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1、 精品資料 Section_ⅢLearning_about_Language Ⅰ.高頻單詞點擊 1．merchant (n.)商人 2．bargain (n.)便宜貨 3．burglar (n.)竊賊 4．inspect (vt.)檢查；視察 5．chain (n.)鏈條；鎖鏈 6．semicircle (n.)半圓形 7．roof (n.)屋頂；房頂 8．collar (n.)衣領 9．pine (n.)松樹 10．squirrel (n.)松鼠 Ⅱ.重點短語必記 1．straight away ＝ a

2、t once　　 立即；馬上 2．pull oneself up 立起身來 3．pull off 脫去；努力完成 4．long for 渴望(某物) Ⅲ.常用句型必備 The_wall_being_high_and_steep,_I had to climb a pine tree close by so that I could reach the top of it. Ⅳ.單元語法聚焦 The Nominative Absolute Construction(獨立主格結構) 1．bargain (1)n.廉價貨；便宜貨；協議；交易 This house

3、is for rent.It’s a bargain. 這所房子是出租的。租金很便宜。 A bargain is a bargain. 協議總是協議。 make a bargain with sb. 與某人簽訂合同；達成協議 a real bargain 便宜貨 That is a bargain! 一言為定！ (2)vi.討價還價；談判；協議 bargain with sb. for/over sth. 就……與某人討價還價/商議/談判 He bargained with his brother for the property. 他就財產與他的弟弟進行商議。

4、[即境活用1]　 完成句子 (1)Let’s make_a_bargain (達成協議)．If you do my homework, I’ll give you the book Harry Potter. (2)She bargained_with/made_a_bargain_with (與……討價還價) the shop assistant over the price of a toy. 2．inspect vt.檢查；視察 It was strange that nobody inspected my ticket before I got on the train. 很

5、奇怪，我上火車前，竟然沒有人查看我的車票。 Several officials came to inspect our school last week. 上周，幾位官員來我校視察。 inspector n．　　　　　　 檢查員 inspection n. 檢查；視察 check, examine, inspect (1)check指“檢驗，核對”是否有誤，是否正確。 (2)examine為普通用詞，用于檢查身體，學生的考試。還指“察看或觀察以了解情況”和“仔細調查或審查”的意思。 (3)inspect指“仔細查看是否有不足之處或不標準的地方”，還指上級對下級的“視

6、察”。 [即境活用2]　 用inspect的適當形式填空 To inspect those products completely, many quality inspectors will be responsible for the inspection. 1．straight away立即；馬上 I’ll bring them straight away. 我馬上就把它們送來。 同義短語：at once, without delay, immediately, in no time, right away, right off, right now。 Do it at

7、once. 立刻做這件事。 I’ll write to him right away. 我馬上就給他寫信。 [即境活用3]　 介、副詞填空 (1)This matter is very urgent.Please deal with it straight away. (2)Problems, if any, should be solved without delay. (3)She was standing across the room but I recognized her right away. 2．pull oneself up站起來；立起身來 Can you

8、find a hold for your hands so that you can pull yourself up? 你能找一個雙手可以抓住的東西，以便自己站起來嗎？ pull down　　 使掃興；摧毀 pull up 停；使停止 pull away 逃走 pull out 駛出車站；退出 pull back 撤退；退出 pull through 康復；完成；做完(十分困難的事) Would you please pull down the curtain? 請你把窗簾拉下來好嗎？ The father pulled the child back

9、 from the river side. 父親把孩子從河邊拉了回來。 [即境活用4]　 副詞填空 (1)Mr.Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will pull through. (2)Don pulled up at the red light and we stopped behind him. (3)Don’t pull out! There’s a car coming. 獨立主格結構 一、獨立主格結構的概念 獨立主格結構是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構成的一種獨立結構，用于修飾整個

10、句子。獨立主格結構中的名詞或代詞與其后的分詞等構成邏輯上的主謂關系。這種結構與主句不發(fā)生句法上的聯系，它的位置相當靈活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗號將其與主句分開。需特別注意的是，獨立主格結構與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。 二、獨立主格結構的基本構成形式 名詞/代詞＋動詞-ing形式/過去分詞/不定式/形容詞/副詞/名詞/介詞短語 1．名詞/代詞＋動詞-ing形式 在這種結構中，動詞-ing 形式與其邏輯主語是主動關系。 The bus coming here soon，we should get everything ready. 汽車很快就要來了，我們應該把一切事情準

11、備好。 Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母親病了，李蕾非常擔心。 2．名詞/代詞＋過去分詞 在此結構中，過去分詞與其邏輯主語是被動關系。 His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗來代替。 3．名詞/代詞＋不定式 這種結構往往表示還未發(fā)生的行為或狀態(tài)。在此結構中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞如果存在著邏輯上的主動關系，動詞不定式則用主動的形式；如果是被動關系，則用被動形式。 Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted

