句。 What made her happy was that she won the game in such an important match. 令她高興的是在這么重要的比賽中她獲勝了。 It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games. 她兒子一直在玩電腦游戲，這讓這個(gè)女人很擔(dān)心。 二、引導(dǎo)

2、主語(yǔ)從句的詞及其在句中的功能 1．連接詞that和whether/if。 (1)that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，僅起連接作用，但不能省略。 That she could come to help us made us very happy. 她能來(lái)幫助我們使我們很高興。 That the big earthquake had killed many people frightened people all over the world. 大地震使很多人喪生令世界震驚。 (2)whether/if引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，起連接作用，但有自己的意義，也不可

3、省略。 Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference. 我們乘火車(chē)還是乘船沒(méi)差別。 It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out. 這個(gè)計(jì)劃是否會(huì)實(shí)施還不知道。 [點(diǎn)津]　whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主語(yǔ)。 1 (山東高考改編)It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in the store.

4、2．連接代詞有who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等。連接代詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。 Who will take his place is not important. 誰(shuí)將代替他并不重要。 What role he will play in the film hasn't been known. 在這部電影中他將扮演什么角色還不知道。 Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to othe

5、rs. 無(wú)論你在業(yè)余時(shí)間做什么都不應(yīng)該傷害其他人。 2 (北京高考改編)What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 3．連接副詞有when, where, how, why等。連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been decided. 英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒(méi)有決定。 When we will have a meeting is an important

6、 question. 我們何時(shí)舉行會(huì)議是一個(gè)重要的問(wèn)題。 Why John was late for the class has been unexplained. 約翰為什么上課遲到還沒(méi)有說(shuō)明。 3 (陜西高考改編)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 三、主語(yǔ)從句與形式主語(yǔ)it 1．It be＋名詞詞組＋主語(yǔ)從句 常用于這種句型的名詞詞組有a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder等。 It's a pity

7、(that) you can't attend my birthday party. 很可惜你不能參加我的生日聚會(huì)。 It's no wonder that she speaks English so well. 難怪她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得那么好。 2．It be＋形容詞＋主語(yǔ)從句 It is obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. 很明顯咖啡店的經(jīng)理在等李方離開(kāi)。 It is very important that a student (should) learn Engli

8、sh well. 學(xué)生學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。 3．It be＋過(guò)去分詞＋主語(yǔ)從句 It's suggested that the old man (should) go to the countryside to have a rest. 建議這位老人到鄉(xiāng)村去休息一下。 It is said that that is where the famous singer was born. 據(jù)說(shuō)，那兒就是那位著名的歌星出生的地方。 4．It＋不及物動(dòng)詞(happen, seem, appear, etc.)＋主語(yǔ)從句 It seems to me that you disagree to

9、the plan. 在我看來(lái)，你好像不贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃。 It happened to me that I had been away when he called. 他打電話(huà)時(shí)，我正好不在家。 5．It＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋that從句 It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly. 讓他吃驚的是他們突然來(lái)看他。 It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的頭發(fā)在變白，這讓她有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心。 4 ①(陜西高考改編)It remains to be seen w

10、hether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice. ②(江西高考改編)It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. 四、主語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng) 1．從句的語(yǔ)序：在任何情況下，主語(yǔ)從句都用陳述語(yǔ)序。 Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 你們誰(shuí)第一個(gè)到達(dá)這里誰(shuí)就獲獎(jiǎng)。 How he succeeded is still a puzzle. 他是

11、如何成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。 2．主謂一致 (1)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式；但what和who引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有時(shí)主句謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)應(yīng)與主句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞保持一致。 What they need are books. 他們需要的是書(shū)。 What they need is love. 他們需要的是關(guān)愛(ài)。 (2)如果由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 他們將

12、在什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身以及要去哪里還沒(méi)定下來(lái)。 When and where the meeting will be held has not been decided. 會(huì)議將在什么時(shí)候以及在哪里舉行還沒(méi)定下來(lái)。 3．whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中，如果用了形式主語(yǔ)it，引導(dǎo)詞whether可以換成if。如果whether從句在句首或后面直接跟有or not時(shí)，不能用if替換。 Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided.(此時(shí)whether與if不可互換) ＝It is not decided yet whether/if th

13、ey will sell the house.(此時(shí)whether與if可互換) 他們還沒(méi)有決定是否賣(mài)掉這所房子。 Ⅰ.選詞填空 1．That fashion differs from country to country may reflect a cultural difference. 2．What she couldn't understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in science. 3．Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is w

14、orth praising. 4．Whatever book you borrow, you must return it in a week. 5．Who will go to the concert is not known. 6．Whether he can do it is a problem. 7．Why he was turned down the invitation was not clear. 8．Which kinds of books they will buy needs considering. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．What is required in

