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1、 第二板塊 第二部分 第2講 [小題夯基練] 1．(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，閱讀C節(jié)選)“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan.“What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white

2、anymore.It's actually color，and it's actually digital.” Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the

3、 same，” says Moran. Q：What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz? A．It will disappear gradually. B．It remains black and white. C．It should keep up with the times. D．It changes every 50 years. 解析：C　[根據(jù)節(jié)選第一段Moran說(shuō)的“...jazz is not black and white anymore.It's actually color，and it's actually

4、 digital.”及節(jié)選第二段中的“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move，because the way the world works is not the same”可知，他認(rèn)為世界在變，爵士樂(lè)應(yīng)該與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。故選C。] 2．(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，閱讀C節(jié)選)The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The U．S.Fish

5、 and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a val

6、uable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. Q：What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring. 解析：B　[觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以看出是四種不同的態(tài)度；A項(xiàng)懷疑；B項(xiàng)積極；C項(xiàng)不贊成；D項(xiàng)不關(guān)心(中立)。根據(jù)節(jié)選段最后一句

7、中的“a valuable experiment”可知，作者認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)工程很有價(jià)值，因此他的態(tài)度應(yīng)當(dāng)是積極肯定的。故選B項(xiàng)。] 3．(2018·北京卷閱讀C) Plastic-Eating Worms Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to ge

8、t rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethyle

9、ne shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊狀物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the

10、films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plas

11、tic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ”she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.” Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is

12、not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生

13、物)? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.” Q：What is the main purpose of the passage

14、? A．To explain a study method on worms. B．To introduce the diet of a special worm. C．To present a way to break down plastics. D．To propose new means to keep eco-balance. 解析：C　[作者通過(guò)本文介紹了一項(xiàng)消除塑料垃圾的研究，顯然是為人們提供了一條清除塑料垃圾的新途徑。故選C項(xiàng)。] 4．(2019·衡水二模，B)Don't wander aimlessly through life.Get confused on y

15、our goals，start helping others in need，and live life to the fullest！Life is too short to be anything but happy.Visit my blog and find what you've been missing.Sign up for my newsletter(時(shí)事通訊)and get seven free e-books，too！Read hundreds of articles while you're there in the article section，which is up

16、dated daily. Q：This text must be taken from ________. A．a(chǎn) radio program B．a(chǎn) website C．a(chǎn) newspaper D．a(chǎn) TV program 解析：B　[根據(jù)文中的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞Visit my blog，e-books，Sign up，updated可知這篇文章選自網(wǎng)站。故選B。] 5．(四川卷，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep.

17、But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved

18、mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. … Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax. Q：How does the author support the theme of the text? A．By

19、giving examples. B．By stating arguments. C．By explaining statistical data. D．By providing research results. 解析：D　[根據(jù)文章信息 But now a study has found it really does help people nod off...Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin...The study...involved mice being fed with d

20、ried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.和Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content...可知，作者是通過(guò)列舉研究結(jié)果來(lái)支撐主題。故選D項(xiàng)。] [大題提能練] A Indian actor Aamir Khan is sealing his major celebrity status in China w

21、ith the cinema of social relevance. Aamir Khan was in China to promote his latest Hindi film Secret Superstar.During his weeklong stay，the Indian actor also found out that he has become a major celebrity in a country where Bollywood's reach has been traditionally limited. Some local analysts compa

22、re his stardom in China to that of Hollywood actors Tom Hanks，Tom Cruise and Leonardo Dicaprio.Others don't think Khan is an activist actor.Still others describe him as a feminist.The Chinese media seem to have settled for Mishu，or Uncle Aamir. The surprising rise in popularity of the 52-year-old B

23、ollywood star is owing to his cinema of social relevance that Chinese moviegoers don't get enough of from their own industry as well as his savvy marketing and China outreach.At more than 1 million，Khan has the most followers for an Indian on Sina Weibo，the country's Twitter-like platform. Secret

