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1、第 9 9 講 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I think high school students should_ (give)pocket money.be givengoes2.The earth _ (go) around the sun.3.Black tea_ (invent) in China more than600 years ago.was inventedwill be4.There _ (be) more than 50 schools in our city nextyear.isnt allowedhave had5.Parking _ (no

2、t allow) here.6.I _ (have) this bike for more than two years.二、單句改錯(cuò)not allowis not allowed1.I buy a new shirt yesterday._2.When we reach there, they work for a long time._3 . The child not allow to play computer games beforefinishing homework._4.Jane go to school by bus._gogoes5.The meeting holds ne

3、xt week._buyboughtworkhave workedholdswill be held時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)；表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作；表示主語具備的性格、特征和能力等；表示客觀真理。主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；其他情況用動詞原形。sometimes,often, usually,always, never,everymorning/afternoon/evening,every day, onSunday(s)等。I leave homefor school at 7everymorning.我每天早晨 7 點(diǎn)從家出發(fā)去學(xué)校。Shan

4、ghai lies in the eastof China.上海位于中國的東部。動詞的時(shí)態(tài)常考的各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)表示過去曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。動詞的過去式y(tǒng)esterday, lastnight/Monday/week/month/year, in 2010,three monthsago, just now等。When I was achild, I oftenplayedfootball in thestreet.當(dāng)我還是個(gè)孩子時(shí)，我經(jīng)常在街上踢足球。一般將來時(shí)表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。shall/will動詞原形；begoing to動詞原形tomorrow,n

5、ext year, intwo years,from now on,in the future等。They aregoing to havea sportsmeeting in aweek.他們一周后要舉行一場運(yùn)動會。時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。is/am/are動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)now, at themoment, atpresent,these days等。We are havingan Englishclass now.我們現(xiàn)在正在上英語課。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。was/were動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞a

6、t this timeyesterday, at9 last night,from 7 to 9yesterdaymorningThey werewatching TVat 7 last night.昨晚 7 點(diǎn)他們正在看電視。續(xù)表 注意：come, go, leave, arrive 等表示位置移動的動詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的或計(jì)劃好的事情。如：Im leaving tomorrow.我明天動身。動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)1一般情況直接加-s。如：stopstopslooklooks readreads2以 s, x, ch, sh, o 結(jié)尾的動詞加-es。如：watchwatchesmis

7、smisseswashwashesfixfixesdodoes3以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的動詞，變 y 為 i 再加-es。如：hurryhurries crycries carrycarries4be 動詞的三種形式：am, is, are5特殊：havehas動詞的過去式和過去分詞1規(guī)則動詞：(1)一般情況直接加-ed。如：rainrained cleancleanedwatchwatched(2)以不發(fā)音字母 e 結(jié)尾的動詞，只加-d。如：livelivedlikeliked movemoved(3)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ed。如：dropdropped

8、 stopstopped planplanned(4)以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的動詞，應(yīng)變 y 為 i 再加-ed。 如：carrycarried studystudied crycried2不規(guī)則動詞：不規(guī)則動詞過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，只能分別記憶。動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞1一般情況在詞尾加-ing。如：listenlistening dodoingstudystudying2以不發(fā)音字母 e 結(jié)尾的動詞，去 e 加-ing。如：havehaving makemaking3以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫該輔音字母，再加-ing。如：runrunninggetgettingbeginb

9、eginning4以字母 ie 結(jié)尾的動詞，變 ie 為 y 再加-ing。如：diedyinglielying 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的一些重要用法1短暫性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞短暫性動詞可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，說明某個(gè)動作的結(jié)果還存在，但不能與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，也不能用于 how long引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中。如需使用，此時(shí)要將短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞。如：borrowkeepbuyhavediebe deadjoinbe a member of/be inbegin/startbe onfinish/endbe overcome/go/arrivebe in/atleavebe away (from)

