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1、5Dinner Table of the World READING FOR LEARNING 2 READING FOR DONING 3 GUIDED WRITING4 AUDIO/VIDEO LAB5 WARM-UP1 WARP-UP6WARM-UPTask 1Look at the dinner tables around the world. How manykinds of food can you name in the pictures?Possible answers Picture A: beer; juice; oranges; bananas; bread; meat;

2、 lettuce (生菜；萵苣); tomatoes; pizza; carrots; etcPicture B: rice; fish; roast meat; bananas; watermelon; sauces; etcPicture C: coke; juice; pizza; potatoes; onions; grapes; bacon; meat; etcPicture D: spring onions (小蔥); carrots; etcWARM-UPTask 2Work with a partner. Think about food eaten in Chinesefam

3、ilies. What food would be on the table? Write your own list.Possible answers jiaozi; noodles; rice; tofu; roast duck; steamed bread; soybean milk; fish; sweet and sour spare ribs (糖醋排骨); pork balls stewed in brown sauce (紅燒獅子頭); Kung Pao Chicken (宮保雞丁); Chinese fried twisted dough-rolls (中式油條); mush

4、rooms; green tea; etcWARM-UPTask 3Work in small groups. How many kinds of food can youwrite for each letter of the alphabet in two minutes?Possible answers a-apple; avocado (牛油果)b-banana; bread; bean; butter; beef; biscuit; baconc-carrot; cake; cherry; coconut; crab; chicken; cheese; cucumber d-duck

5、; date; dumpling; durian (榴蓮)e-egg; eggplant (茄子) f-fish; fillet steak (菲力牛排); fig (無花果)g-grape; ginger h-ham; hot dog; hamburger; herring (鯡魚)i-ice cream; ice tea; ice lolly (棒冰)j-juice; jam; jellyk-kiwi; ketchupl-lemon; lichee (荔枝); lobster (龍蝦)m-melon; mango; milk; mutton; mandarinn-nuts; noodles

6、o-orange; onion; octopus (章魚)p-pear; pineapple; pumpkin; potato; pastaq-quince (柑橘); quiche (a French pie)r-ribs; rices-sugar; salt; sandwich; strawberry; shrimp (對蝦)t-tea; toast; tomato; turkey; tuna (金槍魚)u-ugli fruit (丑橘)v-vinegar; vanilla (香草)w-watermelon; wonton (餛飩) y-yoghurt; yamz-zucchini (西葫

7、蘆) Using key words to identify cause and effect (利用關鍵詞分辨因果利用關鍵詞分辨因果)在某些文章中，會重點陳述某事物產生的原因或由它帶來的結果。閱讀這類文章時，我們可根據(jù)一些關鍵指示詞，如as a result, lead to, therefore, thus 等幫助我們快速定位并找出事物之間的因果關系。READING FOR LEARNINGTask 1Read the text quickly. Answer the questions about theeffects of these things.1 What is the effe

8、ct of more and more people living in cities?2 What are the benefits of vertical farming?3 What do the conditions in space result in?READING FOR LEARNINGFeeding the World 譯譯文文In the last 60 years, the worlds population has tripled from 2.5 billion in1950 to over 7 billion. Food became a big problem a

9、s we were not able to feedeveryone. Now the worlds population is forecast to continue growing andmay hit 11 billion by 2100. So in a world where nearly 1 billion people alreadydo not have enough food, can we really feed another 6 billion?養(yǎng)活全世界養(yǎng)活全世界過去60 年，世界人口增長了三倍，從1950 年的25 億增長到70 多億。糧食問題已經成為一個大問題，

10、因為我們一直沒辦法養(yǎng)活所有人。據(jù)預測，目前世界人口正持續(xù)增長，到2100 年，人口數(shù)量將達到110 億。所以在世界范圍內，已經有近10億人口沒有足夠的口糧，我們能否真的再養(yǎng)活60 億人口呢？Feeding the World 譯譯文文Changing DietsPopulation growth is not the only reason for food shortages. Our diet is also to blame for it. Nowadays, with increasing numbers of people living in cities, we tend to e

11、at more meat. To produce meat we have to use a lot more land and water to grow the food for the animals. And we also need more energy to process the meat. As a result, we are using more land and resources to actually produce less food. We could feed the growing population easily if everyone became a

