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1、人教版精品英語(yǔ)資料（精校版） Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing 　倒　裝 一、含義 在英語(yǔ)中，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序通常是主語(yǔ)在前、謂語(yǔ)在后。 但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分或其他原因，謂語(yǔ)需要全部或部分移到主語(yǔ)的前面，這種語(yǔ)序叫倒裝。 二、分類 倒裝有兩種：完全倒裝和部分倒裝。在倒裝語(yǔ)序中，若整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)都在主語(yǔ)之前，稱之為完全倒裝。若謂語(yǔ)的一部分(通常是助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或 be 動(dòng)詞)位于主語(yǔ)之前，則稱之為部分倒裝。 三、完全倒裝的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合 1．there be 句型中，其中 be 可換作 appear, come, exist, happen, l

2、ie, remain, seem, stand 等動(dòng)詞。 There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. 山頂上有一座寺廟。 2．由副詞here, there, now, then 等開頭的句子，以及表示動(dòng)態(tài)的副詞 in, out, away, up, down, off, back, over 等置于句首作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 be, come, follow, go, begin 等，且句子主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)。 Here are some picturebooks. 這兒是一些圖畫書。 Out rushed the boy, c

3、rying. 那個(gè)男孩哭著跑出來(lái)了。 In she came and the lesson began. 她走進(jìn)來(lái)開始上課。 [點(diǎn)津]　代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主謂語(yǔ)序不變。 3．表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組，作表語(yǔ)的形容詞、分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)。 In the distance lies a car. 遠(yuǎn)處有一輛汽車。 Present at the meeting were some important figures. 出席會(huì)議的是一些重要人物。 Sitting in front of the house was a little girl. 一個(gè)小女孩坐在房子的前面。 4. su

4、ch置于句首時(shí)(多被認(rèn)為是表語(yǔ)，such 后的be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后真正的主語(yǔ)保持一致)。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 事實(shí)如此，沒有人能否認(rèn)它們。 [點(diǎn)津]　在完全倒裝句式中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與后面主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致。 There seems to be many people on the square. 廣場(chǎng)上似乎有很多人。 In front of the building stand two tall trees. 樓前有兩棵很高的樹。 四、部分倒裝的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合 1．否定或半否定意義的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)， 如 nev

5、er, little, hardly, few, not, seldom, in no way, by no means, in no case, on no condition等?！? Never shall I forget the day when I joined the army. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我參軍的那天。 [點(diǎn)津]　few, little 作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)，則用自然語(yǔ)序。 Few students are in the classroom after 10 o'clock in the evening. 晚上十點(diǎn)以后很少有學(xué)生在教室里。 2．某些含有否定詞的連詞位于句

6、首時(shí)。 (1)not only ... but (also) 連接兩個(gè)并列句時(shí)，含有not only的句子用部分倒裝。 (2)hardly ...when, no sooner ...than, not ...until引導(dǎo)的句子，當(dāng)hardly, no sooner, not until位于句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。 Not only do students come to school early, but (also) the teachers do. 不但學(xué)生到校早，老師們也來(lái)得很早。 Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang.

7、 我剛一坐下，電話鈴就響了。 Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking. 直到老師進(jìn)來(lái)，學(xué)生們才停止講話。 3．“so ＋形容詞/副詞＋ that”和“such ＋名詞＋ that”句型，意為“如此……以至于……”。 當(dāng) “so ＋形容詞/副詞， such ＋名詞”位于句首時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但從句不倒裝。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他講英語(yǔ)非常清晰，總能讓別人聽

8、懂。 4．only 修飾狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)。 (1)“only＋狀語(yǔ)”位于句首，句子主謂部分倒裝。 Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有通過這種方法，你才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。 (2)“only＋狀語(yǔ)從句”位于句首時(shí)，主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要部分倒裝，從句不倒裝。 Only if we keep on working hard can we succeed the next time. 我們只有堅(jiān)持努力，下次才會(huì)成功。 [點(diǎn)津]　only修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子不倒裝。 Only he can help me. 只有他能幫助我。 5．表示“也

9、(不)……”的so/neither/nor位于句首時(shí)。 (1)表示一種肯定情況也適用于另一方時(shí)，用so＋倒裝。 His brother likes football and so does my brother. 他的弟弟喜歡足球，我弟弟也喜歡。 (2)表示一種否定情況也適用于另一方或一方同時(shí)具備兩種否定情況時(shí)，用neither/nor＋倒裝。 You don't know the way.Neither do I. 你不知道路，我也不知道。 [點(diǎn)津]　“so＋助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”表示“……也一樣”，而“so＋主語(yǔ)＋助動(dòng)詞”表示“……的確如此”。 —It is hot today.

