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1、第十四節(jié)句子（二）第十四節(jié)句子（二）第二部分中考語法知識(shí)歸納中考考點(diǎn)精講精練中考考點(diǎn)精講精練 句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為三類：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。本節(jié)我們將重點(diǎn)闡述中考最常涉及的復(fù)合句賓語從句、定語從句和狀語從句。在此之前先了解一下簡單句和并列句。 簡單句由一個(gè)主語部分和一個(gè)謂語部分組成。簡單句的五種基本句型如下： 由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立分句的句子叫做并列復(fù)合句，簡稱并列句。 由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句組成的句子叫做主從復(fù)合句。中考對(duì)主從復(fù)合句的考查主要為賓語從句、定語從句和狀語從句。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1 賓語從句賓語從句考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)精講1. 定義:在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。2

2、. 賓語從句三要素：考題精解考題精解( )(2015廣東)David asked_ in China.Of course not. Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a greeting.A. why he can greet a lady by kissing her B. why he could greet a lady by kissing herC. whether he can greet a lady by kissing her D. whether he could greet a lady by kissing her 解

3、析解析 本題句意： 戴維問在中國他是否可以用親吻去問候一位女士。 當(dāng)然不能了。中國人通常跟女士握手表示問候。本題考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可以判斷空格上句子的引導(dǎo)詞為whether; 再結(jié)合前面主句中的asked可知戴維是過去問起，故賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)也要用過去時(shí)。由此可知答案D正確。 答案答案 D考題再現(xiàn)考題再現(xiàn)( )1. (2015梅州)Show me the map, please. I wonder _.Look, its here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province. A. where is Diaoyu IslandB. w

4、here Diaoyu Island isC. what is Diaoyu Island likeD. when Diaoyu Island isB( )2. (2014廣東)Do you know_？8,844.43 meters. Its a popular place with mountain climbers. A. how high is Qomolangma B. how long is QomolangmaC. how high Qomolangma is D. how long Qomolangma isC( )3. (2013廣東)Have you asked the p

5、oliceman _?Yes. He told us to turn left onto Main Street. Its on the right. A. if there is a bank near hereB. how can we get to the nearest bankC. where can we find a bankD. when we can go to the nearest bankA考題預(yù)測(cè)考題預(yù)測(cè)( )4. I dont understand _. Im sorry. But I was doing my homework. A. why you didnt

6、watch the football matchB. why didnt you watch the football match C. why you dont watch the football matchD. why dont you watch the football matchA( )5. Please tell me _ the scarf.She bought it online, I guess.A. if Alice likedB. when Alice boughtC. where Alice boughtD. how much did Alice pay for( )

7、6. Fathers Day is coming. Im thinking about _. A. what present should I give himB. where we had a big mealC. how I will give him a surpriseD. if am I going to plan a party for himCC考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 定語從句定語從句考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)精講 1. 定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句。 2. 結(jié)構(gòu)：一般為含先行詞的主句關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 3. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞： (1)關(guān)系代詞：that，which，wh

8、o(賓格為whom，所有格為whose)，位于先行詞及定語從句之間起聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)又作定語從句的主語、賓語、定語等成分。 (2)關(guān)系副詞：where，when，why等。常在從句中作地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或原因狀語，且往往可以用介詞加which (如in which； on which； for which等)代替。 4. 關(guān)系詞的區(qū)別運(yùn)用： (1)I like teachers who teach in their own ways. 我喜歡那些有自己教學(xué)風(fēng)格的老師。(who作主語，指人，可用that代替，不可省略) (2)He is the man (who) Sarah loves. 他是薩拉愛的男

9、人。(who作賓語，指人，可用whom、that替換，均可省略) (3) The novel (which) I bought in the bookstore was wonderful. 我在書店買的那本小說很精彩。(which作賓語，指物，可用that替換，均可省略。若作主語則不可省略) (4)Paul knows the boy whose sister died last year. 保羅認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)(他的)妹妹去年死了的男孩。 (whose只能作定語，不可省略，在本句中指人。也可指物) (5)She remembers the wooden house where her grandp

10、arents used to live. 她記得她祖父母曾經(jīng)居住過的木屋子。(where在此作地點(diǎn)狀語，不能省略，相當(dāng)于in which) (6)That was the day when little Ivy was born. 那就是小艾薇出生的日子。(when在此作時(shí)間狀語，不可省略，相當(dāng)于on which) (7)Let me know the reason why youre so upset. 告訴我你如此不安的原因。(why在此作原因狀語，不可省略，相當(dāng)于for which) 5. 關(guān)系詞使用的特例關(guān)系詞只能用that不宜用which的情況考題精解考題精解( )(2015廣東)R

11、unning man is a very relaxing TV program_ is hot among the young people.A. what B. whichC. who D. whom 解析解析 本題句意： 奔跑吧兄弟是一檔在年輕人當(dāng)中很火的休閑電視節(jié)目。本題考查定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞，要正確使用關(guān)系代詞的前提是準(zhǔn)確定位先行詞。結(jié)合句意可知，TV program是其后定語從句限定的名詞，即先行詞。TV program是物，其前也沒有特殊的修飾語，故這里的關(guān)系代詞填which，which在隨后的定語從句中作主語。 答案答案 B考題再現(xiàn)考題再現(xiàn)( )1. (2015廣州)The

12、stories _ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous. A. that B. those C. who D. what ( )2. (2014廣東)When Robinson Crusoe got to the island，the first thing _ he did was to look for some food. A. who B. that C. which D. whom( )3. (2014茂名)Disneyland is a place _ I wish to visit.A. which B. what C. w

13、hereABA考題預(yù)測(cè)考題預(yù)測(cè)( )4. Yesterday Wang Xi went to the village_ he lived in his childhood. A. when B. which C. where D. that ( )5. Being blind is something _ most people cant imagine. A. who B. what C. that D. whom( )6. Phillip doesnt know _ he and his friends can do to help the little boy _ parents hav

14、e left their hometown for making money. A. that; whose B. how; whoC. what; who D. what; whoseCCD考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 狀語從句狀語從句考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)精講 1. 定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等的句子稱為狀語從句。 2. 狀語從句分時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、比較等幾種類型。具體如下： 3. 狀語從句的位置：狀語從句可放在主句之前，用逗號(hào)與其隔開，也可放在主句之后。4. 主將從現(xiàn)與時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的情形考題精解考題精解( )(2015廣東)Sir, Jenny wants to kno

15、w when she can leave the office. Only when she _ copying this report.A. finishes B. finish C. finished D. will finish 解析解析 本題句意： 先生，詹妮想知道她什么時(shí)候可以離開辦公室。只有當(dāng)她把這份報(bào)告抄完的時(shí)候(她就可以離開)。本題考查時(shí)間狀語從句中的“主將從現(xiàn)”，答句是個(gè)省略句，完整句為：She can leave the office only when she _ copying this report. 觀察不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，主句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)主句中的“將來”只在意義上體

16、現(xiàn)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。再結(jié)合空格前的主語she，可知填finishes。 答案答案 A考題再現(xiàn)考題再現(xiàn)( )1. (2014廣東)I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight. Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match _. A. starts B. startedC. will start D. is starting( )2. (2012廣東)If our government _ attention to controlling food safet

17、y now, our health _ in danger. A. wont pay; is B. doesnt pay; isC. wont pay; will be D. doesnt pay; will beAD考題預(yù)測(cè)考題預(yù)測(cè)( )3. I want to know if he _ to play basketball with us.I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will beC. will come; is D. will come; will be ( )4. Tina is _ nervous _ she cant say a word. A. such; that B. too; toC. so; that D. enough; toCC