10、becomebeopenbe openclosebe closedsleepbe asleepmarrybe marriedreturnbe backget upbe up2have/has gone to, have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的區(qū)別(1)have/has gone to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人還未回來。如：Has he gone to Qingdao？他去青島了嗎？(2)have/has been to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“去過某地”，人已經(jīng)回來了。如：Have you been to our town before?你以前曾經(jīng)去過我們鎮(zhèn)嗎

11、？(3)have/has been in 強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直待在某地”，常與一段時(shí)間連用。如：He has been in Guangzhou since 1989.他自從 1989 年就待在廣州了。3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)；一般過去時(shí)僅強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去某一時(shí)刻曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。如：He has studied English for five years.他學(xué)英語五年了。(說明他現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))He studied English for five years.他曾學(xué)過五年英語。(只說明他過去學(xué)過五年英語，但現(xiàn)在學(xué)不學(xué)就不知道了)(

12、2)一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。被動語態(tài)動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)則表示主語是謂語動作的承受者。中考考綱只要求考生掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)及含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)肯定句：主語am/is/are過去分詞其他否定句：主語am/is/arenot過去分詞其他一般疑問句：Am/Is/Are主語過去分詞其他？2一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)肯定句：主語was/were過去分詞其他否定句：主語was/werenot過去分詞其他一般疑問句：Was/Were主

13、語過去分詞其他？3一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)肯定句：主語will/shallbe過去分詞其他否定句：主語will/shallnotbe過去分詞其他一般疑問句：Will/Shall主語be過去分詞其他？4一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)肯定句：主語情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞其他否定句：主語情態(tài)動詞notbe過去分詞其他一般疑問句：情態(tài)動詞主語be過去分詞其他？被動語態(tài)的用法1當(dāng)不知道或沒必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用被動語態(tài)。如：He was seen to go to the church.他被看到去了教堂。This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋于 1981 年竣工。2需強(qiáng)調(diào)或

14、突出動作的承受者時(shí)常用被動語態(tài)。此時(shí)動作的執(zhí)行者由 by 引導(dǎo)且置于謂語動詞之后，也可省略。如：She is liked by everyone.她被每個(gè)人所喜愛。The novel was translated, read and filmed by people.這部小說被人們翻譯、閱讀并拍成電影。3.當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)，多用被動語態(tài)。如：The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整個(gè)村莊都被洪水沖走了。The window was blown open by wind.窗戶被風(fēng)吹開了。4表示客觀的說明常用“It is過去分

15、詞that 從句”句型。這類句型有：It is said that.據(jù)說It is known to all that.眾所周知It is reported that.據(jù)報(bào)道It is believed that.大家相信5為了使句子簡練，上下文緊湊、連貫，常使用被動語態(tài)。如：Apples are good for health and are liked by almost everyone.蘋果對健康有益，幾乎所有人都喜歡。When he was five, he was taught how to swim.五歲的時(shí)候，他就被教會如何游泳。6文章的標(biāo)題、廣告、新聞等用語也常使用被動語態(tài)。

16、如：Teachers Wanted.招聘老師。(省略 are)Road Blocked.道路堵塞。(省略 is)注意：不及物動詞( 短語 )happen/take place, appear,disappear, come true, come out 等無被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示被動意義1 系動詞 look, sound, smell, taste, seem, turn, get, become等的主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義(系動詞無被動式)。如：The idea sounds great.這主意聽起來不錯(cuò)。The flowers look beautiful.這些花看起來很漂亮。2動詞不定式作定

17、語時(shí)常用主動形式表示被動意義。如：I have a lot of homework to do every day.我每天都有很多作業(yè)要做。She has a letter to write.她有一封信要寫。3need doing (need to be done)用主動形式表示被動意義。如：This shirt needs washing.This shirt needs to be washed.這襯衫需要清洗了。()1.(2013 年廣東)Hot water_ in the studentsflats from 5 p.m.to 7 p.m.now.A.suppliesC.supplie