12、 vegetarian. But who would make this change? Would you give up meat to feed others?改變飲食改變飲食人口增長并不是造成糧食短缺的唯一原因。我們的飲食（習慣）也難辭其咎?，F(xiàn)在，越來越多的人居住在城市，人們吃肉越來越多。為了生產肉類，我們必須用更多的土地和水，以種植喂養(yǎng)動物的糧食。加工肉類也要消耗更多的能源。結果是，我們使用了更多的土地和資源，卻生產出了更少的食物。如果每個人都變成素食者，我們就能輕松養(yǎng)活不斷增長的人口。但誰愿意作出這種改變呢？你愿意放棄吃肉來養(yǎng)活別人嗎？Feeding the World 譯譯文文G

13、rowing DifferentlyInnovative solutions to this problem are being used and researched aroundthe world. One idea being tried is vertical farming, which is to build farms invery tall buildings in the centre of cities. Such farms require less space. Theyalso reduce the distance the food needs to travel

14、to reach most people.改變種植方式改變種植方式為了解決糧食問題，全世界都在使用和研發(fā)創(chuàng)新方案。這種農場占用空間更少，同時還縮短了把食物運送給大多數(shù)人的距離。一個正在嘗試的理念是垂直農場，即在位于市中心的高樓里建造農場。Feeding the World 譯譯文文Another innovative idea is the “seeds in space” project organised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 2011, researchers sent seeds into space on the Shenzho

15、u 8 spacecraft. It is thought that the conditions in space help produce huge fruit and vegetables with higher vitamin content. While the science is not yet fullyunderstood, it seems that the conditions in space may help make the seeds more productive. So could space seeds reallyprovide the answer to

16、 the worlds food problem?2011 年，研究人員通過神舟八號飛船把種子送上太空。雖然人們還未完全掌握這項科學，但似乎太空環(huán)境可以使種子更加高產。所以，太空種子真的能解決世界糧食問題嗎？另一個創(chuàng)新的理念是由中國科學院組織的“太空種子”項目。人們認為太空環(huán)境有助于產出維生素含量更高的巨型水果和蔬菜。Feeding the World 譯譯文文From sending seeds into space to asking people to change theirdiet, these are all ways of solving the worlds food prob

17、lem. Whichever methods countries and individuals choose, we still have a long way to go.從發(fā)射種子到太空，到改變人們的飲食習慣，這些都是解決世界糧食問題的方法。無論國家和個人選擇哪些方法，我們仍任重道遠。New Words Phrases and Expressions feedpopulation # tripleforecast growth blame energyprocess # vegetarian innovative solution vertical reducetend to as a

18、resultProper Names # seed spacecraft condition vitamin productivewhicheverfeede.g. Some insects feed on a wide range of trees and shrubs . 一些昆蟲以各類樹木和灌木為食。v. 為提供食物Back to Vocabularypopulatione.g. The entire population of the town was at the meeting. 全鎮(zhèn)的居民都出席了集會。n. 人口數(shù)量；人口Back to Vocabularytriplee.g.

19、He received triple wages for all his extra work. 因為加班的緣故，他領取了三倍的工資。v. （ 使）增至三倍Back to Vocabulary-double-quaforecaste.g. Rain is forecast for the weekend. 預報本周末會下雨。 v. 預報；預測Back to Vocabularygrowthe.g. There has been a sharp slowdown in economic growth. 經濟增長的速度明顯放慢。n. 增加；增長Back to Vocabularyblamee.g.

20、 If their forces were not involved, then who is to blame? 如果他們的軍隊沒有參與，那么誰應該受到指責呢？v. 指責；責怪Back to Vocabularyenergye.g. She is possessed of an extraordinary fund of energy. 她的精力異常充沛。n. 能量；能源Back to Vocabularyprocesse.g. Goats cheese may be processed in many ways. 可以采取很多方法加工山羊奶酪。v. 加工；處理Back to Vocabul

21、aryvegetariane.g. She became a strict vegetarian two years ago. 兩年前，她成為嚴格意義上的素食主義者。n. 素食( 主義) 者Back to Vocabularyinnovativee.g. This company has producing plenty of innovative products. 這家公司一直在生產大量富有創(chuàng)意的產品。adj. 革新的；創(chuàng)新的Back to Vocabularysolutione.g. There is no simple solution to the pollution problem