15、the regulations that you should not tell people the password of your e-mail account.What改為It或that前加is 2．If we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.If改為Whether 3．Where shall we spend the holiday hasn't been decided.shall_we改為we_shall 4．That is certain that we can win.That改為It 5．No matter

16、 who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.No_matter_who改為Whoever 解決問(wèn)題類(lèi)說(shuō)明文 6．It is not certain if the policemen will come or not.if改為whether 請(qǐng)自擬題目寫(xiě)一篇解決交通堵塞的短文。詞數(shù)：100左右。 How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic ①Almost every city has a big traffic problem. ②To start with, a vas

17、t population leads to heavy traffic.③The second reason is the increasing number of vehicles, especially private cars.④The last but not least reason is that some people are not aware of the importance of obeying traffic regulations. ⑤To deal with this, some people suggest that more roads should be b

18、uilt in order to speed up the flow of the traffic, and others insist that more public bus routes be required in order to limit the number of private cars.⑥But building more roads takes up too much land, and limiting the number of private cars is inconvenient for some people. ⑦So, I think the best

19、way is to walk if you can.⑧And as for pedestrians, we should also have a sense of safety.⑨Don't cross the road at a red light. 1．第一、二段點(diǎn)明問(wèn)題，明確需要解決的問(wèn)題是什么。對(duì)于交通堵塞這個(gè)問(wèn)題，其關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)有三：道路、車(chē)輛和行人。 2．第三、四段提出解決方案：建更多、更寬的道路，開(kāi)辟更多的公交車(chē)線(xiàn)路；減少私家車(chē)的使用，多乘坐公共交通工具，提倡步行或騎自行車(chē)；遵守交通規(guī)則，不亂穿馬路。 亮點(diǎn)一：文章脈絡(luò)清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，行文流暢，語(yǔ)意連貫，順理成章。注意了高

20、級(jí)詞匯的合理運(yùn)用。運(yùn)用的高級(jí)詞匯有：lead to(句②), the last but not least(句④), insist(句⑤), take up(句⑥), as for(句⑧), inconvenient(句⑥)等。 亮點(diǎn)二：靈活運(yùn)用了多個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，如句④中的The last but not least reason is that ...表語(yǔ)從句，句⑤中的suggest that ...和insist that ...兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。 如何寫(xiě)好解決問(wèn)題類(lèi)說(shuō)明文 解決問(wèn)題類(lèi)說(shuō)明文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排： 1．簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明做某件事情需要解決的問(wèn)題。 2．分段具體說(shuō)明每個(gè)問(wèn)題及解決辦法。

21、 3．簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明這些問(wèn)題解決后將會(huì)出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。 寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下三個(gè)方面： 1．此類(lèi)書(shū)面表達(dá)通常為話(huà)題作文或看圖作文，所以應(yīng)仔細(xì)研讀提示信息或圖畫(huà)，明確應(yīng)圍繞什么問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象展開(kāi)評(píng)論。 2．圍繞主題進(jìn)行拓展。根據(jù)要求和提示信息合理安排篇章中各部分內(nèi)容的比例，做到詳略得當(dāng)、條理清楚、文字簡(jiǎn)練。 3．時(shí)態(tài)：多采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但如果提示中給出了具體時(shí)間，可對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 1．提建議的句型 In my opinion, the best way to solve the problem is ... My tips are as follows ... Only in this

22、 way can we ... To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ... 2．說(shuō)明現(xiàn)象或問(wèn)題的常用句型 It has become the biggest concern of ... Unless we take effective measures, it is likely that ... The situation many people are facing is that ... To start with, ...The second reason is ...The last but not least r

23、eason is ... Faced with the problem, quite a few people argue that ...but others ... There is a general discussion today about the problem of ... 3．得出結(jié)論 With concerted efforts we will pull through the difficulties. With the help of ...we can manage to overcome these difficulties. 水是生命之源，而在現(xiàn)實(shí)

24、生活中，浪費(fèi)水的現(xiàn)象屢見(jiàn)不鮮。請(qǐng)你以“How to Save Water”為題，寫(xiě)一篇100詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文，提出解決辦法。內(nèi)容包括： 1．說(shuō)明節(jié)約用水的重要性； 2．提出節(jié)約用水的具體方法； 3．發(fā)出號(hào)召。 How to Save Water ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________

25、________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： How to Save Water Many of us know the importance of saving water.But we are now wasting a larg

26、e amount of water in our daily life. It's estimated that about 70% of the water used in a family every day can be saved if we follow the tips below. First, use recycled water.For example, you can use the water to wash rice first, and then use it to wash vegetables.Finally, the water can be used to

27、 wash the toilet. Second, when you are taking a bath, turn down the tap a little bit.Remember to shut it off in time if you are not using it. Third, when you are washing dishes, use some paper to clean them first, and then use the water to wash them, which will save much water. Only when everyone takes an active part can we really save our limited water resource.