24、 Superstar had made more than $63 million earlier this week.The story of a teenage Muslim girl's fight against ugly patriarchy to realize her dreams was released in China on Jan 19,2018. Last year，his film Dangal，inspired by the real journey of an Indian wrestler through a conservative landscape to

25、 turn his daughters into world-class athletes，had made nearly 1.3 billion yuan. In 2011，Khan's work first got major attention from Chinese moviegoers with Three Idiots，which was released in India much earlier.Film critics and fans alike recommended it to their friends.Some film critics say the educ

26、ation systems，gender discrimination and domestic violence (that Secret Superstar shows) are among clear similarities of social issues in India and China. The audience is also getting a bit bored with Hollywood films shown in China.While it's still early to estimate if Hollywood's influence on the C

27、hinese market is on the wane，the local audience's appetite for diverse cinema is definitely on show and is helping Khan. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　 繼《摔跤吧！爸爸》之后，印度影星“米叔”的又一部力作《神秘巨星》在中國(guó)大火。那么，為什么他的每部作品都能在中國(guó)走紅呢？ 1．How did Khan market his film wisely? A．By recommending it through film critics. B．By attracting follower

28、s on Sina Weibo. C．By posting film introductions on Twitter. D．By inviting Hollywood stars to advertise it. 解析：B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，他借助微博來(lái)推廣他的電影。] 2．Why did Three Idiots win the hearts of Chinese audience? A．It reflects serious family violence. B．It is about a girl to achieve her success. C．It te

29、lls the education systems similar to that of China. D．It is adapted from a real story. 解析：C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話推知，《三傻大鬧寶萊塢》這部電影反映了與中國(guó)相似的教育制度，故受到中國(guó)觀眾的歡迎。] 3．What is the common theme of Khan's film? A．Social issues. B．Romantic love. C．Cruel wars. D．Family relationships. 解析：A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段及第四段第一

30、句推知，他的電影主題往往是社會(huì)問(wèn)題。] 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Bollywood replaces Hollywood on the Chinese market. B．It is often boring to watch Hollywood films. C．Hollywood films have lost the market in China. D．Chinese audience are developing a diverse appetite for films. 解析：D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最

31、后一段可知，現(xiàn)在中國(guó)的觀眾形成了多種不同的電影文化口味。] B (2019·大連高三一模)Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house. Now a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School，Dobek recently won

32、the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars. She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel.So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the nati

33、onal challenge，Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind. “I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，”Smeeton said.“She immediately started researching bone density(密度)of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.” “My design will ensure the safety

34、 of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，”Dobek says. Dobek's design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in.It also includes the SGF or self-Growing Farm，and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars. Then there is ph

35、ysical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek's design.A simulator(模擬裝置)allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment.Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth，such as their homes.

36、 “I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，”Dobek said.“whatever they want to do，they should push for it and always try their best.” [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　 該文主要介紹了小學(xué)生Emilia Dobek設(shè)計(jì)太空站，并贏得挑戰(zhàn)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。 5．Dobek first became interested in space when ________. A．she was still a seventh grader B．she studied at

37、 a junior high school C．she lived on the top of their house D．she watched an eclipse of the moon 解析：D　[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house”可知，D

38、obek對(duì)太空感興趣是從她在三年級(jí)時(shí)的一個(gè)晚上觀看一次月食開(kāi)始的。] 6．Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because ________. A．she knew Dobek liked challenges in life B．she had no other students interested in Mars C．Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts D．she was sure that Dobek would have outstand

39、ing performance 解析：D　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段Smeeton的話可推知，她對(duì)Dobek很了解，對(duì)其可以接受這項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)并出色地完成充滿信心。] 7．What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station? A．The environment on Mars. B．The safety of the supplies. C．The activities for astronauts. D．The comfort of the astronauts. 解析：D　[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并結(jié)合對(duì)倒數(shù)第二段的整體理解可推知，Dobek的設(shè)計(jì)包含身體和休閑活動(dòng)，讓宇航員在太空中也感到舒適。]