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1、2023年中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)閱讀專(zhuān)練 熱點(diǎn)77記憶力特征及改善方法 一、閱讀理解1 Languagestudentsoftenthinktheyhavememoryproblems.Theyworrybecausetheycan'trememberwords.Infact,theproblemusuallyisn'lwiththeirmemory.Theproblemiswithhowtheystudy. Torememberwordbetter,youneedtounderstandhowmemoryworks.Therearetwokindsofmemory:short-terman

2、dlong-term.Whenyousee,hearorreadsomething.Itgoesfirstintoshort-termmemory.Butshort-termmemorylastsforonlyafewseconds.Youwillonlyremembersomethinglongerifitgoesintolong-termmemory.Yourlong-termmemoryislikeaverybiglibrarywithmany,manybooks.Andlikealibrary,it'sorganized.Whenyouputawayabook-ormemory-you

3、can'tjustleaveitanywhere.Youhavetochooseaplacewhereyoucanfinditagain. Howcanyoudothiswilhvocabulary?Theansweristoworkwiththewordandthinkaboutlhewordinnewways.Youcandothisbywritingnewsentencesthatincludeit.Evenbetter,youcaninventalittlestoryabouttheword,wilhpeopleorplacesthatyouknow.Anotherwayistoma

4、keapictureinyourmindwiththeword.Forexample,ifthewordis“height",youcanthinkofthetallestpersonyouknowandtrytoguesshisorherheight.Alloftheseactivitiesarcgoodwaystothinkaboutwords.Theymakethemeaningofwordsstrongerinyourlong-termmemory.Andtheygiveawaytofindawordwhenyouneedit. 1. Inthewriter'sopinion,stu

5、dentscan'trememberwordsbecause. A. theyhavememoryproblemsB.theyaretooworriedC.theydon'tuseaproperwayD.theydon'tliketostudy 2. WhichisTRUEaboutmemoryaccordingtothepassage? A. Short-termmemoryisseldomusedWhatweseegoesintolong-termmemoryfirst. B. Wcwillforgetawordsoonifitgoesintoshort-termmemory.

6、C. Wcwillneverforgetawordifitgoesintolong-termmemory. 3. Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2refersto. A.everythinginlife C.short-termmemory B. somethingyou'veseen,heardorreadD.long-termmemory 4. Thispassagemainlytellsusabout. A. languagestudents'problemsinstudyhowtomakethemeaningofwordsstronger

7、 B. short-termandlong-termmemoryhowtoimprovewaystorememberwords 【答案】CCBD【解析】學(xué)語(yǔ)言的學(xué)生記不住單詞經(jīng)常認(rèn)為他們有記憶問(wèn)題，事實(shí)上他們是不知道如何學(xué)習(xí)，不了解記憶是如何工作的。記憶分短期記憶和長(zhǎng)期記憶，我們需要把短期記憶變成長(zhǎng)期記憶，那就記住了單詞。 1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A.theyhavememoryproblems他們有記憶問(wèn)題：B.theyaretooworried他們太擔(dān)心了：C.theydon'tuseaproperway他們不使用正確的方法；D.theydonlliketostudy他們不喜歡學(xué)習(xí)；定位至第

8、-段最后一句“Infact,theproblemusuallyisn'twiththeirmemory.Theproblemiswithhowtheystudy."所以是他們不知道如何學(xué)習(xí)，沒(méi)有正確的方法，故選C。 2. 推理判斷題。A.Short-termmemoryisseldomused短期記憶很少使用；B.Whatweseegoesintolong-termmemoryfirst.我們看到的首先進(jìn)入長(zhǎng)期記憶；C.Wcwillforgetawordsoonifitgoesintoshort-termmemory.如果一個(gè)單詞進(jìn)入短期記憶，我們很快就會(huì)忘記它；D.Wcwillneverf

