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1、對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P P228 228 語(yǔ)法歸納歸納語(yǔ)法歸納語(yǔ)法 分類詳解分類詳解狀語(yǔ)從句可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、方式、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、比較狀語(yǔ)從句等。1時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：(1)可用從屬連詞when，while和as當(dāng)主句表示的是短暫性動(dòng)作，而從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，上面三個(gè)詞可以通用。如：When/While/As I was riding along the road，I saw an old man knocked down by a car.我行駛在路上時(shí)，看到一個(gè)老頭被車撞倒了。when既可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作，可用于主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或從句

2、動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作。如：When I was young，I used to swim in the river behind the village.我年輕時(shí)常到山后的河里游泳。When I got to the cinema，the film had been on.我到電影院時(shí)，電影已開演。除此之外，when還可以作并列連詞，意為“那時(shí)，這時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于at this/that time；還可以表原因，意為“既然”及表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于if，以上這三種用法是while和as所沒有的。如：I was reading a novel when someone knocked at the door.我

3、正在讀小說時(shí)突然有人敲門。How can you hope to get mercy when you dont show mercy to others?如果你不寬恕別人，怎么能得到別人的寬恕呢？while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主、從句動(dòng)作的對(duì)比。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.別人工作時(shí)，請(qǐng)不要大聲講話。While Tom was studying，Ted was playing computer games.湯姆在學(xué)習(xí)的同時(shí)，泰德在玩電腦游戲。此外，while還可以用作并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表對(duì)比；還可以

4、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“雖然”。如：He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.他喜歡流行音樂，而我喜歡民間音樂。as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，多表示主、從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，意為“一邊一邊；隨著”。如：Jane sings as she works.簡(jiǎn)一邊工作一邊唱歌。(2)as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，once，no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when以上短語(yǔ)都意為“一就”。從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。Once you rememb

5、er it，you will never forget it.一旦記住，永生不忘。The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.我一聽到說話聲，就知道父親回來(lái)了。注意：no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的時(shí)態(tài)搭配：no sooner和hardly/scarcely引導(dǎo)的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，than與when后要用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，此外，當(dāng)把no sooner和hardly/scarcely置于句首時(shí)，其后的句子要倒裝。No sooner had we arrived at the

6、station than the train left.我們剛到車站火車就走了。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.我剛一到家天就開始下雨。(3)till，until和not.until.肯定句：主句動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主、從句均為肯定式，意為“某動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到時(shí)間某點(diǎn)才停止?！盤lease wait until I come back.等我回來(lái)。否定句：主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，從句肯定式，意思為“某動(dòng)作一直到時(shí)間某點(diǎn)才開始?！比纾篐e wont go to bed till/until she returns.他直到她回來(lái)才會(huì)去睡覺。t

7、ill不可以用在句首，而until可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告訴我，我才知道。(4)before和since若表達(dá)“還未就”、“不到就”、“才”、“趁還沒來(lái)得及”時(shí)，要用before。如：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我們航行了四天四夜才看到陸地。Before they reached the station，the train had gone.他們還沒到火車站，火車就已開走了。 It will be一段時(shí)間before sb.does s

8、th.“多久之后才” It will be half a year before I come back. 半年后我才會(huì)回來(lái)。 It wont be long before we meet again. 不久我們就會(huì)見面。since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。I have written home four times since I came here.到這后我已給家里寫了四封信。She has been working in this factory since she left school.畢業(yè)后她一直在這家工廠上班。在It is一段時(shí)間si

9、nce從句的句型中，時(shí)間計(jì)算一律從since從句的動(dòng)作完成或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起。如：It is three years since the war broke out.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)以來(lái)，有三年了。2地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：由連接副詞where或wherever(在任何地方)引導(dǎo)。如：The photo of mine was taken where stood the famous high tower.我照這張照片的地方坐落著那座著名的高塔。Wherever you go，you can see new factories and stores.無(wú)論走到哪里，你都可以看到新工廠和新商店。3原因狀語(yǔ)從句：由連詞

10、because，as(由于)，since(既然)，now that，seeing that，considering that等引導(dǎo)。Dont scamp your work because you are pressed for time.不要因?yàn)闀r(shí)間倉(cāng)促而馬馬虎虎。As the weather was fine，I opened all the windows.因?yàn)樘旌?，我打開了所有窗戶。其他表示原因的方式還有：(1)for引導(dǎo)的并列句也可以表原因，但不是直接原因，而是推斷的、對(duì)前面內(nèi)容解釋說明的原因，不可置于句首。如：It must have rained last night，for t

11、he ground is still wet.昨夜一定下雨了，地面還是濕的。(2)介詞短語(yǔ)because of，owing to，due to，thanks to等也表原因。Thanks to the bad weather，they put off the sports meeting.由于天氣不好，他們把運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲了。4條件狀語(yǔ)從句：由從屬連詞if，unless(if.not)，as/so long as(只要)，in case(萬(wàn)一)，on condition that(條件是，只要)，provided/providing that，suppose/supposing that(假如，假

12、設(shè)，用于問句)。如：As long as you understand the rule，you will have no further difficulty.只要你懂得了規(guī)則，就不會(huì)再有麻煩。Provided(that)they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help？如果他們拒絕我們，我們還能找誰(shuí)幫忙？5方式狀語(yǔ)從句：由從屬連詞as，as if，as though引導(dǎo)。如：Do just as you like.你喜歡做什么就做什么。6讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：由從屬連詞though，although，even if，even though，whethe

13、r.or.(不管還是)，who/which/how.ever，no matter who/which/how.，as(盡管)，while(though)引導(dǎo)。如：Child as he is，he knows a lot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子，他知識(shí)卻很豐富。I wont mind even if/though he doesnt come.即使他不來(lái)，我也不介意。While you may be right，I cant altogether agree.盡管你也許是對(duì)的，但我不能同意你的觀點(diǎn)。7目的狀語(yǔ)從句：由從屬連詞so that，in order that，for fear that，in

14、case，lest(免得，以防，唯恐)等引導(dǎo)。如：Come round to the windows so that I can see you.到窗子這來(lái)我就能看清你們了。8結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：由so that，so.that，such.that等引導(dǎo)。用法如下：so形容詞/副詞that從句so形容詞a/an可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)that從句somany/much/few/little名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞that從句但是，當(dāng)little為“小的”講時(shí)，要用such修飾。如：such little girlssucha/an形容詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)that從句such形容詞可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞that從句suc

15、ha lot of/lots of名詞that從句It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天氣這么好，我們都想去公園。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他掙錢太少，不能養(yǎng)家糊口。注意：(1)so.that，such.that短語(yǔ)中的that在從句中不作任何成分，如果后面的從句缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)把that改為as。如：Our maths teacher gave us so difficult a problem as none o

16、f us can work out.數(shù)學(xué)老師出的題太難，沒人能做出來(lái)。(2)當(dāng)so和such置于句首時(shí)，主句要倒裝。如：So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他很聰明，所有難題都能解決。9比較狀語(yǔ)從句：由as.as，not as/so.as，more.than.，less.than.，the more.，the more.，the same.as，such.as等引導(dǎo)。如：Tom is as good a student as Jack.Tom is such a good student as Jack.湯姆和杰克一樣都是好學(xué)生。對(duì)應(yīng)專題對(duì)應(yīng)專題 分類訓(xùn)練分類訓(xùn)練 溫溫示示提提馨馨