《中考英語 第一章 第二十節(jié) 賓語從句復習課件》由會員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關《中考英語 第一章 第二十節(jié) 賓語從句復習課件(15頁珍藏版)》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、第二十節(jié) 賓語從句一、 賓語從句的定義在復合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句是初中英語中最重要的一種從句,它內(nèi)容完整,句型結構較為復雜,主句和從句時態(tài)搭配要求嚴格,在中考試題中頻頻出現(xiàn)。而且學好賓語從句也可為到高中學習間接引語、主語從句、表語從句及同位語從句打下良好的基礎。二、主句和從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)1.賓語從句常由 that 引導,在口語中常省略。當主句中謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)時,從句中謂語動詞不受主句中謂語動詞時態(tài)的影響,按需要可以使用任何時態(tài)。如:She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她說她從周一至周五上班。(從句是一
2、般現(xiàn)在時)She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她說她要在他桌子上留個便條。(從句是一般將來時)She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山。(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時)2.當主句謂語是過去時態(tài),從句中的時態(tài)一般用表示過去的某種時態(tài)。如:He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過去時)He said (that) he was going to take care
3、of the baby.他說他會去照看這個嬰兒。(從句是過去將來時)He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.他說他們那時正在開會。(從句是過去進行時)3.當主句謂語是過去時態(tài),而賓語從句敘述某一客觀真理(事實)時,賓語從句的時態(tài)則用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if you put yourheart into it.老師告訴我們世上無難事只怕有心人。She said (that) her father is twenty-eight year
4、s older than her.她說她父親比她大二十八歲。He said that light travels much faster than sound.他說光傳播比聲音傳播快得多。三、由連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句1. 連 接 代 詞 主 要 有 who, whom, whose, what, whoever,whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever 等。連接代詞一般指疑問,但 what, whatever 除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述。如:Do you know who has won Red Alert game ?你知道是誰贏了紅色警戒的游
5、戲么?The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么。Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorolaor Nokia cell phone?你決定好是買摩托羅拉還是諾基亞的手機了嗎?2.連接副詞主要有 when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever等。如:He didnt tell me when we could meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面。Could you p
6、lease tell me how you use the new panel?你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 我們沒有人知道這些新的零件在哪里能買到。一、賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。 如:Do you know why winter is colder than summer? 你知道為什么冬季比夏季冷嗎?二、賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)要相互呼應主句是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r態(tài)時,從句可用任何所需要的時態(tài)。主句是過去時態(tài)時,從句要用表示過去的相應的時態(tài)。但如果從句中有明確表示過去的時間狀語,則從句應
7、用一般過去時,不用過去完成時;如從句表達的是客觀規(guī)律或真理時,要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:He said he had finished his studies when the war broke out.他說戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時,他已經(jīng)完成了學業(yè)。He said he finished his homework at 9:00 last night.他說他昨晚 9 點做完作業(yè)。He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian.他說他將在大連度假。She said that the earth moves around the sun.她說地球圍繞太陽轉。三、如賓語從句
8、有自己的賓語補足語,則用 it 作形式賓語,而把賓語從句后置。其句型為“主語謂語it賓語補足語賓語從句”。 如:We think it important that we should master at least oneforeign language.我們認為掌握至少一門外語是重要的。注意:連詞 that 引導的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語,只用在 except, but 和in 等少數(shù)幾個介詞后。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如由連詞 that 引導,則需用it 先行一步,作形式賓語。如:He is a good student except that he is a little carele
9、ss. 他是個好學生,只不過有點粗心。See to it that children dont catch cold.當心孩子別感冒了。四、連詞 whether 可引導主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句,不可省。if 引導賓語從句。(1)賓語從句是肯定句時,whether 和 if 可互換;但 whether常和 or not 連用,if 則不能;賓語從句是否定句時,一般用 if引導。如:I dont know if/whether I should tell you.不知我是否應告訴你。I wonder whether it is true or not.不知這是不是真的。I dont care
10、if it doesnt rain.天下不下雨我不會在乎。(2)作介詞賓語時,只能用 whether,不能用 if。如:Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.一切都取決于我們是否有足夠的經(jīng)驗。五、that 引導賓語從句時不可省略的幾種情況:1.that 引導的賓語從句的狀語部分位于從句前部時。 如:I promised that if anyone could set me free, I would make himking over the earth.我曾許諾如果有人把我放了,我就讓他成為世界之王。2.當主句的狀語
11、部分位于 that 賓語從句前時。如:Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went toschool a little now and a little then.亞伯拉罕林肯后來自己說他只不過是時斷時續(xù)地接受教育。3.主句的謂語動詞與賓語從句之間有插入語時。如:When he got to England, he found, however, that his Englishwas too limited.然而當他到了英國時,他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的英語很有限。4.當一個謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上的 that 引導的賓語從句時。如:Then h
12、e said that French was the most beautiful tongue in theworld, and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.他說,法語是世界上最美的語言,我們必須堅持說法語,永遠也不要忘記它。5.賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時。如:I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.我決不能告訴任何人我看不到那布。6.賓語從句的主語是 this/that,或用 this/that 修飾主語時。如:He said that tha
13、t was a good idea.他說那是個好主意。7.在直接引語中,主句和賓語從句被隔開時。如:“Im sorry to tell you , ” he said , “that you didnt watchcarefully enough what I did.” “我很遺憾地告訴大家,”他說,“你們對我所做的事情觀察得還不夠仔細。 ”8.賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時。如:The old lady then explained that what she was looking for wasa pair of gloves for a girl.那位老太太接著解釋說她在找的是一雙給一個女孩子的手套。