9、orgetawordifitgoesintolong-termmemory.如果一個(gè)單詞進(jìn)入長(zhǎng)期記憶，我們就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記它；A選項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及；B選項(xiàng)定位至第二段Ttgoesfirstintoshort-termmemory."首先是短期記憶，所以B錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)never太絕對(duì)，文中出現(xiàn)的是"sometimes",所以D錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)定位至文中第：段"Butshort-termmemorylastsforonlyafewseconds."但是短期記憶只能持續(xù)幾秒鐘，所以正確。故選C。 3. 推理判斷題。定位至第二段"Itgoesfirstintoshort-termmemory.",聯(lián)系上文“

10、Whenyousee,hearorreadsomething."所以此處是你看到、聽(tīng)到或讀到的東西，故選B。 4. 主旨大意題。A.languagestudents'problemsinstudy語(yǔ)言學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題;B.howtomakethemeaningofwordsstronger如何強(qiáng)化單詞的意義;C.short-termandlong-termmemory短期記憶和長(zhǎng)期記憶;D.howtoimprovewaystorememberwords如何提高記憶單詞的方法;全文圍繞howtoimprovewaystorememberwords展開(kāi)。A、B、C選項(xiàng)雖然文章也有提及到，但是內(nèi)容不

11、全面.故選D. 2 Whenyouwanttocallastoreoranofficethatyoudon'tcalloften,youmaylookthenumberupinatelephonebook.Youdial（撥）thenumber,andthenyouforgetit!Yourshort-temi（短期）memorylastabout30seconds.However,youdon'tneedtolookinthetelephonebookfbryourbestfriend'snumberbecauseyoualreadyknowit.Thisinformationisiny

12、ourlong-termmemory.Yourlong-termmemoryhaseverythingthatyourememberthroughtheyears. Whydoyouforgetthingssometimes?Therearcseveralreasons.Animportantreasonforforgettingsomethingisthatyoudidn'tlearnitwellinthebeginning.Forexample,youmeetsomenewpeople,andsoonyouforgettheirnames.Youhearthenamesbutyoudon

13、,tlearnthem,soyouforgetthem. Youcanhelpyourselfrememberbelter.Moveinformationfromyourshort-termmemoryloyourlong-termmemory.Youcandothisifyoupractisethenewinformationfbrmoretimes. 5. Whydoyouforgetthetelephonenumberthatyoudon'tcalloften? A. Becausethetelephonenumberistoolong. B. Becausethetelepho

14、nenumberisverystrange. C. Becauseyoulookitupinthetelephonebook. D. Becauseyouuseyourshort-termmemorytorememberit. 6. Howlongdoesaperson'sshort-termmemorylast? A. Abouthalfasecond.B.Abouthalfaminute. C. Abouthalfanhour.D.Abouthalfaday. 7. What'shelpfulfbryoutorememberbetter? A. Learnsomethingw

15、ellintheend. B. Looksomethingupoften. C. Useyourshort-termmemorytolearnthings. D. Moveinformationfromyourshort-termmemorytoyourlong-termmemory. 8. Thewritermainlywantstotellussomeideasonhowto. A. keepsomethinginmindlongB.learnaforeignlanguagewellC.makeatelephonecallD.rememberaperson'sname 【答案】

16、DBDA 【解析】本文主要介紹了為什么人們會(huì)忘記一些東西以及如何長(zhǎng)時(shí)間記住東西的方法。 5. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Youdial（撥）thenumber,andthenyouforgetit!Yourshort-term（短期）memorylastabout30seconds”可知，忘記不經(jīng)常打的電話號(hào)碼是因?yàn)槎虝r(shí)記憶記住了這個(gè)號(hào)碼，而短時(shí)訕憶只持續(xù)30秒。故選D。 6. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段'Youdial（撥）thenumber,andlhenyouforgetil!”可知短時(shí)記憶持續(xù)30秒,即半分鐘。故選B°細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后—段“Youcanhelpyourselfrem