18、dB.is suppliedD.was suppliedB water 與 supply 之間是動賓關(guān)系，故排除 A、C 兩項(xiàng)；且由 now 可知描述的是一般情況，故選 B。()2.(2014 年廣東)Our English teacher is very nice.We_ friends since three years ago.AwereChave beenBbecameDhave madeC 由 since (自從)可以判斷該句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。become,make 是短暫性動詞，不能和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間連用；單獨(dú)的 be動詞不能表達(dá)動詞的連續(xù)性。故選 C。()3.(2014 年廣東)Jen

19、ny _ in the kitchen whenyou called her at 5 oclock this afternoon.Ais cookingBwas cookingCcooksDCookedB 題意：當(dāng)你今天下午 5 點(diǎn)打電話給 Jenny 時(shí)，她正在廚房里做飯。表示過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。()4.(2012 年廣東廣州)Ive got the final Harry Potterbook.You will love it.I _ it twice already.A.am readingB.have readC.was readingD.will readB

20、題意：“我買到最后一部哈里波特了?！薄澳銜矚g的，我已經(jīng)看了兩遍了?！备鶕?jù) already 可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。()5.(2012 年廣東佛山)The cleaners _ the streetand it is quite clean now.Aare sweepingBwill sweepChave sweptC題意：清潔工人已經(jīng)掃過這條街，現(xiàn)在它很干凈。根據(jù)題意，動作應(yīng)發(fā)生在過去且對現(xiàn)在造成了某種影響，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。()6.(2013 年廣東佛山)Yang Liwei, a famous astronaut_ to Foshan in March, 2012.AcomesBcameC

21、was comingB 根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語可知動作發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)。()7.(2014 年廣東佛山)Air must _ fresh all thetime.Its good for our health.AkeepBis keptCbe keptCmust 必須，是情態(tài)動詞，故后面跟動詞原形；空氣是“被保持干凈”，故選 C。()8.(2014 年廣東河源)Heyuan develops so fast.Thats true.Great changes _ in Heyuan in the lastfew years.Ahave been taken placeBtook placeCta

22、ke placeDhave taken placeD in the last few years 在過去的幾年里，是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞；take place 發(fā)生，無被動語態(tài)。故選 D。()9.(2013 年廣東河源)In the old days, they _ inthe factory from morning to night.Awere made to workBasked to workCmade to workDwere asked for workA 題意：在過去，他們被迫從早到晚在工廠工作。他們是“被迫”，故用被動語態(tài)；ask for 要求，請求。故選 A。()10.(201

23、3 年廣東梅州)Where is your father?He _ Australia and he _ Sydney for twoweeks.Ahas been to; has been inChas been in; has been toBhas gone to; has been inDhas gone to; has been toB 題意：“你的父親在哪里？”“他去了澳大利亞，并且已經(jīng)在悉尼待了兩周了?！県ave been to 表示過去曾經(jīng)去過某地，說話時(shí)已經(jīng)從該地回來了；have gone to 表示在去某地的路上或在某地，說話時(shí)還未回來；have been in 表示已在某

24、地待了多久。故選 B。()11.(2014 年廣東茂名)This is No.9 Middle School.Itsdoor _every day after school.Awas closedBis closedCcloseB題意：這是第 9 中學(xué)，每天下午放學(xué)后它的門都是關(guān)著的。be closed 關(guān)著的，表示狀態(tài)；因?yàn)槭敲刻於及l(fā)生，故應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。選 B。()12.(2014 年廣東茂名)Have you seen Mike?He _ football on the sports field.AplaysBis playingCwill playB題意：“你看見麥克了嗎？”“他正在

25、運(yùn)動場踢足球?！北硎緞幼髡谶M(jìn)行，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。()13.(2014年廣東深圳)Its said a pianist will performat Poly Theater on Friday evening.Is it Lang Lang? Yes, it _ him.He _ for a week.Amust be; has arrived hereCmust be; has been hereBmaybe; has been hereDmaybe; has arrived hereC 題意：“據(jù)說一個(gè)鋼琴家周五晚上將要在保利劇院表演。是郎朗嗎？”“是的，一定是他。他已經(jīng)到這兒一個(gè)星期了