12、, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 種上許多的樹、花和草后，我們新建的學?？瓷先⒏?。 4．名詞/代詞＋形容詞 The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泥濘，我們應該小心。 Computers very small, we can use them widely. 電腦雖小，我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。 5．名詞/代詞＋副詞 The class over, we all went out to play. 下課后，我們都出去玩。 The lights off

13、, we could not go on with the work. 燈熄了，我們不能繼續(xù)工作了。 6．名詞/代詞＋名詞 His first shot failure, he fired again. 他第一槍沒擊中，又打了一槍。 Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 兩百人死于事故，其中有許多兒童。 7．名詞/代詞＋介詞短語 He lay at full length upon his stomach, his head resting upon his left forearm.

14、他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，頭枕著左前臂，直挺挺地趴伏著。 Glasses in hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿著眼鏡，他問他的眼鏡哪去了。 三、with/without引導的獨立主格結構 with/without＋賓語(名詞/代詞)＋賓語補足語，賓語通常由名詞或代詞充當，但代詞一定要用賓格。上文的獨立主格結構的幾種情況都適用于此結構。 1．with/without＋名詞/代詞＋動詞的-ing形式 The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. 小女孩把盒子藏了起

15、來，沒有人知道它在哪里。 2．with/without＋名詞/代詞＋動詞的-ed形式 Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她沒再說什么話就離開了會議室。 3．with/without＋名詞/代詞＋不定式 The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. 有這么多的名勝可參觀，這個小孩很激動。 4．with/without＋名詞/代詞＋副詞 The boy was walking, with his father ahead.

16、父親在前，小孩在后走著。 5．with/without＋名詞/代詞＋介詞短語 He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 他站在門口，手里拿著一部電腦。 6．with/without＋名詞/代詞＋形容詞 With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. 由于兒子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快樂。 溫馨提示：在with/without的復合結構中，多數情況下with能省略，但without不能省略。 四、獨立主格結構的句法功能 獨立主格結構在句中一般作狀語，表

17、示時間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等，還可以作定語。 1．作時間狀語 School over, the students went home. 放學后，學生們都回家了。 2．作條件狀語 Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.　 如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱郊游。 Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.　 如果情況如此的話，你沒有理由解聘他。 3．作原因狀語 The boy leading

18、the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那個男孩帶路，我們很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。 There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 沒有別的事可討論，我們都回家了。 4．作伴隨狀語或補充說明 The boy rushed in, sweat pouring down. 那個男孩大汗淋漓地沖了進來。 Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.

19、10個學生報名參加了這次競賽，年紀最小的是個12歲的男孩。 5．作定語，獨立主格結構作定語其功能相當于一個定語從句 He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. 他就是有許多問題要解決的那個人。 He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides. 他走在一條兩邊沒有路燈的馬路上。 五、獨立主格結構的注意事項 1．獨立主格結構與分詞短語轉換為狀語從句的區(qū)別 獨立主格結構與分詞短語都可以轉換為狀語從句。但是獨立主格結構轉

20、換為狀語從句后，它有自己的邏輯主語，與主句的主語不一致；而分詞短語轉換為狀語從句后，從句的主語與主句的主語一致。 Time permitting, we’d better have a holiday at weekends. →If time permits, we’d better have a holiday at weekends. 如果時間允許，我們最好周末去度假。 Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. →When we see from the hilltop, we can find

21、the city more beautiful. 從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現這個城市更美了。 2．不能省略being/having been的情形 在下列兩種情況下，獨立主格結構中的being/having been不能省略： (1)獨立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時。 It being Sunday, we went to church. 因為是星期天，我們去做了禮拜。 (2)在“There being＋名詞”結構中。 There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 因為沒有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家。 3．物主代詞或冠詞的省略 在

22、“名詞/代詞＋介詞短語”構成的獨立主格結構中，一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。 Mr.Smith entered the classroom, book in hand (＝with a book in his hand)． 史密斯先生走進了教室，手里拿著一本書。 4．獨立主格結構沒有所有格形式 The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主編來了，我們開始開會。 5．獨立主格結構的時態(tài)和語態(tài)問題 獨立主格結構作時間或原因狀語時，可用完成時，表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語之前。 The listeners having taken t

23、heir seats, the concert began. 聽眾坐好后，音樂會開始了。 Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed. 由于湯姆一再遲到，他的老板非常失望。 6．當表人體部位的詞作邏輯主語時，及物動詞用過去分詞，不及物動詞用現在分詞 He lay there, his teeth set, his hands clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 他躺在那兒，牙關緊閉，雙拳緊握，兩眼直視上方。 7．獨立成分與獨立主格結構的區(qū)別 (1