17、emberbetter.Moveinformationfromyourshort-termmemorytoyourlong-termmemory「'可知把信息從短期記憶轉(zhuǎn)移到長(zhǎng)期記憶，可以幫助記得更好。故選D。 7. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Youcanhelpyourselfrememberbetter.Moveinformationfromyourshort-termmemorytoyourlong-termmemory.Youcandothisifyoupractisethenewinformationfbrmoretimes."你可以幫助自己更好地記住，將信息從短時(shí)記憶轉(zhuǎn)移到長(zhǎng)期記

18、憶，你如果反復(fù)練習(xí)新的信息，就可以做到這一點(diǎn)?？赏浦髡呤窍敫嬖V我們?nèi)绾伍L(zhǎng)時(shí)間記住東西。故選A。 3 YouCanBeaWorldMemoryChampion! Everyyear,peoplewithamazingmemoryskillscompeteinaneventcalledtheWorldMemoryChampionships.Thetasksrequirehugepowersofmemoryretention:rememberingtheorderof52cardsinadeck（副）；memorizingthenamesof110peopleafterlookingatth

19、eirpictures;andothertasks.Completinganyofthesetasksmaynotseemeasyforthenormalperson,butscientificproofseemstoshowthatevensomeonewithnormalskillscan,throughtraining,improvehisorhermemoryskillsandbecomeamemorychampion. Onememorychampionexplainedhismethodsofrecallingtheorderofthecardsinadeck.Firstly,h

20、econnectedaperson,anactionandathingwitheachcard.Forexample,thekingofheartsisElvisPresley,eating,achocolatesandwich.Thethreeofspades（黑桃）isRockyBalboa,boxing,MadisonSquareGarden.ThetenofheartsisWilliamShakespeare,writingHamlet,abrokenpen.Takeapersonfromthefirstcard,anactionfromthesecondcard,andathingf

21、romthethirdcardsothatanygroupofthreecardscreatesavivid（生動(dòng)的）imagethatiseasiertorecall.Forexample:king-tcn-thrccbecomesElvisPresleywritingHamletinMadisonSquareGarden一amemorableimage. Still,evenhavingcreatedimagesforeachgroupofthreecards,itisdifficultlokeeptheminorder.Thisisdoneusingthelocimethod,orwh

22、atsomecalla“MemoryPalace"-atermcreatedbyFrancesYatesinhis1966bookTheArtofMemory-whichisasimplehuteffectivemethoddiscoveredbytheancientGreeks. Butarctherepeoplewithnaturallyamazingmemories?Thewinnerofthe2011WorldMemoryChampionshipswas21-year-oldChineseWangFeng.liesaidhehada"normalmemoryasachild,"and

23、nospecialtalentexceptforthehardworkandattentiontodetail. Althoughmanystillthinkthatpeoplehaveeithergoodorbadmemoriesfrombirth,thatneednotbetrue.Byusingthemethodsofgrouping,connectingwithvividimages,andthelocimethod,wecanallimproveourmemories.Whoknows-youmightevenbecomethenextWorldMemoryChampion! 8

24、. AccordingtoParagraph2,tcn-king-thrcccancreateanimageof. A. WilliamShakespeareeatinginMadisonSquareGardenHamleteatingachocolatesandwichwithabrokenpen B. RockyBalboawritingHamletwithabrokenpenElvisPresleyboxinginMadisonSquareGarden 9. Whyislocimethodusefulformemorizingthecards? A. Itconnectsthei

25、mageswiththeirtimeorder. B. Itreorganizesthecardstobuildavividpalace. C. Itusesthetermsfromabooktocreateanewimage. D. Ithelpsmemorizetheorderofthethree-cardgroups. 10. What'sthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage? A. TbpraisethewinnersoftheWorldMemoryChampionship. B. TohelppeoplewintheWorl