26、?！备鶕?jù)題意可知是表示有把握的肯定推測，故應(yīng)用 must be；又 arrive 為短暫性動詞，與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)應(yīng)改為 has been。故選 C。()14.(2012 年廣東深圳)What will you do _the summer holiday? I think I shall watch London OlympicGames.It will _ in August.Aduring; be heldCduring; holdBat; holdDat; be holdA表示“在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)”用 during ；奧運(yùn)會是“被舉行”，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故選 A。()15.(2012 年廣東湛江

27、)_ you _ yourhomework?Not yet.ADo; finishCDid; finishBHave; finishedDAre; finishedB 答語中有 yet，是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，故選 B。()16.(2012 年廣東肇慶)Have all the students knownthat our class will visit Mountain Tai this afternoon?Yes.Every student _ about it.A. toldBwas toldChas told學(xué)生們得知這個(gè)消息是因?yàn)椤氨桓嬷保蕬?yīng)用被動B語態(tài)。()17.(2011 年廣東

28、)Alan, its late.Why not go to bed?Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _ for her.A. waitedBhave waitedCam waitingDwas waitingC 由題意可知是“正在等她”，且由“its late”可知表示現(xiàn)在，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。()18.(2011 年廣東)People who drink wine _ todrive after May Day.A. dont allowBisnt allowedCmustnt allowDmustnt be allowedD 題意：五一節(jié)之后喝了酒的人不(被)允許開車。

29、由題意可知應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，B 項(xiàng)主謂不一致，故選 D。()19.(2013 年廣東)Our math teacher _ in ourschool for 20 years and he _ here when he was 23 yearsold.A.has taught; has comeC.taught; cameB.taught; comesD.has taught; cameD 題意：我們數(shù)學(xué)老師在我們學(xué)校教書 20 年了，當(dāng)他 23歲的時(shí)候他就來到了這里。由 for 20 years 可知，動作從 20 年前持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，故第一空要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；由時(shí)間狀語從句“when he was

30、23 years old”可知，動作發(fā)生在 23 歲時(shí)，故第二空要用一般過去時(shí)。()20.(2014 年廣東廣州)Yesterday evening, I _along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher.A.walkB.walkedC.was walkingD.am walkingC題意：昨天晚上我正沿著街道散步，突然遇到我的數(shù)學(xué)老師?！吧⒉健边@個(gè)動作是遇到老師時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的，故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。()21.(2014 年廣東佛山)The Chinese Culture Day_ in New York City on April 20th

31、, 2011.A.celebratedB.is celebratedC.was celebratedC“on April 20th, 2011” 表示的是過去時(shí)間，celebrate 與the Chinese Culture Day 是動賓關(guān)系，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。()22.(2014 年廣東佛山)Most of the sandstorms in ourcountry _ in spring, from March to May.A.happenB.HappensC.is happeningA由時(shí)間狀語“in spring, from March to May”可知時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且

32、主語為復(fù)數(shù)，故選 A。()23.(2013年廣東佛山)The Guangzhou Tower _thousands of tourists since it was open to the public.A.attractsB.AttractedC.has attractedC由時(shí)間狀語“since it was open to the public”可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。()24.(2013 年廣東深圳)When should I hand in mypaper?Your paper must _ as soon as the bell _.A.hand in; ringsB.hand in;

33、 will ringC.be handed in; will ringD.be handed in; ringsD hand in 與 paper 之間是動賓關(guān)系，故第一空用被動語態(tài)；as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。故選 D。()25.(2014 年廣東梅州)The boss made him work 14hours a day.That means, he _ work 14 hours a day.A. was madeCwas makingBmadeDwas made toD由前一句可知“他被迫每天工作 14 個(gè)小時(shí)”，且前一句的謂語動詞 made