24、)有些分詞短語可以獨立存在，在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，通常作為習慣用法。這些短語有：generally speaking (總的說來)，frankly speaking (坦率地說)，judging from(從……判斷)，supposing(假設)，等等。 Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand. 總的說來，這條規(guī)則很容易懂。 Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 由他所說的來判斷，他一定是一個誠實的人。 (2)有些固定短語是帶to的不定式，表

25、明說話人的立場或態(tài)度，在句中作獨立成分。這些短語有：to be honest(老實說)，to be sure(確實)，to tell you the truth(說實話)，to cut a long story short(長話短說)，to be frank(坦率地說)，to make matters/things worse(更糟糕的是)，等等。 To tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word spelling. 說實話，我犯了一個拼寫錯誤。 Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當形式填空 1．Struck (strike) by the he

26、avy snowfalls last year, Chenzhou, a city in South China, was cut off from the outside, facing (face) water and electricity shortage. 2．The teacher walked up and down the classroom inspecting (inspect) the students’ work. 3．—Have you read this book called Waiting for Anya? —Who wrote (write) it?

27、 4．The human body is composed of organs, each having (have) a definite job to do. 5．The weather being (be) so bad, we had to put off the football match. 6. He was busy writing a story, only stopping (stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette. 7．If there’s a lot of work to_do (do), I’m happy to j

28、ust keep on until it is finished. 8．Being_exposed (expose) to loud noises for a long time will have one’s hearing harmed (harm)． 9．The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid (lay) for a meal to be cooked. 10．He has_been_told (tell) many times, but he still can’t understan

29、d it. Ⅱ.完形填空 Learn and Earn Charlie and Jackie worked together in a whole sale company just after graduation.They were both hardworking. Several years later, the boss made Jackie sales manager, but Charlie __1__ a salesman. One day Charlie could not __2__ up with it any more. He handed in his r

30、esignation letter (辭職信) to the boss and complained that the boss did not __3__ hardworking employees, but only raised those who tried to make him pleased. He thought it was really __4__. The boss knew that Charlie spared no __5__ for the company all these years, but in order to help Charlie to real

31、ize the __6__ between him and Jackie, the boss asked Charlie to do the __7__. “Go and find out if there is anyone selling watermelons in the market.” Charlie went, returned and __8__ said, “Yes，” The boss asked, “How much per kg？” Charlie went to the market again to ask and returned to __9__， “$ 12

32、 per kg.” The boss told Charlie that he would ask Jackie the __10__ question. Jackie went, returned and said, “Boss, only one person is selling watermelons. $12 per kg, $100 for 10 kg. He has a __11__ of 340 melons. On the table are 58 melons, and every melon weighs about 15 kg, bought from the sou

33、th two __12__ago. They are fresh, red, and of good __13__.” Charlie was __14__ and he realized the difference between himself and Jackie. He decided not to __15__ but to learn from Jackie. My dear friends, you know, a more __16__person is more observant, thinks more and understands in __17__. For

34、the same matter, he sees several years ahead, __18__you see only tomorrow. The difference between a year and a day is 365 times, so how could you __19__？ Think: how __20__ have you seen ahead in your life? How thoughtful are you? 語篇解讀：本文通過兩位同事辦事的不同效率和思維方式向我們說明了對待事情的不同眼光在人生中所起的重要作用。 1．A.made　　　　　　

35、　　　 　B．became C．remained D．kept 解析：選C　根據句意可知Charlie仍然是個小售貨員，故選remained。 2．A.make B．catch C．keep D．put 解析：選D　終于有一天Charlie不能忍受了，put up with為固定短語，意為“忍受”。 3．A.enjoy B．meet C．repay D．value 解析：選D　根據文意可知，Charlie應當是認為老板不重視真正肯下苦力工作的人，只會給那些馬屁精升職。 4．A.usual B．unfair C．strange D．selfless

36、 解析：選B　Charlie認為這是非常不公平的。 5．A.rest B．trouble C．effect D．effort 解析：選D　根據句意可知其實老板知道Charlie是個工作非常認真的人，spare no effort為固定短語，意為“不遺余力的”。 6．A.similarity B．relationship C．difference D．distance 解析：選C　根據下文可知，老板為了幫助Charlie認識自己同Jackie之間的差距，讓他們做了同樣的事情，difference為最佳選項。distance指時間或空間上的距離。 7．A.follo

37、wing B．finding C．shopping D．searching 解析：選A　根據下文可知老板讓他們照自己的要求去做，此處following為最佳選項。 8．A.still B．again C．even D．only 解析：選D　根據下文可知Charlie僅僅去看了市場上有沒有西瓜賣。 9．A.offer B．answer C．remind D．repeat 解析：選B　Charlie回來之后對老板回答道，此處answer為最佳選項。 10．A.difficult B．familiar C．same D．simple 解析：選C　