22、. 沒有解決污染問題的簡單辦法。n. 解決方法Back to Vocabularyverticale.g. The gadget can be attached to any smooth vertical surface. 這小玩意兒可以粘在任何光滑垂直的表面上。adj. 垂直的；豎立的Back to Vocabularyreducee.g. Small business must reduce costs in order to survive. 小企業(yè)要想生存，必須削減成本。v. 減少；縮小Back to Vocabularyseede.g. Farmers began by scatt

23、ering seed and putting in plants. 農民從播種和栽苗開始。n. 種子Back to Vocabularyspacecraft e.g. The spacecraft made a successful reentry into the earths atmosphere. 宇宙飛船成功地重返大氣層。n. 航天器；宇宙飛船Back to Vocabularyconditione.g. Some people are living in appalling conditions. 有些人的生活條件十分惡劣。Back to Vocabularyn. 環(huán)境；條件vita

24、mine.g. Orange is rich in vitamin and it gives us energy and vitality. 橘子含有豐富的維生素，能給我們補充能量和注入活力。Back to Vocabularyn. 維生素productivee.g. Our discussions were amicable and productive. 我們的討論氣氛非常友好并且富有成果。adj. 多產的Back to Vocabularywhichevere.g. Whichever book do you like? 你到底喜歡哪一本書? det. 無論哪個Back to Vocab

25、ularytend toe.g. I tend to get very uptight during a match. 比賽時我總會緊張得不行。趨向；偏重Back to Vocabularyas a resulte.g. Some rivers are facing ecological catastrophe as a result of pollution. 由于污染造成的惡果，一些河流正面臨生態(tài)災難。結果；因此Back to VocabularyChinese Academy of Sciences中國科學院Back to VocabularyNow the worlds populat

26、ion is forecast to continue growing and may hit 11 billion by 2100.據(jù)預測，目前世界人口正持續(xù)增長，到2100 年，人口數(shù)量將達到110 億。1句中forecast是過去分詞表被動。forecast 和forecasted均可作為forecast一詞的過去式和過去分詞。e.g. Rain was forecast for the weekend. 預報說周末有雨。 It was forecast that the economy would grow by 2%. 預測經濟將增長2%。So in a world where ne

27、arly 1 billion people already do not have enough food, can we really feed another 6 billion?所以，在世界范圍內已經有近10 億人口沒有足夠的口糧，我們能否真的再養(yǎng)活60 億人口呢？2句中where作為關系副詞，引導定語從句，修飾先行詞world。where引導從句時，用法如下：1) where引導定語從句 where引導定語從句時，其先行詞是表示地點的名詞，在定語從句中作地點狀 語，此時where 相當于at/in/on+which。如： e.g. This zoo is not the only pl

28、ace where the animal can be seen. 這個動物園并不是唯一能夠看到這種動物的地方。2) where引導狀語從句 where引導狀語從句時，相當于in/at the place where。如： e.g. My father grew up where he was born. 我父親是在他出生的地方長大的。3) where引導名詞性從句 where引導的名詞性從句主要有賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句以及同位語從 句，此時where 相當于the place where。如： e.g. Can you tell me where you found it? 你能告訴我

29、你是在哪兒找到它的嗎？One idea being tried is vertical farming, which is to build farms in very tall buildings in the centre of cities.一個正在嘗試的理念是垂直農場，即在位于市中心的高樓里建造農場。3句中的being tried是現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式，作后置定語修飾名詞idea。現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式：being + 過去分詞，表示其邏輯主語（被修飾的名詞等）為現(xiàn)在分詞動作的承受者。e.g. 正在建的那棟樓是我們的圖書館。The building being built is our li

30、brary.正在被質問的那棟人是我們的搭檔。The person being questioned is our partner.While the science is not yet fully understood, it seems that the conditions in space may help make the seeds more productive.雖然人們還未完全掌握這項科學，但似乎太空環(huán)境可以使種子更加高產。4句中while是連詞，引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“雖然、盡管”，且多放于句首。e.g. While he loves his students, he is