26、dMemoryChampionship. C. Tbshowagoodmemoryismoreamatteroftraining. D. lbexplainmethodsofrememberingadeckofcards. 【答案】ADC 【解析】本文主要講了驚人的記憶力可以通過(guò)訓(xùn)練獲得，每個(gè)人都可以成為記憶力冠軍。 9. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“king-ten-threebecomesElvisPresleywritingHamletinMadisonSquareGarden一amemorableimage"可知，不同紙牌數(shù)字背后都有可代表的東西，故選A。 10. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"

27、Still,evenhavingcreatedimagesfbreachgroupofthreecards,itisdifficulttokeeptheminorder.Thisisdoneusingthelocimethod”可知，loci記憶辦法就是來(lái)確定各組創(chuàng)建三張卡片圖像的順序，故選D. 11. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)"Byusingthemethodsofgrouping,connectingwithvividimages,andthelocimethod,wecanallimproveourmemories.Whoknows-youmightevenbecomethenextWorld

28、MemoryChampion"及全文的描述，可知，作者的目的是告訴讀者，通過(guò)使用一些記憶方法，大家都可以提升自己的記憶能力，故選C。 4 Whowouldwininacompetitiontomemorizenumbers,achimp（黑猩猩）orateenager?Theteenager?Thinkagain.Scientistshaveprovedthatchimpsperformbetterthanhumanbeingswhenitconiestothiskindofproblem.Wcmayhavetorethinkwhatwebelieveabouthumanmemory.

29、Memoryisourabilitytolearnsomething,saveitandrecallitwhenneeded.Ourmemoriesarcimportanttooursenseofself,ourpersonalities,andourabilitytounderstandtheworld. Scientistssaythattherearedifferenttypesofmemory.Thereisshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.Yourshort-termmemorysavesinformationforafewsecondsoraf

30、ewminutes.Forexample,thetimei(takes(ocomparethepricesofafewitemsinastore.Long-termmemoryinvolvestheinformationyoutryhardtokeep,becauseit'smeaningfultoyou(anexampleisdataaboutfamilyandfriends.)Andthenthereisvisualmemoryandsoundmemory.Butthesearcnothardandfast:scientistsarguealotaboutthenatureofmemory

31、. Scientistshavealsofoundthatpeoplememorizethingsindifferentways.Somememorizebetterwiththehelpofpictures.Othersarehelpedmorebysounds.Onething'sfbrsure.Ifyoucancombinedifferentkindsofmemorytogether,youwillrememberalot!SowhynottrypictureswithEnglishwords?Atthesametimelistentorecordingsofthesamegroupo

32、fwords.Itmayhelpwhenitcomestomemorizingit. Imaginationandassociationcanbeuseful(oo.Byimaginationscientistsmeanpicturingawordinyourmind.Associationmeansrelaiingthewordtosomethingyoualreadyknow. 12. WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1? A. Chimpsareclevererthanhumanbeings. B. Chimpscanmemorizenumbersbette

33、rthanteenagers. C. Humanmemoryisnotasgoodasbefore. D. Chimpsperformbetterthanhumanbeingsinmanyaspects. 13. Howmanykindsofmemoryarementionedinthearticle? A. TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.FiveAccordingtothearticle,whichof(hefollowingisthebestwaytomemorizewords? A. BywatchingTV.B.Bylistening(omusic. C.Bywrit

34、ingthemoutmanytimes.D.Bylisteningandwatchingpictures. 14. Whatdocstheunderlinedword“relating”meanaccordingtothepassage? A. 聯(lián)系B.猜測(cè)C.結(jié)合D.替代Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingisTRUE? A. Memoryisthemostimportantabilityforhumanbeings. B. Long-termmemoryusuallyinvolvesmoreimportantthings. C. Sc

35、ientistshavemadesureofthenatureofmemory. D. Imaginationisbetterthanassociationinmemorizingthings. 【答案】BCDAB【解析】本文介紹了記憶的類(lèi)型，以及人們用不同的方法記憶東西。想象和聯(lián)想也對(duì)記憶有幫助。 11. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段'"Scientistshaveprovedthatchimpsperformbetterthanhumanbeingswhenitcomestothiskindofproblem?'nJ知，黑猩猩比青少年更能記住數(shù)字。故選B。 12. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段