38、根據下文可知老板告訴Charlie，自己將對Jackie提出同樣的要求，故選same。 11．A.total B．lot C．pile D．number 解析：選A　根據句意可知應該是那人總共有340 kg的西瓜要銷售，故選total。 12．A.days B．months C．years D．minutes 解析：選A　根據常識可以推測，那堆西瓜應該是兩天前買的，選項中days最符合句意。 13．A.value B．quality C．service D．shape 解析：選B　西瓜很新鮮，瓜瓤又紅，可推出西瓜的品質很好。 14．A.struck

39、 B．shocked C．puzzled D．encouraged 解析：選A　Charlie頓時目瞪口呆，說不出話，故選struck。 15．A.stay B．stop C．sleep D．leave 解析：選D　根據下文可知，Charlie應該是決定留下了。 16．A.important B．intelligent C．successful D．hardworking 解析：選C　根據文意，一個比別人更成功的人必然會觀察更多，考慮更多，理解更多，successful最符合語境。 17．A.time B．depth C．need D．orde

40、r 解析：選B　比別人考慮問題要更深刻，in depth為固定結構，意為“深入地，全面地”。 18．A.while B．though C．unless D．when 解析：選A　成功的人目光更長遠，while用在此處表對比。 19．A.see B．think C．know D．win 解析：選D　這樣的話，你如何勝過他人呢？ 20．A.fast B．far C．soon D．long 解析：選B　根據上文可知作者認為，眼光的長遠決定成功與否，故選far。 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 Recently a study, led by Pedro Hallal o

41、f the Federal University, suggests that nearly a third of adults, 31%, are not getting enough exercise. That rates of exercise have declined is hardly a new discovery. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, technology and economic growth have helped to create a world in which taking exerc

42、ise is more and more an option rather than a necessity. But only recently have enough good data been collected from enough places to carry out the sort of analysis Dr Hallal and his colleagues have engaged in. There are common themes in different places. Unsurprisingly, people in rich countries are

43、 less active than those in poor ones, and old people are less active than young ones. Less obviously, women tend to exercise less than men — 34% are inactive, compared with 28% of men. But there are exceptions. The women of Croatia, Finland, Iraq and Luxembourg, for example, move more than their mal

44、e countrymen. Malta wins the race for most slothful country, with 72% of adults getting too little exercise, and Swaziland and Saudi Arabia are in close behind, with 69%. In Bangladesh, just 5% of adults fail to exercise enough. Surprisingly, six Americans in ten are active enough according to Dr H

45、allal’s study, compared with fewer than four in ten British. These high rates of inactivity are worrying. Human beings seem to have evolved (進化) to benefit from exercise while deliberately avoiding it whenever they can. In a state of nature it would be impossible to live a life that did not provi

46、de enough of it. But that is no longer the case. Actually lack of enough activity these days has nearly the same effect on life span (壽命) as smoking. 語篇解讀：工業(yè)改革已經在某些程度上改變人們的生活方式，鍛煉身體越來越成為人們的一種選擇，而非迫切的需要，世界范圍的人缺少足夠的鍛煉。 1．We may learn from Paragraph 1 that ________. A．the decline of exercise rates i

47、s newly discovered B．the study suggests 31% of female adults get too little exercise C．the good enough data has been collected from only one country D．the industrial revolution has changed the way people live to some degree 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。從第一段的“Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, te

48、chnology and economic growth have helped to create a world in which taking exercise is more and more an option rather than a necessity.”可知工業(yè)改革已經在某些程度上改變人們的生活方式，選D。 2．According to the study, women of Luxembourg ________. A．have little time to exercise B．hate to get regular exercise C．take more

49、 exercise to lose weight D．exercise more than men in their country 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。從第二段的“But there are exceptions. The women of Croatia, Finland, Iraq and Luxembourg, for example, move more than their male countrymen.”可知Luxembourg 的女性鍛煉的比男性多，選D。 3．The underlined word “slothful” in Paragraph 3 most pr

50、obably means “________”． A．powerful B．rich C．lazy D.unpopular 解析：選C　詞義猜測題。從第三段的“Malta wins the race for most slothful country, with 72% of adults getting too little exercise, and Swaziland and Saudi Arabia are in close behind, with 69%.”比較起來Malta的人是世界上最懶惰的，可知slothful意為“懶惰的”，選C。 4．What can b

51、e the best title for the text? A.Worldwide Lack of Enough Exercise B.New Health Discovery C.Evolvement of Human Beings D．Benefits of Taking Exercise 解析：選A　標題歸納題。從全篇文章和第一段的“Recently a study, led by Pedro Hallal of the Federal University, suggests that nearly a third of adults, 31%, are not getting enough exercise.”可知這篇文章講的是世界范圍的人缺少足夠的鍛煉，選A。