31、 very strict with them. 他雖然愛他的學生，但對他們很嚴格。句中while也是連詞，引導并列狀語從句，意思是“而，然而”，且多放于從句之首，引出與主句內容相對比的信息。e.g. One of them laughed at me while the others pointed their guns at me.其中一人而其他人So could space seeds really provide the answer to the worlds food problem?所以，太空種子真的能解決世界糧食問題嗎？5provide sth to/for sb:“向某人提供某

32、物”，也可用provide sb with sth結構。這兩者意思相同，可互換，但介詞不可混淆。e.g. They provided some necessary support for the sufferers.他們?yōu)槭茈y者提供了一些必要的援助。We provide legal advice and services to our clients.我們向客戶提供法律建議和服務。The lecture provided him with an opportunity to meet one of his heroes.這個講座能讓他見到自己心目中的一位英雄。Whichever methods

33、 countries and individuals choose, we still have a long way to go.無論國家和個人選擇哪些方法，我們仍任重道遠。6whichever 與 no matter which 用法的區(qū)別：1) 兩者都可以引導讓步狀語從句，表示兩者“無論哪個”。e.g. Whichever (No matter which) day you come, Ill be pleased to see you.無論你哪天來，我都很高興見到你。2) whichever還可引導名詞性從句，但是no matter which不可以。 e.g. Whichever t

34、eam gains the most points wins. 哪個隊得分最多，哪個隊就贏。Task 1Read the text quickly. Answer the questions about theeffects of these things.1 What is the effect of more and more people living in cities?2 What are the benefits of vertical farming?3 What do the conditions in space result in?Possible answers1 Wit

35、h more and more people live in cities, people tend to eat more meat.2 Vertical farming requires less space and reduces the distance the food needs to travel.3 In space huge fruit and vegetables with higher vitamin content are produced. So the conditions in space may help make the seeds more producti

36、ve.READING FOR LEARNINGReading and Understanding Task 2Read the text. What do these numbers refer to?2.5 billion refers to the population of the world in 1950.7 billion refers to the world population now.11 billion refers to the possible world population in 2100.1 billion refers to the number of peo

37、ple without enough food.Reading and Understanding Task 3Put the facts into three columns: PAST, PRESENT or FUTURE. Some can be put into more than one column.1 Most people live in cities.2 People dont eat a lot of meat.3 Vertical farms in cities provide us with a large amount of food.4 Food from spac

38、e is regularly eaten.211;3;4Reading and Understanding Task 4Complete the sentences with ideas from the text.1 To produce meat, we use more _, _ and _ than when we grow vegetables.2 Vertical farms use less _ than normal farms.3 The “seeds in space” project is managed by _.4 The food problem is not go

39、ing to be solved _.landwaterenergylandthe Chinese Academy of SciencessoonReading and Understanding Task 5Translate the sentences into Chinese. 1 Now the worlds population is forecast to continue growing and may hit 11 billion by 2100._ 2 As a result, we are using more land and resources to actually

40、produce less food._ 3 It is thought that the conditions in space help produce huge fruit and vegetables with higher vitamin levels._ 4 Whichever methods countries and individuals choose, we still have a long way to go._據(jù)預測，目前世界人口正持續(xù)增長，到2100 年，人口數(shù)量將達到110 億。結果是，我們使用了更多的土地和資源，卻生產出了更少的食物。人們認為太空環(huán)境有助于產出維生

41、素含量更高的巨型水果和蔬菜。無論國家和個人選擇哪些方法，我們仍任重道遠。Vocabulary FocusTask 1Change the parts in italics with words from the boxes.productiveinnovativeresourcessolutionconditionsVocabulary FocusTask 2Read the 10 verbs and match each of them to a function. Morethan one verb is possible for each function.1 triple 2 decr

42、ease 3 increase 4 grow 5 incorporate 6 rise 7 include 8 reduce 9 change 10 adaptVocabulary FocusTask 3Complete each sentence with a phrase from the boxes and averb from Task 2.1 People _ _ their diet when they move into cities. They eat more meat and less vegetables.2 The world population continues

43、to _, _ of which we need to think of new ways of producing food.3 _ tackle (應對) world food shortage, some people think we should _ the amount of meat we eat.tend tochangeincrease/growas a result In order toreduceGrammar Focus： can, could, be able toTask 1Read the example sentences from the text and