10、 —So it is. ——今天真熱。 ——的確如此。 6．當(dāng)as/though表示“盡管”時(shí)。 當(dāng)as 表示“盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，把要強(qiáng)調(diào)的表語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、狀語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)之前。 Housewife as she is, she knows a lot about law. 雖然她是一位家庭主婦，她卻懂得很多法律方面的事。 Busy as he was, he spared some time to accompany me. 盡管他很忙，他還是擠出一些時(shí)間來(lái)陪我。 [點(diǎn)津]　形容詞或副詞提前時(shí)前面一般不加very 一類的修飾語(yǔ)；名詞提前時(shí)前面一般不加冠詞；though引

11、導(dǎo)的從句可以倒裝，也可不倒裝。although從句不倒裝。 7．在含有had/were/should的虛擬條件句中。 在含有had/were/should的虛擬條件句中可以省略if，將had/were/should放在主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。 Had you come here, you would have met the film star. 你當(dāng)時(shí)要來(lái)這里的話，就能見到那位電影明星了。 8．may 表示祝愿時(shí)。 may 表示祝愿時(shí)，應(yīng)將may放在主語(yǔ)前。 May you have a nice trip! 祝你旅途愉快！ Ⅰ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．A picture is

12、 hanging on the wall. On the wall is_hanging_a_picture. 2．Susan had hardly entered the room when the doorbell rang. Hardly_had Susan entered the room when the doorbell rang. 3．The air pollution is so serious that every one of us should take action as soon as possible. So serious is_ the air pol

13、lution that every one of us should take action as soon as possible. 4．The speaker sat in the front of the lecture hall. In the front of the lecture hall sat_the_speaker. 5．The actor came to the party after being asked three times. Only after being asked three times did_the_actor_come to the part

14、y. 6．She didn't accept my invitation. What's more, she was extremely angry. Not only didn't she accept my invitation, but also she was extremely angry. 7．Suddenly the door opened and a woman rushed out. Suddenly the door opened and out rushed_a_woman. 8．I don't like this dress. Mary doesn't l

15、ike this dress either. I don't like this dress, neither/nor_does Mary. 9．She got such a good chance that she jumped with joy. Such a good chance did she get that she jumped with joy. 10．If you had told him the truth, he might have made some suggestions. Had you told him the truth, he might have

16、 made some suggestions. Ⅱ.用倒裝句完成句子 1．護(hù)士不僅想要提高工資，她們還想要減少工作時(shí)間。 Not only do_the_nurses_want_a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.(全國(guó)大綱卷改編) 2．莫言一步入舞臺(tái)，觀眾就爆發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲。 No sooner had_Mo_Yan_stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. (陜西高考改編) 3．只有當(dāng)你能保持內(nèi)心的安寧時(shí)，你才能與他人

17、保持良好的關(guān)系。 Only when you can find peace in your heart will_you_keep good relationships with others.(湖南高考改編) 4．要不是現(xiàn)代化的電信，我們就不得不等好幾個(gè)星期才能得到來(lái)自世界各地的消息。 Were_there_no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(福建高考改編) 5．要是他們知道下一步發(fā)生什么，他們會(huì)三思的。 Had_they_k

18、nown what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.(浙江高考改編) 6．他們絕對(duì)沒有違反比賽規(guī)則，懲罰他們是不公平的。 At no time did_they_break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.(遼寧高考改編) 7. 邁克爾從來(lái)沒想過有一天他會(huì)成為班里的一名頂尖學(xué)生。 Not once did_it_occur_to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his

19、 class.(湖南高考改編) 8．直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的艱難困苦，他才意識(shí)到我們對(duì)家庭的愛是重要的。 Not until he went through real hardship did_he_realize the love we have for our families is important.(福建高考改編) 9．在這所醫(yī)院里，只有醫(yī)生的數(shù)量增加50%，病人才能得到妥善地治療。 Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can_the_patients_be_treated properly in this

20、hospital.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ改編) 10．只有當(dāng)他為他的粗魯?shù)狼笗r(shí)，我才會(huì)再和他說話。 Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will_I_speak to him again.(江西高考改編) 新聞報(bào)道 上周，一批英國(guó)學(xué)生到達(dá)我市第一中學(xué)進(jìn)行為期五天的訪問交流。假設(shè)你是該校通訊員，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容給當(dāng)?shù)匾患覉?bào)社寫一篇英文報(bào)道。寫作內(nèi)容： 時(shí)間 上周 地點(diǎn) 第一中學(xué) 事件 一批英國(guó)學(xué)生到訪 行程 了解中國(guó)學(xué)生的校園生活，參觀該地的著名景點(diǎn)，體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕? 對(duì)中國(guó)的印象 潔凈的城市、友善的學(xué)生、美味的食物 回訪計(jì)劃