36、“Thereisshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.”和“Andthenthereisvisualmemoryandsoundmemory.”町知，文中提到記憶的類(lèi)型有短期記憶，長(zhǎng)期記憶，視覺(jué)記憶和聲音記憶，因此一共有四種類(lèi)型，故選C。 13. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"SowhynottrypictureswithEnglishwords?Atthesametimelistentorecordingsofthesamegroupofwords.Itmayhelpwhenitcomestomemorizingit.”可知，記單詞得最好的方法是"聽(tīng)錄音"和"看圖

37、片"，故選D。 14. 詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段''Associationmeansrelatingthewordtosomethingyoualreadyknow"可知，此處表示把單詞和你己經(jīng)知道的東兩聯(lián)系起來(lái)；故劃線部分relating意為“聯(lián)系”，故選A。 15. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Long-termmemoryinvolvestheinformationyoutryhardtokeep,becauseit'smeaningfultoyou（anexampleisdataaboutfamilyandfriends.）"可知,長(zhǎng)期記憶通常涉及更重要的事情,故選Bo5 Memor

38、yisessential重要）forlife.Wehaveashort-termmemoryandalong-termmemory.Whenwegetold,ourshort-termmemorybecomesweaker,butwecanstillrememberthingsthathappenedalongtimeago.Therearemanythingswecandotoimproveourmemory,suchasusingvariousmemorizingmethodsaswellastakingspecialcareofourhealth. Itisimportantthatw

39、eregularlystimulate（刺激）ourbraintomakeourmemorymoreefficient（有效）.Forexample,wecandoactivitiesthatwedonotusuallydoandchangeourdailyhabits.Learninganewskillhelpsourbraindevelop. Whentryingtomemorizesomething,wcshouldfocusourattentiononthemostimportantthingsaboutit.Donotallowotherthoughtstoenterourmind

40、becausethiswilllowerourchancesofrememberingthingscorrectly. Onebasicwayofimprovingourmemoryistousethelinkmethod.Ifwewanttomemorizesomething,weshouldmakeapictureinourmind.Ifthepictureissilly,strangeandcolourful,wewillrememberitbetter. Takingnotes,beingorganizedandkeepingadiarywillalsobeusefultools.

41、 Sometimes,memoryisconnectedwithourfeelings.Whensomethingdramatichappens,weusuallyrememberitwell,andwealsorememberwherewewereandwhatweweredoing. Healthyfoodandplentyofvitaminsareimportanttoourmemory.Drinkingalolofwateralsohelpsmaintainourmemory. Whenweareasleep,ourbrainstoresmemory.Notenoughsleep

42、can,therefore,causeproblemswithstoringinformation.Inaddition,beingtiredwillstopusfrombeingabletorememberwell.Asaresult,keepingfitandhavingregularhealthchecksarcbothimportantaswell. 16. Howdocspeople'smemorychangewhentheygetolder? A. Theshort-termmemorybecomesstronger. B. Theshort-termmemorybecome

43、sweaker. C. Thelong-termmemorybecomesstronger. D. Thelong-termmemorybecomesweaker. 17. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingCANNOTbereineinberedbetterinashort(ime? A. Astrangeinsect. B. Acolourfulletter. C. Adramaticevent. D. Aboringtalk. 18. Whenpeopletrytoremembertheword4smiles',aneasy

44、waytodothisistoimaginethereisa'mile'betweenthefirstletterandthelastletter.Thisisbecausethey. A. usethelinkmethodconnecti(withfeelings B. haveagoodresttakesomenotes 19. WhatSHOULDpeopledowhentheytrytomaketheirmemorymoreefficient? A. Alwaysdothesamethingsandneverchangetheirdailyhabits. B. Memoriz