44、complete the rules that follow with can, could, is/are able to or was/were able to.Food became a big problem as we were not able to feed everyone.Can we really feed another 6 billion?So could space seeds really provide the answer to the worlds food problem?1 We use _ and is/are able to to talk about

45、 ability in the present and the future.2 We use could and _ to talk about ability in the past.3 _ is used to talk about ability in the past and possibility in the future.canwas/were able toCouldGrammar Focus： can, could, be able toTask 2Look at the pictures. Describe them to your partner and write s

46、entences using can or cant. The first one is already done for you.She cant play the violin.She can sing.He cant open it/the jar.Grammar Focus： can, could, be able toTask 3Complete the sentences with was/were (not) able to orcould (not). 1 I _ swim a mile easily when I was a child. 2 She _ rescue the

47、 man from the sea. 3 I _ contact him. His phone was off. 4 They _ play the piano when they were young. 5 I _ pass the exam after a lot of hard work. 6 I _ speak another language until I was 15.could/was able towas able towasnt able tocould/were able towas able tocouldnt/wasnt able toBeyond the TextT

48、ask 1Look at the dinner tables from different periods in Chinas history. Match the pictures to their descriptions.1 In the 1960s, people didnt have enough food to eat; starving (饑餓) was not strange to many people.2 In the 1980s, people had just enough food to eat.3 In the years around 2000, people h

49、ad lots of food and sometimes ate too much; increases in peoples weight and wasted food were common.4 People today put more emphasis on healthy dieting habits.DCBABeyond the TextTask 2Look at the pictures in Task 1 again and discuss the questions.1 What do you know about peoples lives in the four pe

50、riods?2 How do the changes in food reflect development in society? Why do we have those changes?Beyond the TextTask 3Besides food, what changes have the Chinese people experienced in clothing , housing and transportation over the past half a century? Share your opinions in small groups.Possible answ

51、ersClothing: Before the reform and opening-up, everyone dressed in blue, grey or black clothes. Since the reform and opening-up, the colour and style of clothes are more diverse, and great changes have taken place in fabric and texture. The pursuit of individuality and fashion has become the new fas

52、hion.Housing: Before the reform and opening-up, living conditions remained poor, with little decoration inside houses. Since the reform and opening-up, living conditions have improved significantly. Many people live in spacious buildings.Transportation: Before the reform and opening-up , the country

53、s transportation resources were extremely limited, with only buses and bicycles. The few bus lines were often crowded. Since the reform and opening-up, traffic conditions have been improved that railways, roads and airlines are growing rapidly. Bus routes are increased with improving facilities; tax

54、is, private cars, subways, light rails (輕軌)and other new vehicles appear.Task 1Look at the pictures of some foods. Guess and match the foods tothe countries they are typically eaten in. Check your predictions after reading the text.READING FOR DOING1 jiaozi2 cotechino con lenticchie (green lentils w

55、ith sausage)3 herring4 vasilopitta5 green bean casseroleTask 2Do the foods in the pictures in Task1 have special meaning? Readthe text and find out.READING FOR DOINGBreakfast eaten quickly before the journey to college or work, lunch eaten while we work, dinner as a takeaway they probably sound quit

56、e normal to many people. For them food is just functionalsomething to fit in to the busy day. However, many foods also carry meaning andmean something greater. Here we look at the meaning of some foods around the world.Foods with Meaning譯譯文文More information有意義的食物上學或上班前匆匆吃個早餐，邊工作邊吃午餐，晚餐是外賣食品這對很多人來說也許

57、聽上去再正常不過了。對于他們來說，食物僅僅是功能性的，是繁忙的一天中必可不少的一部分。然而，很多食物也是有意義的而且意義深遠。現(xiàn)在，就讓我們一起來看看大千世界中一些食物的意義。WealthJiaozi are traditionally eaten at a family dinner on the eve of Chinese New Year. It symbolises wealth and prosperity for the coming year. A popular New Years meal in Italy is cotechino con lenticchie (gree