21、 第一中學(xué)的38名學(xué)生應(yīng)邀明年3月訪問英國(guó) 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．開頭已給出，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 No.1 Middle School in our city received a group of students from Britain last week.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________

22、________________________________________________________________ No.1 Middle School in our city received a group of students from Britain last week. During their five-day stay here, the students experienced the school life of Chinese students. ①They watched a short video giving a brief introductio

23、n to No.1 Middle School and then the representatives of the students showed them around. ②They also took part in varieties of activities to have a better understanding of the school life. ③At last they visited some places of interest and learned about the local culture. ④The British students were i

24、mpressed by the kind students, clean city and delicious food. ⑤At the invitation of them, 38 students in No.1 Middle School are to set out for Britain for an exchange visit next March. 第一段點(diǎn)明所要報(bào)道事件的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及事件本身。 第二段詳述整個(gè)行程。 第三段總結(jié)說明英國(guó)學(xué)生對(duì)中國(guó)的印象及回訪計(jì)劃。 亮點(diǎn)一：②句中高級(jí)短語(yǔ)take part in, have a better understan

25、ding of的使用得當(dāng)，使文章增色不少。 亮點(diǎn)二：①句中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)giving a brief introduction to ...作后置定語(yǔ)，④句中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)were impressed by的運(yùn)用，彰顯了作者的寫作實(shí)力，使文章的內(nèi)容豐富充實(shí)，提升了得分檔次。 新聞報(bào)道屬于說明類或記敘類的文章，是對(duì)最近發(fā)生的重大事實(shí)的報(bào)道，它具有迅速、及時(shí)、簡(jiǎn)短、明了的特點(diǎn)。寫好一篇新聞稿要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1．提煉好新聞標(biāo)題(headline)：標(biāo)題是新聞報(bào)道的靈魂和精華。新聞標(biāo)題既要把最吸引人的地方體現(xiàn)出來(lái)，又要做到言簡(jiǎn)意賅、直擊主題。 2．寫好新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)(the news lead)

26、：新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)是新聞報(bào)道開頭的第一句話，它一般是對(duì)整個(gè)報(bào)道的一個(gè)概括，通常包括事件(what)、時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、人物(who)、原因(why)和方式(how)。 3．詳述新聞事件的過程(process)：寫完導(dǎo)語(yǔ)后，文章接下來(lái)要按照事件發(fā)展的時(shí)間順序具體闡述導(dǎo)語(yǔ)中的相關(guān)信息，形成對(duì)導(dǎo)語(yǔ)的有力支持。 4．對(duì)事件進(jìn)行必要的評(píng)論(comment)：根據(jù)寫作的需要可對(duì)新聞事件進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的評(píng)論，以達(dá)到深化主題，給讀者留下深刻印象的目的。 5．署名(by-line)：在文章的最后注明新聞報(bào)道的作者及單位。 1．On/In/During ...sb.did/held/took p

27、art in ... 2．Firstly/In the morning ..., sb. went to ... 3．Then, sb.did/started ... 4．Lastly/At last, sb.should do ... 5．Sb.hoped/thought that ... 6．It is said .../Witnesses said .../Experts said ... 7．They said it was ... that they would remember it forever. 8．From ..., we can learn a lot.

28、 2016年10月1日，高二(3)班的學(xué)生志愿者 Li Yue 和 Zhang Hua 去陽(yáng)光敬老院(Sunshine Nursing Home)開展志愿者活動(dòng)(送水果、打掃衛(wèi)生、聊天等)。假設(shè)你是校英語(yǔ)報(bào)的記者，請(qǐng)按下列要點(diǎn)用英語(yǔ)寫一則100詞左右的新聞報(bào)道。 1．時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、活動(dòng)； 2．老人們的反應(yīng)； 3．簡(jiǎn)短評(píng)論。 注意：報(bào)道的標(biāo)題和記者姓名已給出(不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。 Student volunteers brought sunshine to the elderly ___________________________________________________

29、_____________________ ________________________________________________________________________ By Chen Jie， School Newspaper 參考范文： Student volunteers brought sunshine to the elderly On National Day,2016, Li Yue and Zhang Hua, students from Class Three, Grade Two, went to Sunshine Nursing Home

30、and did some voluntary work. Upon their arrival, Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed, and respectfully, they presented the elderly with flowers and fruits. Then, they started working at once, cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the

31、 elderly. When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the elderly thanked them for their kindness. They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever. Li Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy. What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives. By Chen Jie， School Newspaper