45、esomethingwhilelisteningtomusicorwatchingTV. C. Keepotherideasoutoftheirmindwhenfocusingattention. D. Sleepatmost6hoursadayanddrinkalotofcoffeeortea. 20. What'sthebesttitleofthispassage? A. HowtoUseMemoryToolsHowtoKeepLong-termMemory B. HowtoImproveOurMemoryHowtoStayHealthy 【答案】BDACC【解析】在生活中記憶

46、是必不可少的。我們有一個(gè)短期記憶和長(zhǎng)期記憶。當(dāng)我們變老的時(shí)候，我們的短期記憶變得更弱，但我們?nèi)匀豢梢杂浀煤芫靡郧鞍l(fā)生的事情。有許多事情我們可以做，以改善我們的記憶，如使用各種記憶方法，以及特別關(guān)注我們的健康。 15. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Whenwegetold.ourshort-termmemorybecomesweaker可知當(dāng)我們變老的時(shí)候，我們的短期記憶變得更弱，所以選B。 16. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的描述可知該選D。 17. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的描述中這是使用鏈接方法來(lái)記憶，所以選A。 18. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的描述可知人們努力使記憶更有效時(shí)要集中注意力，要

47、把其他想法放在心外。所以選C。 19. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。仔細(xì)讀短文可知該文主要介紹了如何改善我們的記憶，所以選C。 二、完型填空 Deepsleepisimportant.Ithelpsuskeepagoodmemory.Butaswegrowolder,oursleepandmemorybecome22Howcanolderadultsmaintain（保持）deepsleepandstrongmemories? Anewstudyshowsthatone23wavistolistentoakindofsoundcalled"pinknoise".Itisthesoundoffallin

48、grain,blowingwindandsoon.It'scalledpinknoisebecauseitsits24whitenoiseandrednoiseontheaudiospcctrum（音頻頻譜）. Inthestudy,scientists25thirteenadultsabove60yearsoldtospendtwonightsinasleeplab.Bothnights,theparticipants（參與者）tookamemorytestandwenttobedwearingheadphones.Thenextmorning,theyweretestedagainaft

49、er26up. Oneofthenights,27wasplayedthroughtheparticipants'headphones.Theothernight,however,pinknoisewasplayed. Herearetheresults.Whenparticipantssleptwithpinknoiseon,theyhad28periodsofdeepsleep.Theyalsoperformedthreetimesbetteronthememorytestthenextmorningthanthey29aftersleepingin30_. However,beca

50、usethestudywasverysmall,scientistsstillneedtodomorestudiestoseehow31pinknoiseisforpeople'ssleepandmemory.Anyway,itisamazing,isn'tit? 22.A.clearer B.darker C.worse D.better 23.A.easy B.cheap C.crazy D.quiet 24.A.opposite B.without C.between D.beyond 25.A.forced B.invited C.reminded D.

51、advised 26.A.looking B.staying C.making D.waking 27A.anything B.nothing C.everything D.something 28.A.longer B.shorter C.higher D.lower 29.A.are B.did C.were D.do 30.A.fear B.trouble C.order D.silence 31.A.awful B.grateful C.helpful D.careful 【答案】CACBDBABDC 【解析】本文是新聞?lì)愰喿x，報(bào)道了

52、一項(xiàng)新的研究，通過(guò)聽(tīng)一種叫做“粉紅噪音”的聲音能夠幫助老年人保持深度睡眠和強(qiáng)記憶。 20. 句意：但隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們的睡眠和記憶力變得越來(lái)越差。 clearer更清楚的：darker更黑的：worse更壞/差的；belter更好的。根據(jù)“aswegrowolder隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)”,可知人的睡眠和記憶力會(huì)變差，ABD三項(xiàng)不合句意，故選C。 21. 句意：最新研究表明，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是聽(tīng)一種叫做“粉紅噪音”的聲音。 easy簡(jiǎn)單的；cheap廉價(jià)的；crazy瘋狂的；quiet安靜的。根據(jù)空后“way”，可知后面三項(xiàng)不合語(yǔ)境，這是一種很簡(jiǎn)單的方法，故選A。 22. 句意：它被稱(chēng)為粉