58、n lentils with sausage). The shape of the lentils and the fact that they grow in water symbolises wealth. In Germany, Poland and Scandinavia, its believed that eating herring at midnight will ensure a year of wealth.Foods with Meaning譯譯文文財富財富在中國，除夕年夜飯吃餃子是一個重要的傳統(tǒng)。它象征了來年的財富和繁榮。扁豆配香腸是意大利深受歡迎的新年食物。扁豆形狀細

59、長，又生長在水中，故而象征著財富。在德國、波蘭和斯堪的納維亞地區(qū)，人們認為午夜吃青魚能確保一整年都很富有。ProgressIn some countries, including Cuba, Spain, Portugal, Hungary and Austria, pigs symbolise progress. Its not limited to pork, even biscuits and cakes shaped like a pig are thought to be symbols of progress.Foods with Meaning譯譯文文進步進步在包括古巴、西班牙、

60、葡萄牙、匈牙利和奧地利在內的一些國家，豬象征著進步.（這一象征）并不僅限于豬肉，甚至是豬形狀的餅干和蛋糕都被視為是進步的象征。LuckIn Greece, people eat a round cake called vasilopitta, which is made with a coin baked inside. Whoever gets the coin is lucky throughout the year. In countries such as Spain, Portugal and Peru, at New Year people eat 12 grapes at mid

61、night to symbolise having 12 lucky months in the coming year.Foods with Meaning譯譯文文幸運幸運在希臘，人們會吃一種被稱作希臘年糕的圓形蛋糕，蛋糕里面放有一枚硬幣，得到硬幣的人一整年都會有好運氣。在西班牙、葡萄牙和秘魯?shù)葒?，人們會在新年的午夜時分吃12 顆葡萄，以象征未來12 個月里都會有好運相伴。While many foods carry meaning, some “traditional” celebratory dishes were simply invented by companies to mak

62、e money. One example is the green bean casserole traditionally eaten at American Thanksgiving celebrations. It is not a centuries old recipe, but one invented by the Campbell Soup Company in 1955. Although these foods do not have actual meaning behind them, today we could not imagine celebrations wi

63、thout them.Foods with Meaning譯譯文文雖然很多食物都有意義，但一些“傳統(tǒng)的”慶祝菜肴其實只是公司為了掙錢發(fā)明出來的，其中一個實例便是美國人慶祝感恩節(jié)會吃的綠豆砂鍋。綠豆砂鍋并不是一個有百年歷史的老食譜，而是由金寶湯公司在1955 年發(fā)明的。雖然這些食物背后并無實際意義，但如果沒有它們，難以想象今天的我們該如何慶祝這些節(jié)日。New Words Phrases and Expressions #takeaway functional eve symbolise prosperity #lentil #sausagefit in on the eve ofProper N

64、ames #herring midnight ensure #pork #biscuit coin bakeinside throughout celebratory #casserole #Thanksgiving celebration recipetakeawaye.g. Lets have a takeaway tonight. 咱們今晚叫外賣吃吧。 n. 外賣食品Back to Vocabularyfunctionale.g. The mirror is functional yet decorative. 這鏡子能照人，也有裝飾作用。 The two departments hav

65、e slight functional differences. 這兩個部門功能稍有不同。adj.實用的；有功能的Back to Vocabularydesigned to be useful rather than beautiful or attractiveevee.g. The evening party will take place on New Years Eve. 晚會將在除夕那天舉行。n. （節(jié)日等的）前夜；前夕Back to Vocabularysymbolisee.g. What do these strange marks symbolise? 這些奇怪的符號象征什么?

66、v. 象征；代表Back to Vocabularyprosperitye.g. Our futures prosperity depends on economic growth. 我們未來的繁榮昌盛依賴經濟的發(fā)展。 n.成功；繁榮；興旺Back to Vocabularylentile.g. My aunt made a lovely lentil soup. 我的阿姨做了一份好吃的扁豆湯。 n.小扁豆Back to Vocabularysausagee.g. The sausage began to spit on the grill. 架子上的香腸開始滋滋作響。 n. 香腸Back to Vocabularyherringe.g. Smoked herring is a local delicacy. 煙熏鯡魚是當?shù)氐囊环N美食。n.鯡魚；鯡魚肉Back to Vocabularymidnighte.g. The singing and dancing did not end until after midnight. 人們唱歌跳舞，一直持續(xù)到后半夜。n.子夜；午夜Back to