34、 是一般過去時(shí)，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。make sb.do sth.的被動語態(tài)要加上省略的 to，即 be made todo sth.。故選 D。()26.(2014 年廣東肇慶)Your classroom is very clean.Yes, it _ every day.A.is cleanedB.cleansC.is cleaningA由時(shí)間狀語 every day 可知要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且 it(即your classroom)是 clean 這一動作的承受者，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，選 A。()27.(2014 年廣東肇慶)You are too late.The film_

35、 since half an hour ago.A.has begunB.has been onC.beganB 由時(shí)間狀語 since half an hour ago 可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且 begin 為短暫性動詞，不能與一段時(shí)間連用，故用 be on。選B。()28.(2013 年廣東清遠(yuǎn))Echo _ for half amonth.Shell come back in two months.A.leftB.leaveC.has leftD.has been awayD時(shí)間狀語 for half a month 為一段時(shí)間，故謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞；且由后一句“她將兩個(gè)月后回來”說明已

36、經(jīng)離開，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。故選 D。()29.(2013 年廣東)Robert with his two kids _ tothe beach for vacation every year.A.goB.goesC.wentD.are goingB 由時(shí)間狀語 every year 可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語中帶有with 短語時(shí)，謂語動詞應(yīng)與 with 短語前面的主語保持一致。故選 B。()30.(2014 年廣東)Do you know her well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.A.wereC.have beenB.have madeD.ha

37、ve becomeC根據(jù)后面的 since ten years ago 可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且make 和 become 均為短暫性動詞，不能與一段時(shí)間連用，故用have been。()31.(2013 年廣東)The 16th Asian Games _ inGuangzhou in November, 2010.A.holdsB.will holdC.was heldD.will be heldD 由時(shí)間狀語“in November, 2010”可知要用將來時(shí)態(tài)，且Asian Games 是 hold 這一動作的承受者，故用一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。)32.(2013 年廣東深圳)Have yo

38、u ever _(Australia?Yes, I have.Its really interesting _ withkangaroos.A. been to; to playCbeen to; playBgone to; playedDgone to; playingA題意：“你曾經(jīng)去過澳大利亞嗎？”“是的。跟袋鼠一起玩真的很有趣?！庇深}意可知表示“去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了，故用 have been to；固定句型 it isadj.to do sth.意為“做某事怎么樣”。()33.(2013 年廣東梅州)May I speak to John?Sorry, he _ Japan.Bu

39、t he _ in two days.A.has been to; will come backB.has gone to; will be backC.has been in; would come backD.has gone to; wont come backB 由答語可知“去日本了還沒回來”，故第一空要用 hasgone to；由時(shí)間狀語 in two days 及題意可知第二空要用一般將來時(shí)的肯定式。故選 B。()34.(2014 年廣東肇慶)According to the library rules,books _ for two weeks at most.A.can be

40、borrowedB.can keepC.can be keptC borrow 是短暫性動詞，不能與 for two weeks 連用，故要用延續(xù)性動詞 keep; keep 與 books 是動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。選 C。()35.(2013年廣東廣州)Excuse me, whats this for?Its a cleaner and it _ to pick up dirt.A.usesC.is usingB.is usedD.UsedB use 與 it (指 cleaner)之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。()36.(2013 年廣東湛江)I heard that Mr.Brown

41、 diedlast year.Yes, he has _ for a year, but we still miss him.A.been deadB.deathC.diedD.dyingA 由 for a year 可知要用延續(xù)性動詞，故用 been dead; death為名詞，dying 為現(xiàn)在分詞，均不符合。()37.(2014 年廣東佛山)I _ my work today.Letsgo for a coffee.A.finishB.will finishC.have finishedC由后一句“我們?nèi)ズ缺Х劝伞笨芍拔乙呀?jīng)完成了工作”，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。()38.(2014 年廣東佛山)Experts _ to makesuggestions to help the city develop.A.will inviteB.are invitedC.have invitedB invite 與 experts 之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。