53、紅噪聲是因?yàn)樗挥谝纛l頻譜的白噪聲和紅噪聲之間。 opposite對(duì)面的:without沒(méi)有；between在某某兩者之間:beyond超出<>because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)“whitenoiseandrednoise白噪聲和紅噪聲"，nJ知是兩者之間，故選C。 23. 句意：在這項(xiàng)研究中，科學(xué)家們邀請(qǐng)了13名60歲以上的成年人在睡眠實(shí)驗(yàn)室呆了兩個(gè)晚上。 forced強(qiáng)迫；invited邀請(qǐng)：reminded提醒；advised建議。根據(jù)研究的對(duì)象"thirteenadultsabove60yearsold13名60歲以上的成年人”，可知invite切合語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)該是邀請(qǐng)他們參與研究

54、，故選B。 24. 句意：第二天早上，他們醒來(lái)后再次接受測(cè)試。 look看；stay停留：make制造；wake睡醒。wakeup睡醒，根據(jù)"Thenextmorning第二天早上”，可知wake叩符合句意，故選D。 25. 句意：其中一個(gè)晚上，沒(méi)有任何東西通過(guò)參與者的耳機(jī)播放。 anything任何事，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句代替something；nothing沒(méi)有東西，表否定；everything每件something某事，表不確定。根據(jù)下文的轉(zhuǎn)折“Thenextmorning,theyweretestedagainafterwake叩然而，有一天晚上，音樂(lè)響起了粉紅色的噪音"，可知本

55、句表達(dá)“沒(méi)有播放什么擔(dān)東西"，是否定句，nothing符合句意，故選B。 26. 句意：當(dāng)參與者在粉色噪音下睡覺(jué)時(shí)，他們的深度睡眠時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。 longer更長(zhǎng)；shorter更短；higher更高；lower更低。根據(jù)卜文的結(jié)果"Theyalsoperfonnedthreetimesbetteron(hememorytestthenextmorningthan(heydidaftersleepinginsilence在第：天早上的訕憶測(cè)試中，他們的表現(xiàn)比在安靜中睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候好三倍"，可知在粉色噪音下他們的深度睡眠時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，故選A。 27. 句意：在第二天早上的記憶測(cè)試中，他們的表現(xiàn)比安靜睡

56、覺(jué)后要好三倍。 are是，系詞，were是過(guò)去式;de做，動(dòng)詞，did是過(guò)去式。than比，用于比較；根據(jù)上文“Theyalsoperformed...onthememorytestthenextmorning在第二天早上他們做的記憶測(cè)試中”，可知比在安靜中睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候好三倍，設(shè)空處是performed,用did代替，故選B。 28. 句意：在第二天早上的記憶測(cè)試中，他們的表現(xiàn)比安靜睡覺(jué)后要好三倍。 fear害怕;trouble麻煩；order順序；silence沉默?insilence在安靜中：根據(jù)"aftersleeping睡覺(jué)后”，可知insilence符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。 29.

57、句意：然而，由于這項(xiàng)研充的規(guī)模很小，科學(xué)家們還需要做更多的研究來(lái)了解粉紅噪音對(duì)人們的睡眠和記憶有多大的幫助。 awful可怕的；grateful感激的；helpful有幫助的；careful細(xì)心的。根據(jù)上面的調(diào)查結(jié)果，可知粉紅噪音對(duì)人們的睡眠和記憶有幫助；ABD三項(xiàng)不合句意，故選C。 三、短文首字母填空 Sometimes,childrencan'tkeepasinglebitofinformationin(heirmindwhiletheyaredoingsomethingelse.Ifso,theymayhaveproblemswiththeirworkingmemory.Itisa

58、nimportants37,forchildren.Herearesome(38.tohelpimprovechildren'sworkingmemory. Readactively.Theymayformlong-term(長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的)memoriesmoree39.whenchildrentakepartinactivereading.Activereadingi40.notonlyaskingnotes,butalsospeakingaloudandaskingquestionsaboutthematerialthattheyarereading. 4. Thispassagemain

59、lytellsusabout. A. languagestudents'problemsinstudyhowtomakethemeaningofwordsstronger B. short-termandlong-termmemoryhowtoimprovewaystorememberwords 2 Whenyouwanttocallastoreoranofficethatyoudon'tcalloften,youmaylookthenumberupinatelephonebook.Youdial（撥）thenumber,andthenyouforgetit!Yourshort-ter

60、m（短期）memorylastabout30seconds.However,youdon'tneedtolookinthetelephonebookforyourbestfriend^numberbecauseyoualreadyknowit.Thisinformationisinyourlong-termmemory.Yourlong-termmemoryhaseverythingthatyourememberthroughtheyears. Whydoyouforgetthingssometimes?Thereareseveralreasons.Animportantreasonforf

61、orgettingsomethingisthatyoudidn'tleaniitwellinthebeginning.Forexample,youmeetsomenewpeople,andsoonyouforgettheirnames.Youhearthenamesbutyoudon'tlearnthem,soyouforgetthem. Youcanhelpyourselfrememberbelter.Moveinformationfromyourshort-termmemorytoyourlong-termmemory.Youcandothisifyoupractisethenewinf

62、ormationtormoretimes. 5. Whydoyouforgetthetelephonenumberthatyoudon'tcalloften? A. Becausethetelephonenumberistoolong. B. Becausethetelephonenumberisverystrange. C. Becauseyoulookitupinthetelephonebook. D. Becauseyouuseyourshort-termmemorytorememberit. 6. Howlongdoesaperson'sshort-termmemoryla

63、st? A.Abouthalfasecond.B.Abouthalfaminute. C.Abouthalfanhour.D.Abouthalfaday. 7. What'shelpfulfbryoutorememberbetter? A. Learnsomethingwellintheend. B. Looksomethingupoften. C. Useyourshort-termmemorytolearnthings. D. Moveinformationfromyourshort-termmemorytoyourlong-termmemory. Usevisualiza

64、tion(形象化)skills.Whenreadingsomething,askchildrentoimaginethesceneofthestoryandd41,it.Forexample,askthemtosetatabicfbrafewpeopleandhaveap42.intheirmind,andthenhaveadescription. Askthemtoteachothers.Teachinga43.personmeansbeingabletounderstandtheinformationwellbeforesayingitaloud.Whenchildrenarelearn

65、inganewskill,askthemtoshowothersh44.todoit.Theyshouldbeabletoexplainittoothers. Moreover,therearelotsofmatchinggamesthatcanbep45.toimprovetheirworkingmemory,oryoucanusesomethingsimple146.amagazineoranewspaper.Havethemfindacertainwordasmanytimesastheycaninoneminute. 【答案】(s)kill 37. (t)ips(e)asily

66、 38. ⑴ncludes(d)escribe 39. (p)icture(a)nother 40. (h)ow(p)layed 41. (l)ike【解析】本文主要介紹了一些提高孩子們工作記憶的建議。 37. 句意：這是一項(xiàng)對(duì)兒童.來(lái)說(shuō)很重要的技能。根據(jù)4tSomctirncs,childrencan'tkeepasinglebitofinformationintheirmindwhiletheyarcdoingsomethingelse.Ifso,theymayhaveproblemswiththeirworkingmemory."和首字母提示可知，空格處表達(dá)重要的“技巧"，skill技巧，“an”后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。故填(s)kilU句意：以卜是一些有助于提高兒童工作記憶的建議。根據(jù)下文"Readactively...Usevisualizationskills...v和首字母提示可知，空格處表達(dá)“建議"，tip建議，“some”后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填(t)ipso 38. 句意：當(dāng)孩子們參加主動(dòng)閱讀時(shí)，他們更容易形成長(zhǎng)期記憶。根據(jù)“Readactively"和首字母提示